氟苯尼考可溶性粉对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

以试管2倍稀释法测定20％氟苯尼考可溶性粉和10％氟苯尼考预混剂对鸡大肠杆菌078的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)，然后对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病病鸡进行治疗试验，内服5天、每天2次。结果表明，20％氟苯尼考可溶性粉和10％氟苯尼考预混剂MIC均为16mg／L，以氟苯尼考可溶性粉1．0g／L、0．5g／L、0．25g／L给鸡饮水后，对大肠杆菌病的治愈率分别为93．3％、83．3％和70．0％，药物对照组治愈率为80．0％。感染对照组的死亡率高达60．0％。     

氟苯尼考可溶性粉对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用大肠杆菌O1、O2、078的混合菌液人工感染10日龄海兰白公雏,发病后用氟苯尼考可溶性粉进行饮水治疗.结果发现,氟苯尼考可溶性粉高(6g/L)、中(3g/L)、低(1.5g/L)剂量和对照药物甲砜霉素(150mg/L)对鸡大肠杆菌病均有较高的疗效,用药后症状明显减轻且渐恢复,体重也明显增加.其中,氟苯尼考可溶性粉中、低剂量的保护率、有效率均达100%,治愈率分别为90%和80%,其疗效比甲砜霉素高,可在临床上推广使用.     

硫酸粘菌素预混剂对仔猪人工诱发大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

50头16日龄三元杂交猪经口一次人工感染大肠杆菌O8:K88强毒标准株,诱发仔猪大肠杆菌病(白痢)模型,分别用(10%)硫酸粘菌素预混剂800mg/kg、400mg/kg、200mg/kg口服治疗.结果显示:硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂高剂量组的死亡率、有效率、治愈率和相对增重率为0%、100‰90%和92.45%,中剂量组为10%、90%、80%和96.32%,两者差异不显著,但均极显著优于低剂量组.说明(10%)硫酸粘菌素预混剂口服时人工诱发仔猪大肠杆菌病有较好的疗效,应用时以400mg/kg为宜,重症加倍.     

氟苯尼考对肉鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

选择480只12日龄AA商品肉鸡,经检查没有发生大肠杆菌病,即为实验用鸡,进行人工诱发肉鸡大肠杆菌病试验.将试验鸡平均分为5组,每组80只,其中1组为氟苯尼考治疗组,2组、3组分别为攻毒恩诺沙星对照组及阿米卡星对照组,4组为阳性对照组(攻毒未治疗对照组),5组为阴性对照组(未攻毒不用治疗的健康对照组).结果表明,氟苯尼考组的治愈率及有效率均较高,适合目前对我市肉鸡的大肠杆菌病的治疗.     

林可-大观可溶性粉治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌和支原体人工混合感染试验

目的:观察国产盐酸林可霉素-硫酸大观霉素(Lincomycin Hydrochloride and Spectinomycin Sulfate)可溶性粉对鸡支原体和大肠杆菌混合感染所致雏鸡气囊病的治疗效果.方法:雏鸡气囊人工混合感染鸡毒支原体和大肠杆菌.结果:林可-大观可溶性粉按0.75～1.88g/l饮水治疗5 d,能有效地控制雏鸡大肠杆菌及支原体感染,降低感染鸡发病率、气囊病变指数、支原体抗体阳性率和死亡率;其效果与对照药物利高霉素100相近.     

氟罗沙星的急性毒性对鸡实验性大肠杆菌的药效

急性毒性试验测得氟罗沙星经口染毒昆明小白鼠LD50大于5000mg/kg.药敏试验测得,氟罗沙星及环丙沙星对鸡大肠杆菌的抑菌圈分别为(32.0±1.21)mm和(33.1±1.59)mm;按25,50,100mg/L的氟罗沙星及50mg/L的环丙沙星饮水给药,连续用药3天,对鸡大肠杆菌病的保护率分别为46.7%,66.7%,96.7%,46.7%;而攻毒不给药组雏鸡死亡率为100%.     

黄连解毒散超微粉对人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

目的:分析人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病利用黄连解毒散超微粉治疗的效果。方法:借助人工诱发实现鸡大肠杆菌病模型建立,选择黄连解毒散超微粉治疗,另外设置相同条件的对照组,选择西药氟苯尼考治疗。结果:中药组鸡群死亡率为3.33%,治疗总有效率为96.67%;西药组20%、80%;中药组攻毒后不同时间血清SOD浓度均高于西药组,中药组试验结束后平均体质量(1142±35)g,西药组(1060±37)g。结论:黄连解毒散超微粉治疗人工诱发鸡大肠杆菌病的效果优于西药氟苯尼考,值得推广。     

复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行疗效试验。结果表明：10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉其剂量分别为0.6 g/L、0.4 g/L0、.2 g/L时能有效控制鸡大肠杆菌感染,缓解症状,降低对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的发病率,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星。临床应用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉按每1 L水0.4 g混饮,连用4 d,对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的治疗效果。     

