猪伪狂犬病病毒鲁A株的分离鉴定

从山东省某些猪场疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑及内脏中分离到多株病毒，对其中一代表毒株进行了全面鉴定。该分离毒株在兔肾原代细胞(RK)上和鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)上连传5代．均出现典型细胞病变．再接种于RK-13细胞、BHK-21细胞、Vero细胞、PK15细胞和143TK细胞，均出现典型细胞病变；在RK-13细胞上的TCID50为10^-0.52/0．1mL；在电镜下可见到典型的伪狂犬病病毒粒子；对氯仿、乙醚敏感，56℃30min灭活；能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和；病毒接种于家兔和小鼠，均出现典型伪狂犬病症状与病变；提取所分离病毒的DNA作为模板。应用特异性引物，以PCR方法可扩增出伪狂犬病病毒gD基因中272～534nt之间262bp长的特异性片段。上述结果证明，所分离病毒为猪伪狂犬病病毒，并将其命名为猪伪狂犬病病毒鲁A株。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒LA株的分离鉴定

从辽宁省某猪场大批死亡的新生仔猪脑及内脏中分离到多株病毒 ,通过初步验证后选择其中一代表毒株进行了鉴定。该病毒株在PK -1 5细胞上连续传 1 2代均出现典型的细胞病变 ,用适应PK -1 5细胞的病毒接种Vero细胞、猪肾传代细胞IBRS -2及SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞均出现典型的细胞病变。在电镜下可见到典型的伪狂犬病病毒粒子。该病毒对氯仿、乙醚敏感 ,在pH5 0～ 9 0下稳定 ,5 6℃ 3 0分钟即可灭活该病毒。该病毒能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和。取处理后的病料上清液和传代病毒接种家兔均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状。用所分离病毒提取的DNA及培养病毒液经简单的预处理后作为模板 ,应用特异性引物进行PCR能扩增出伪狂犬病病毒 1 2 40bp的gD基因的特异性片段。结果表明 ,所分离病毒为伪狂犬病病毒 ,并将该毒株命名为猪伪狂犬病病毒LA株。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒LA株的分离鉴定

从辽宁省某猪场大批死亡的新生仔猪脑及内脏中分离到多株病毒，通过初步验证后选择其中一代表毒株进行了鉴定。该病毒株在PK-15细胞上连续传12代均出现典型的细胞病变，用适应PK-15细胞的病毒接种Veto细胞、猪肾传代细胞IBRS-2及SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞均出现典型的细胞病变。在电镜下可见到典型的伪狂犬病病毒粒子。该病毒对氯仿、乙醚敏感，在pH5．0-9．0下稳定，56℃30分钟即可灭活该病毒。该病毒能被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性．血清中和。取处理后的病料上清液和传代病毒接种家兔均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状。用所分离病毒提取的DNA及培养病毒液经简单的预处理后作为模板，应用特异性引物进行PCR能扩增出伪狂犬病病毒1240bp的gD基因的特异性片段。结果表明，所分离病毒为伪狂犬病病毒，并将该毒株命名为猪伪狂犬病病毒IA株。     

云南省红河州猪伪狂犬病病原分离鉴定

从云南省红河州猪繁殖障碍症较为严重的部分地区大批死亡的新生仔猪和流产胎儿的脑及内脏中分离到了2株病毒。该病毒株在猪肾传代细胞PK-15和兔肾传代细胞RK-6上连传9代均出现典型细胞病变;病毒测定在PK-15细胞上的半数感染量为10-7.3/0.1ml;该病毒能被PRV标准阳性血清中和;病毒接种家兔和小白鼠均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状。从细胞分离物中提取DNA作为模板,应用PRV特异性引物,进行聚合酶链式反应扩增,两株毒株均出现长约262bp的目标扩增条带,与阳性对照一致。结果表明,所分离病毒为伪狂犬病病毒,并将该毒株命名为猪PRV/HH06株和PRV/HH09株。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及其gE基因序列分析

从福建省某猪场疑似伪狂犬病的发病3日龄仔猪的脑、肺脏中分离到1株病毒.该病毒接种家兔出现了典型的伪狂犬病症状,接种PK-15细胞36 h后出现了圆缩、集聚、脱落等典型的细胞病变,猪伪狂犬病病毒阳性血清能特异性中和该分离病毒.根据已发表的伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)gE基因的序列,设计并合成了一对引物,采用PCR方法可扩增特异性298 bp的DNA片段.测序结果与GenBank中有代表性的6株参考毒株相应基因序列比较,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为95.5%~99%和91.8%~98%.系统进化树结果表明分离株与湖北分离株Ea株亲缘关系最近.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒北京株的分离鉴定

