微波技术辅助浸提乌龙茶多糖工艺的研究

采用微波技术开展乌龙茶多糖提取工艺研究,选用单因素试验分别考察料水比、微波功率、微波时间、浸提温度等因素对茶多糖得率的影响,在此基础上,开展正交试验进一步对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,四因素对茶多糖得率影响排序为微波功率＞微波时间＞浸提温度＞料水比;最佳提取工艺条件为微波功率420 W、微波时间40 min、浸提温度65℃、料水比1∶50,验证试验乌龙茶多糖得率为3.14%。     

超声-微波协同提取百香果皮果胶的工艺研究

以果胶得率为分析指标,采用超声-微波协同提取百香果干果皮果胶,利用响应面分析法优化其工艺条件。结果表明,百香果皮果胶超声-微波协同提取的最佳工艺参数为：液料比30 mL/g,pH 2.0,温度50 ℃,水浴60 min,超声功率50 W、微波功率600 W、超声-微波时间8.0 min,在此条件下,果胶得率可达(12.14±0.06)%。超声-微波协同法的提取效果与单独水提、超声、微波法的相比,得率分别提高了47.33%、34.74%和23.50%,3种提取方法的酯化度均≥50%,其说明百香果皮果胶属于高甲氧基果胶。扫描电镜结果显示,百香果皮细胞壁在超声-微波协同作用下破碎更为彻底,利于果胶溶出。     

绿茶总黄酮提取方法及对羟自由基清除效果比较研究

通过对传统醇提法、超声波法、微波法、微波-超声协同法4种提取方法的比较,研究绿茶总黄酮的最佳提取方法。结果表明:微波提取法的最佳工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,液固比45∶1,微波时间40s;微波-超声协同提取法最佳工艺为乙醇浓度70%,液固比45∶1,超声时间30min。4种提取方法以微波-超声协同提取法总黄酮得率最高,并比较4种提取方法获得的绿茶总黄酮提取物对羟自由基(·OH)的清除效果,超声提取法清除·OH效果最佳。     

超声波法提取普洱茶多糖的研究

为了进一步提高普洱茶中茶多糖的提取得率,试验以水为溶剂,采用超声波法从普洱茶中提取茶多糖。考察了超声温度、超声时间、固液比、提取次数对多糖得率的影响,并以正交试验设计优化工艺条件。结果表明,超声波法提取普洱茶多糖的最佳条件为提取温度70℃,超声波处理时间20min,固液比1：20,提取次数3次。     

千层金叶片类胡萝卜素的提取优化工艺参数研究

为探讨从千层金（Melaleuca bracteata）叶片中提取类胡萝卜素的最佳工艺条件,采用超声波辅助提取方法,研究了提取剂、超声功率、料液比、超声时间、超声温度和提取次数等单因素试验对千层金类胡萝卜素提取得率的影响。在单因素试验,固定超声功率300 W,丙酮 ∶ 石油醚（1 ∶ 2）,2次超声提取条件基础上,采用设计3因素3水平的中心组合Box-Behnken试验设计原理,通过响应面法优化料液比、超声温度、超声时间对类胡萝卜素得率的影响。研究结果表明：在超声波功率300 W下,超声波辅助提取千层金中类胡萝卜素的最优工艺参数为料液比1 ∶ 36,超声时间20 min,超声温度63 ℃,在此条件下千层金类胡萝卜素的提取得率可达21.73 mg/kg DW。     

白毫银针茶毫茶多糖提取工艺研究

以白毫银针茶毫为原料,研究茶毫多糖的超声波辅助提取工艺技术。分别就提取过程中的料液比、提取功率、提取时间进行了单因素实验,并用L9(34)正交实验优化提取工艺,得出优化的工艺为:料液比1:30,超声功率为360W,超声时间25min,多糖的得率为7.34%。     

微波技术提取乌龙茶多糖工艺研究

采用微波技术进行乌龙茶多糖提取工艺研究,以茶多糖对α-淀粉酶活性抑制率为指标,选用单因素试验探索料水比、微波时间、微波功率及浸提温度对茶多糖活性的影响,并在此基础上开展正交试验对工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,各因素对茶多糖活性影响由大到小依次为:微波功率、微波时间、浸提温度、料水比,最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率280 W、微波时间20 min、浸提温度45℃、料水比(g∶mL)1∶40,在此条件下开展验证试验,乌龙茶多糖对α-淀粉酶活性抑制率平均值达25.38%。     

花生秆水溶性膳食纤维的超声波提取及抗氧化活性研究

研究以花生秆为原料,用超声波法提取花生秆水溶性膳食纤维(SDF),并对SDF的抗氧化活性进行了研究.单因素和正交试验结果显示超声波提取SDF的最佳工艺条件为:超声波频率28kHz、反应温度80℃、反应时间120min、超声波功率240W.在此条件下,SDF的得率为5.35%,SDF中非淀粉多糖(NSP)含量为65.49...     

应用响应面分析优化酶法辅助超声提取余甘子多糖工艺

利用酶法辅助超声提取法从余甘子中提取多糖,考查了超声时间、液料比、超声温度和超声功率对多糖提取率的影响.在单因素试验的基础上采用响应面分析优化提取工艺条件.结果表明,余甘子多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为：超声温度41℃,液料比6∶1,超声时间75min,超声功率300W,多糖提取率为5.76%,接近于模型预测值.     

金柑多糖酶法脱蛋白工艺的研究

蛋白酶法结合Sevag法对金柑粗多糖进行脱蛋白,研究不同酶添加量、温度、pH值、时间等因素对金柑粗多糖脱蛋白效果的影响。结果表明,金柑粗多糖酶法脱蛋白最佳工艺条件是：木瓜蛋白酶添加量120 U/mL、酶解时间80 min和酶解温度40　℃;在此条件下,蛋白质脱除率为75.88％,多糖的损失率为5.45％;再用Sevag试剂处理3次,蛋白质脱除率和多糖损失率分别为85.18％和14.16％。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。