水稻规模化经营主体产加销一体化发展现状分析及对策建议——以浙江省建德市为例

近年来,随着粮食生产成本的增加,粮食规模生产主体开始延长产业链,发展产加销一体化经营,以增加种粮效益,进一步稳定粮食生产。建德市位于浙江省西部,粮食生产面积较小,但通过采取多项措施,全面推广应用新品种、新技术、新模式,培育“粮二代”,带动了全市粮食产加销一体化发展,进一步提升稻米品质、增加种粮效益、稳定粮食播种面积,粮食生产取得显著成效,曾获“全国粮食生产先进县”“浙江省粮食生产先进县（市）”称号。本文分析了建德市粮食生产以及水稻规模化生产的现状,提出水稻规模化经营主体产加销一体化发展的对策建议。     

湖州市粮食生产回顾与发展对策分析

回顾了改革开放以来湖州市粮食生产发展的历程,分析了当前面临的主要问题,提出了稳定发展湖州市粮食生产的对策建议,即,提高思想认识,加强组织领导;加强基础建设,提升综合能力;强化技术融合,推进模式创新;加大政策扶持,调动粮农积极性。     

福州市种粮大户发展现状及扶持对策

分析阐述了福州市种粮大户发展现状,及其在发展粮食生产中的作用与面临的困难,并提出了扶持种粮大户发展的对策建议。     

娄底市发展粮食生产的意义与对策

系统研究了娄底发展粮食生产,确保粮食安全的必要性,提出了实行粮食生产行政首长负责制,建立粮食生产发展基金;加大粮食生产宣传力度,大力宣传推介粮食生产先进典型;坚定不移地保护基本口粮田,加大水利设施与农田基础设施建设投资力度;建立健全粮食生产防灾减灾体系,全面推广水稻轻简栽培技术与农业机械化耕作技术;建立合理的粮食价格调控机制,大力发展粮食产业化经营;推进农业服务体系改革,稳定和加强农技服务体系建设的发展粮食生产的对策措施。     

提高粮食生产经济效益的途径探讨

众所周知,人们要生活,国民经济要发展,要求粮食不断增长。而目前粮食生产经济效益低,这是今后粮食生产持续稳定发展的主要障碍因子。提高粮食生产经济效益势在必行。衡量经济效益的指标很多,其重点是提高单位面积产值和产投比值,也就是要寻求高产、优质、低耗的高效益途径。     

我国粮食七连增与水稻生产发展启示

本文全面分析了我国粮食“七连增”过程中，全国粮食生产的品种结构和区域结构变化，及我国粮食增产的构成及因素，提出了进一步促进我国水稻生产稳定发展的建议。     

新阶段双峰县发展粮食生产的思考

介绍了双峰县粮食产业--水稻生产的现状,分析了当前水稻产业开发中存在的问题,提出了推进双峰粮食产业发展的对策,即:切实保护和提高粮食生产能力;加大农业投入,提高生产效益;大兴技术创新,提高粮食单产;扶持龙头企业,推进粮食产业化进程.     

我国粮食生产近况及其发展策略

利用1993-2008年全国31个省(区)主要粮食作物的总产、农村劳动力、农业物质生产条件、农业投入情况等数据,进行了相关、偏相关及逐步回归分析。2001-2008年我国粮食总产在不断增加中起主要作用的是玉米,水稻、小麦起到了稳产的作用;水稻和玉米播种面积的增加、玉米单产的提高是近8年我国粮食总产增加的关键因子;乡村劳动力人数、农业机械总动力、化肥施用量和治碱面积对我国粮食总产有重要影响。并提出了"稳定播种面积,提高单位面积产量;突出粮食大作物,明确区域重点;转移农村劳动力,增加农业关键投入"的今后我国粮食发展策略。     

福州加大机插补贴标准促进水稻机插秧

为提高福州市水稻生产机械化水平,充分发挥政策引导效应,4月22日,福州市农业局印发《2013年水稻机械化育插秧生产补贴实施方案》。《方案》对福州市范围内开展水稻机械化育插秧生产的农户或农民组织实行补贴,根据水稻机插秧的实     

福建省粮食综合生产能力现状分析

本文试图从耕地、资本、技术、劳动力、政策制度等6个方面分析福建省粮食综合生产能力的现状,提出提高福建省粮食综合生产能力的途径主要在于相对稳定耕地面积,稳步提高耕地产出能力,大力加强科技支撑和完善粮食生产政策等.     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。