从北京某猪场疑似猪伪狂犬病发病死亡仔猪脑及内脏中分离到1株病毒并进行了鉴定。该分离毒株接种ST细胞24 h后出现圆缩、聚集、脱落等典型的细胞病变(CPE);分离毒株能够被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和;分离病毒接种家兔后,引起家兔出现奇痒等典型的伪狂犬病临床症状;同时根据GenBank公布的PRV的gD基因设计引物并扩增出特异性的目的片段,扩增产物经过测序比较,表明扩增产物序列为猪伪狂犬病病毒基因序列。以上结果证实该病毒为猪伪狂犬病病毒,依据分离地点命名为猪伪狂犬病病毒北京株。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒HB-11株的分离鉴定及gC基因的分析

将某猪场发病死亡猪的脑和肺组织接种BHK-21细胞,连传5代均出现典型细胞病变,表明分离到1株病毒,病毒含量为108. 33TCID50/mL。该毒株能被猪伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和,接种家兔、小鼠和仔猪均出现典型伪狂犬病症状,表明分离株为猪伪狂犬病病毒,命名为PRV HB-11株。gC基因的遗传进化分析显示,HB-11株与近年来流行的变异株同源性为99. 3%~99. 4%,与Bartha株的同源性为94. 8%,其gC基因序列相对于Bartha株序列有7个连续氨基酸的插入(158AAASTPA164),该突变插入的生物学意义有待于进一步研究。     

貉源伪狂犬病毒Rac 1株的分离鉴定

为分析近年我国人工养殖貉出现疑似伪狂犬病症状的病因,本研究从病死的貉脑组织中分离到一株病毒并对其进行了系统鉴定。结果显示,该病毒分离株在MDCK细胞中传代呈现出疱疹病毒特征的细胞病变。电镜观察可见直径150 nm~180 nm,带有囊膜的病毒粒子。以猪抗伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)阳性血清为一抗,对病毒分离株进行间接免疫荧光试验,结果呈阳性。该病毒分离株对氯仿、胰酶敏感,在pH5~9的环境中稳定,对热具有较强的耐受性。动物试验均出现典型的伪狂犬病症状。分子生物学检测分析结果表明,本研究所分离的病毒株为PRV,并将其命名为貉源PRV Rac 1株。本研究为预防和控制貉伪狂犬病提供了依据。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒NP株的分离鉴定

2013年下半年,福建某免疫接种过猪伪狂犬病疫苗(Bartha)的规模化猪场大批妊娠母猪发生流产、新生仔猪发生共济失调的神经症状,疑似为猪伪狂犬病病毒感染发病症状,为确定发病原因,从该猪场疑似伪狂犬病病毒感染的仔猪脑、肝脏和肺脏中分离到一株未知病毒,PCR检测及测序比对鉴定为猪伪狂犬病病毒,并将分离的病毒命名为NP株。用Reed-Muench法测定分离株病毒的组织细胞半数感染量(TCID50)为10-9.13/0.1mL,动物攻毒试验出现猪伪狂犬病病毒感染的典型症状。试验结果表明,成功分离到一株猪伪狂犬病病毒毒株,为研究福建省猪群伪狂犬病病毒分子流行病学奠定基础。     

一株水貂源伪狂犬病毒株的分离鉴定

从辽宁大连疑似水貂伪狂犬病发病死亡水貂脑、内脏中及饲喂的猪肝中分离到1株病毒并进行了鉴定。该分离毒株接种BHK-21细胞24 h后出现圆缩、聚集、脱落等典型的细胞病变(CPE);分离毒株能够被伪狂犬病病毒标准阳性血清中和;分离病毒接种家兔后,引起家兔出现奇痒等典型的伪狂犬病临床症状;同时根据Gen Bank公布的PRV的Tg ET基因设计引物并扩增出特异性的目的片段,扩增产物经过测序比较,表明扩增产物序列为猪伪狂犬病毒g E基因序列。以上结果表明,该病毒为伪狂犬病毒,依据来源确定为水貂源性伪狂犬病病毒株。     

一例猪伪狂犬病毒的分离和鉴定

从送检的2日龄病猪脑部分离到1株病毒。该病毒接种的Balb／c小鼠出现了典型的伪狂犬病症状,接种BHK-21细胞48h后出现了圆缩、集聚,脱落等典型的细胞病变,猪狂犬病毒阳性血清能特异性的中和该分离病毒。根据GenBank公布的PRV的gE基因设计的引物能扩增出特异性片段,证实该病毒为伪狂犬病毒。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒GXBB株的分离鉴定及gE基因的克隆分析

