茶树黑刺粉虱暴发原因及综防技术探索

黑刺粉虱[Aleurocanthus spiniferus（Quaintance）]属同翅目粉虱科,以成虫与若虫剌食茶树嫩叶,并发茶煤病。随着茶园区域化、规模化开发,该虫已严重为害茶园,成为我县茶叶产地的主要害虫。为有效控制其为害,我们于2001年开始对黑刺粉虱发生情况、暴发原因进行分析,并探索综合防治技术措施。现将结果通报如下：     

烟台地区茶园黑刺粉虱发生规律及防治措施

黑刺粉虱（Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance）,又名橘刺粉虱、剌粉虱、黑蛹有刺粉虱,属同翅目粉虱科,是南方茶树、花卉的主要吸汁性害虫。2005年,在山东省海阳市部分茶园形成危害,笔者通过4年的调查研究,总结出了该虫在烟台地区的发生规律和防治措施,现介绍如下：     

茶树黑刺粉虱暴发原因及综合防治技术

黑刺粉虱[Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)]属同翅目粉虱科,以成虫与幼虫刺吸茶树叶片汁液为害,并诱发茶煤病.随着茶园区域化、规模化开发,该虫已严重为害茶园,成为浙江永嘉县茶叶生产的主要害虫.为有效控制其为害,笔者于2001年开始对黑刺粉虱发生情况、暴发原因进行调查分析,并探索综合防治技术措施.现将结果报告如下.     

茶树叶片上的“虱子”——茶黑刺粉虱

在茶园里,茶黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus camelliae KanmiyaKasai是最常见的刺吸为害的粉虱类害虫。本文介绍茶黑刺粉虱各龄期虫态的形态特征,生物学特性及相关防治要点,供茶农和农技人员参考。     

中国茶树的粉虱新记录——粉背刺粉虱(半翅目:粉虱科)

记述了茶树上一新记录粉虱——粉背刺粉虱Aleurocanthus inceratus Silvestri,该种亚缘区有11对长度一致的刺毛,其中头胸部5对;在背面中区头胸部有刺毛9对;腹部背面中区有14对,纵向分列3排;管状孔近圆形,盖瓣心形,尾沟不明显。统计了茶树上的9种粉虱即山茶褶粉虱Aleurotrachelus camelliae(Kuwana)、杨梅类伯粉虱Parabamisia myricae(Kuwana)、黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、番石榴白棒粉虱Aleuroclava psidii Singh、流苏子瘤粉虱Aleuroclava thysanospermi(Takahashi)、归亚瘤棒粉虱Aleuroclava guyavae(Takahashi)、杜鹃穴粉虱Aleurolobus rhododendri Takahashi、柑橘裸粉虱Dialeurodes citri(Ashmead)和粉背刺粉虱Aleurocanthus inceratus Silvestri,根据其伪蛹特征编制了茶树上粉虱分类检索表。     

茶树黑刺粉虱的综合防治

黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance),又名刺粉虱、桔刺粉虱,是我国茶树重要害虫之一,在全国各主要产茶区呈间歇性猖獗为害.主要以若虫栖息于茶树叶背刺吸汁液,成、若虫均排泄蜜露并诱发煤烟病,严重发生茶园茶树一片乌黑,对茶叶的产量和品质影响甚大.     

黑刺粉虱大发生原因分析及防治对策

黑刺粉虱(Aleurocanthus SpiniferusQuaintance)又名桔刺粉虱,主要分布于江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、湖南、广东、四川、云南、贵州等省。幼虫刺吸叶汁,并招致煤病发生,严重为害茶树生长。据在无锡地区调查,局部地区茶园成片发黑,老叶脱落,茶芽不发,大部分茶区减产30—50％,高的达80％。为了进一步摸清黑刺粉虱     

有机茶园主要害虫防治技术

浙江省丽水茶区常发害虫有20～30种，以假眼小绿叶蝉（Empoasca vitis Gothe）、茶橙瘿螨Acaphylla theae Watt、茶丽纹象甲（Myllocerinus aurolineatua Voss）、茶毛虫（Euproctis Pseudoconspersa Strand）、黑刺粉虱（Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance）、茶蚜（Toxoptera aurantii Boyer）和茶尺蠖（Ectropis obliqua Prout）为害较重，     

黑刺粉虱发生规律及药剂防治研究(1982-1985年)

前言黑刺粉虱(Aleurocanthus spiniforusQuaintaaca)又名桔刺粉虱、柑桔粉虱。在全国各主产茶区均有发生。日本、印度等国,为害多种经济林木。幼虫固定在叶背吸食叶组织中的汁液,其排泄物有糖分,能诱发烟煤病。发生严重时,茶丛一片乌黑,影响茶树的光合作用,使树势衰弱,芽叶瘦小,甚至新梢不能萌发,对产量和品质影响甚大。朱俊庆(1979)报道过黑刺粉虱生活史与习性。在防治上,尤其是大面积系统防治     

警惕黑刺粉虱猖獗成灾

黑刺粉虱(Aleurocanthus spiniferus Quaintance)又名桔刺粉虱,发生普遍,全国各产茶省均有分布,以幼虫在叶背吸取汁液为害茶树,并分泌蜜露状排泄物诱发多种(?)病(俗称乌油),不仅造成茶叶减产,而且影响茶叶品质和茶园管理。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。