复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对实验性鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

采用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病进行疗效试验。结果表明：10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉其剂量分别为0.6 g/L、0.4 g/L0、.2 g/L时能有效控制鸡大肠杆菌感染,缓解症状,降低对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的发病率,效果优于单方的恩诺沙星。临床应用10%复方盐酸恩诺沙星可溶性粉按每1 L水0.4 g混饮,连用4 d,对鸡大肠杆菌病有良好的治疗效果。     

氟苯尼考液对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

氟苯尼考是一种新型的氯霉素类广谱抗菌药,本试验测定了其对大肠杆菌的最低抑菌浓度,并对人工诱发大肠杆菌病的雏鸡进行饮水给药的治疗试验,并与10％氟苯尼考预混剂进行比较．以其为合理使用该药治疗鸡大肠杆菌病提供理论依据。     

碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液的临床应用研究

为了研究碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液对人工感染大肠杆菌O78雏鸡的治疗作用,本试验以8日龄的雏鸡为试验动物,腹腔注射一定剂量的O78菌悬液,建立雏鸡大肠杆菌人工感染模型,然后给予不同剂量碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液对其进行治疗试验。结果显示,给予1.75mg/kg碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液进行预防给药,其增重率显著升高,增重率和有效率分别为102.45%和100%;给予1.75mg/kg碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液进行治疗给药,雏鸡增重率、治愈率和有效率分别为93.34%、70%和83%,试验证明,碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液能有效防治人工感染雏鸡大肠杆菌病,为兽医临床应用碱偏离型恩诺沙星注射液治疗雏鸡大肠杆菌病提供了理论依据。     

氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的药效研究

为了探讨氟甲砜霉素对鸭大肠杆菌病的疗效进行了本研究。用试管2倍稀释法测定氟甲砜霉素及对照药氯霉素对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度，然后用氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素进行混饲给药5d的疗效试验，试验结果表明，氟甲砜霉素，氯霉素对大肠杆菌O78株的最小抑菌浓度分别为6mg/L,8mg/L,100,200,400mg/kg氟甲砜霉素混饲给药对鸭大肠杆菌病的有效率分别为30．3％，93．9％，100％,400mg/kg氯霉素的有效率为93．9％，试验各组之间鸭的增重差异不显著。     

氟苯尼考可溶性粉的研制及溶出度测定

选择低聚糖类辅料A并利用喷雾干燥法制备氟苯尼考可溶性粉.取氟苯尼考100 g,辅料A 900 g,喷雾干燥制成规格为50 g∶ 5 g的氟苯尼考粉剂.喷雾干燥得到的可溶性粉的溶出速率和溶出百分率明显高于物混物,其溶出率为99.05%,分别是氟苯尼考原料干燥品(溶出率30.34%)和氟苯尼考原粉(溶出率2.35%)的3.26倍和42.15倍,使氟苯尼考的水溶性大大提高.     

杨树花、千里光、连翘与抗菌药联用对鸡大肠杆菌的体外抑菌作用

采用琼脂稀释法分别测定杨树花、千里光、连翘与头孢噻呋、氟苯尼考、恩诺沙星3种抗菌药联用对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。结果显示,3味中药与头孢噻呋联用以协同作用为主,与恩诺沙星联用以拮抗作用为主,杨树花和连翘分别与氟苯尼考联用均100％表现为协同作用,千里光与氟苯尼考联用90％表现为协同作用,10％表现为无关作用。结果表明,杨树花、千里光、连翘在体外均可与氟苯尼考联用,且以连翘与氟苯尼考联用效果最好。     

Pharmacokinetics of florfenicol in North American elk (Cervus elaphus)

Florfenicol pharmacokinetics after administration of a single subcutaneous (s.c.) dose of 40 mg/kg of body weight in adult elk (Cervus elaphus) was investigated. Serum florfenicol concentrations were determined by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method with limit of quantification of 0.03 microg/mL. Florfenicol pharmacokinetic parameters in elk were estimated using a noncompartmental approach. After a single s.c. injection, florfenicol concentrations remained above 1 microg/mL for approximately 36 h and above 0.5 microg/mL for approximately 72 h. Following s.c. injection, florfenicol was absorbed rapidly with a mean maximum concentration (C(max)) of 3.7 microg/mL achieved at 4.2 h (T(max)). The C(max) value in elk is similar to values reported in cattle at the same dose, suggesting that the 40 mg/kg s.c. dose achieves therapeutic concentrations in elk. A mean elimination half-life (t(1/2)) of 44 h is shorter than that reported in cattle. The more rapid elimination half-life in elk suggests that elk may require a multiple dose regimen for therapeutic success with s.c. Nuflor. We recommend s.c. Nuflor be administered subcutaneously to elk every 24 h at a dose level of 40 mg/kg.     