从广西玉林博白某猪场采集的发病仔猪大脑和内脏病料中分离到一株病毒。病毒接种家兔后引起典型的奇痒、神经症状,接种PK-15细胞出现典型的细胞病变,病毒效价（TCID₅₀）为10^-7.22/0.1 ml。设计扩增PRV gE胞外区基因的引物,能扩增出约947 bp的特异性片段,将扩增出的目的片段进行克隆、测序,并与国内外不同PRV毒株进行分析比较,发现该毒株与国内MinA株、Ea株、SH株、LA株、GXB株、GXW株核苷酸同源性在98.7%～99.4%之间,氨基酸同源性在98.1%～99.1%之间,上述结果证实该分离毒株为伪狂犬病病毒,命名为GXBB株。GXBB株与国内流行毒株同源性很高,说明目前广西PRV流行株变异不大。这为下一步广西伪狂犬病的预防和净化工作提供科学的理论基础。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒变异毒株HeNZK-2014的分离鉴定及gE基因序列分析

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）变异毒株的特点,本研究采集临床疑似PRV感染发病猪的淋巴结等组织样品进行PCR鉴定,选取仅PRV阳性的组织样品经研磨除菌后取上清接种于PK-15细胞进行病毒分离培养、蚀斑纯化、PCR和间接免疫荧光法（IFA）鉴定,采用Reed-Muench法测定PRV的TCID₅₀,接种小鼠并观察临床症状,对纯化的PRV和死亡小鼠脑组织样品进行gE基因PCR扩增及测序分析。结果显示,PRV阳性病料接种于PK-15细胞24 h后出现典型细胞病变（CPE）,经3轮蚀斑纯化后PCR和IFA鉴定结果均为阳性,分离株命名为HeNZK-2014,其TCID₅₀为10^-9.77/0.1 mL;以1×10⁸个TCID₅₀病毒悬液接种小鼠22 h后可引起小鼠出现奇痒、撕咬、死亡等典型猪伪狂犬病症状,死亡小鼠脑组织样品PRV PCR检测结果为阳性;纯化病毒和死亡小鼠脑组织样品gE基因核苷酸序列同源性为100.0%,与GenBank中2011年以前登录的经典毒株位于不同分支,与2011年之后中国流行毒株位于同一分支,在第48和496位各有1个天冬氨酸（D）的插入,具有变异毒株的典型特征。本研究成功分离了1株PRV变异毒株,为进一步开展针对PRV变异毒株的疫苗及其防控研究奠定了基础。     

猪伪狂犬病病毒HP-SY2022株的分离鉴定

为了解猪伪狂犬病病毒(Pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒株的特点,本研究对沈阳某养殖场疑似感染PRV的组织病料进行PCR鉴定、病毒分离和纯化、gD、gE基因序列测定及分析、动物回归实验。结果显示：分离株能在ST细胞中产生典型的细胞病变,且PCR显示为PRV阳性;通过gD、gE基因进行序列分析发现,分离株与2011年后分离的PRV变异株位于同一进化分支;氨基酸位点分析发现分离株与PRV变异株具有相同的变异模式。进一步研究其致病性,将纯化后的病毒液接种PRV抗体阴性21日龄健康仔猪,感染仔猪出现典型的PR症状,如呼吸困难、转圈、流涎和划水动作,且在试验期内仔猪全部发病(5/5),其中4头死亡(4/5)。综上,本研究成功分离到一株PRV变异株,将其命名为HP-SY2022。这一研究为丰富我国PRV分子流行病学及后续的免疫防控提供了参考。     

Isolation and Identification of Variant HeNZK-2014 of Pseudorabies Virus and Sequence Analysis of gE Gene

In order to learn the situation of pig pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant in this study, tissue samples such as lymph nodes which were collected from clinical pigs with suspected PRV infection were identified by PCR. PRV positive sample were inoculated on PK-15 cells after grinding and degerming, with further experiment including virus isolation, plague purification, PCR and IFA identification, TCID₅₀ confirmed by Reed-Muench method, inoculation test and observation of clinical symptoms in mice. The gE gene of purified PRV and brain tissue samples of dead mice were identified by sequencing analysis. The results showed that the virus grown on PK-15 cells could produce typical cytopathic effect (CPE) after 24 h; After three rounds of plaque purification,the isolate was PRV positive identified by PCR and IFA, and nominated as HeNZK-2014; The TCID₅₀ of the isolate was 10^-9.77/0.1 mL; The virus in 1×10⁸ TCID₅₀ inoculation was able to cause itching, tearing, death in infected mice, and PRV could be detected in tissues of dead mice; The molecular genetic variation analysis of gE gene by PCR amplification and clone sequencing indicated that the gE gene from brain tissue of infected mice shared 100.0% homology with HeNZK-2014, and located in a relatively independent branch with newly pandemic isolates in recent years after 2011, but was far from the classical strains before 2011, and both had two insertion of aspartic acid (D) at sites of 48 and 496 amino acids, which were considered to be the typical characteristics of PRV variants. This study successfully isolated a PRV variant, which laid a foundation for further research on vaccine development, prevention and control against PRV variants.     