Preliminary Assessment of the Tolerance and Efficacy of Florfenicol against Edwardsiella ictaluri Administered in Feed to Channel Catfish

Abstract

A tolerance study was conducted to determine the palatability of florfenicol to channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Four tanks of fish (20 fish/tank) were assigned to each of five treatments distinguished by the amount of florfenicol given in feed per kilogram of body weight, namely, 0, 10, 20, 40, or 100 mg. Fish were fed at a rate of 2.5% of body weight per day for 10 consecutive days. On day 11, all surviving fish were euthanatized, counted, and weighed as a group. Florfenicol- medicated feed was palatable to fish at doses of 10, 20, 40, and 100 mg for 10 consecutive days. All 400 fish were necropsied and examined by histopathology, and no treatment-related changes were observed. In a separate exploratory efficacy study, four tanks (20 fish/tank) were assigned to each of the following treatments: (1) not challenged with Edwardsiella ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed, (2) challenged with E. ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed, (3) challenged with E. ictaluri and fed florfenicol at 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, (4) challenged and fed florfenicol at 20 mg/kg, and (5) challenged and fed florfenicol at 40 mg/kg. Treatment was initiated the day after inoculation, and feed was administered by hand for five consecutive days at 2.5% of body weight. The cumulative mortality observed over a 17-d period in treatment groups 1–5 was 2.5, 57.5, 0, 1.25, and 1.25%, respectively. All 400 fish were necropsied and examined by histopathology. The results indicate that florfenicol was effective in controlling mortality from enteric septicemia of catfish with no adverse treatment-related tissue changes. Florfenicol was palatable, safe, and efficacious in controlling mortality due to infection by E. ictaluri in channel catfish.     

河南省部分地区鸡源致病性大肠杆菌生物学特性的研究

从河南省不同发病鸡群中采取典型鸡大肠杆菌病痛料，分离鉴定出8株鸡大肠杆茵。8株分离茵对雏鸡具有不同程度的致病作用，其中以兰考株和南阳株致病力最强，可使接种雏鸡100％发病死亡，其次是西华株和登封株，致死率均达75％。药敏试验结果表明：8个茵株均对氟苯尼考、头孢噻呋、头孢曲松、头孢唑啉、阿米卡星、卡那霉素、氯霉素高度敏感；大多数茵株对氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、氨苄西林、链霉素严重耐药。O因子血清凝集试验结果表明：8个茵株的血清型，大多数为O78，占75％，少数为O119占25％。     

氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂对人工感染猪胸膜肺炎的临床疗效试验

为了探讨氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂的临床治疗效果,确定用药方案,本试验建立体重为15kg±1.5kg的杜×长×大三元杂交商品猪胸膜肺炎人工感染病理模型。以氟苯尼考注射液为对照组,采用氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高(40mg/kg)、中(20mg/kg)和低(10mg/kg)剂量组进行临床治疗与观察。结果表明,氟苯尼考双混悬型乳剂高、中试验组治愈率均为100%,显著高于低剂量组和药物对照组(P<0.05)。因此,临床治疗推荐采用中(20mg/kg)剂量组,3d1次,连用2次的给药方案。     

Comparison of florfenicol pharmacokinetics in Exopalaemon carinicauda at different temperatures and administration routes

Florfenicol is a broad‐spectrum antibacterial drug. Exopalaemon carinicauda is important in the prawn aquaculture industry in China. Florfenicol pharmacokinetics in E. carinicauda were studied at different temperatures and via different routes of administration to provide a scientific basis for the rational use of drugs for E. carinicauda production. At water temperatures of 22 ± 0.4°C and 28 ± 0.3°C, after intramuscular (IM) injection and oral (per ora (PO)) administration of florfenicol at 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 30 mg/kg BW, respectively, the florfenicol concentration in the plasma, hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, and carapace of E. carinicauda was determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography. After IM injection at different temperatures, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda conformed to a two‐compartment open model with zero‐order absorption. After PO administration, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda was consistent with a two‐compartment open model with first‐order absorption. Using an identical administration route but different water temperatures, the metabolism of florfenicol in E. carinicauda was quite different. Overall, florfenicol was absorbed rapidly and distributed widely in E. carinicauda, but elimination was slow and the bioavailability was not high. A low temperature and PO administration resulted in a low elimination rate.     

氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效试验

用试管二倍稀释法测定了氟苯尼考与丁胺卡那霉素对大肠杆菌质控菌株ATCC25922,菌株K88、HD1047和临床分离的36株大肠杆菌的体外抗菌活性,进行了鸡大肠杆菌病的临床疗效试验.结果质控菌株和K88、HD1047株对氟苯尼考均敏感,36株临床分离菌株对氟苯尼考的敏感率为96.2%.在临床疗效试验中,氟苯尼考长效口服液和注射剂组的死亡率低于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),治愈率及有效率高于感染对照组和丁胺卡那霉素对照组(P《0.01),表明氟苯尼考长效制剂对鸡大肠杆菌病的治疗有很好的疗效并有较好的应用前景.