Experimental infection of pigs with a thymidine kinase negative strain of pseudorabies virus

Sixteen 20 day old pigs, devoid of neutralizing antibody to pseudorabies virus (PRV), were divided into two groups of eight, and the animals of each group were housed in a separate unit. In each group 6 pigs were inoculated intranasally with the thymidine kinase (TK⁻) mutant (Group 1) or the field strain of PRV (Group 2), each pig receiving an inoculum of 4 ml. The remaining 2 pigs in each group served as uninoculated controls. The only clinical sign observed in the pigs of Group 1 was a transient febrile reaction, in the case of six pigs inoculated with the TK⁻ mutant of PRV, whereas no signs of disease were seen in the uninoculated controls. The virus was isolated from the 6 infected pigs of the group only on post infection day (PID) 2, whereas it was never isolated from the controls. By contrast, the pigs of Group 2, had a severe clinical response and one, among those that were inoculated with the field strain of the PRV, died on PID 9. Virus was consistently isolated from all pigs of Group 2, inoculated and control. On PID 30 all pigs, i.e. the 8 of Group 1 and 7 of the Group 2 which survived to the infection, were subjected to dexamethasone (DMS) treatment. After DMS treatment virus was never isolated from the nasal swabbings obtained from the pigs of Group 1, whereas it was consistently isolated from pigs of Group 2. After 30 d from the start of DMS treatment the pigs were killed and several tissues were collected from each pig for virus detection, by isolation in tissue culture and by PCR analysis. At necropsy no lesions were found in pigs of Group 1, whereas acute pneumonia and gliosis in the trigeminal ganglia were observed in pigs of Group 2. Virus was never isolated from any of the tissues taken from pigs of both, Group 1 and Group 2, nevertheless sequences of PRV were detected by PCR analysis in the trigeminal ganglia of the pigs of both Groups.     

猪伪狂犬病病毒的分离鉴定及免疫原性初步研究

采集浙江某猪场疑似猪伪狂犬病发病仔猪的脑、脾脏等组织病料,经PCR检测为猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)野毒感染,用BHK-21细胞进行病毒的分离培养,结果显示该病毒能引起典型的细胞病变,第4代病毒液毒价达10^7.0 TCID_50/mL;PCR和动物回归试验结果表明该分离株为PRV,并将其命名为PRV ZJ株。将第4代病毒液制备成油乳剂灭活苗,免疫2 kg左右家兔,免疫后28 d采血并攻毒,测定其免疫原性,结果显示血清中和指数为13490,保护率为100%。本试验结果表明PRV ZJ株有很好的免疫原性,为进一步开展疫苗研究奠定基础。     

The response of pigs inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) pseudorabies virus to challenge infection with virulent virus

12 Large-White-Landrace piglets were subdivided in four groups of 3 and housed in separate units. The piglets of three groups were inoculated with the 86/27V 6C2 thymidine kinase negative (TK-) mutant of pseudorabies virus (PRV), by different routes. A second inoculation with the same mutant was given to the pigs 21 days later. The animals of a fourth group were left as uninoculated controls. 21 days following the second inoculation with the TK- mutant all pigs were challenge infected with the virulent PRV. On post challenge day (PCD) 30 all pigs were killed and samples for virus detection and histology were taken from several organs. The inoculated TK- mutant of PRV did not induce any ill effects in the pigs except a transient febrile reaction in some animals. Virus was recovered from nasal swabbings from one pig 2 days after the first inoculation of the mutant. After challenge exposure with virulent PRV, the TK- mutant-inoculated pigs were apparently protected, whereas the control pigs all were severely affected and recovered very slowly over 3 weeks. Virus was isolated from the nasal swabbings from the TK- mutant-inoculated pigs on PCDs 2 and 4, whereas the nasal swabbings from the control piglets were all positive for virus from PCD 2 through PCD 10. DNA analysis of the virus recovered showed a pattern identical to that of the virulent PRV. Histologic lesions were found in the respiratory and the central nervous systems, however, the lesions in the TK- mutant-inoculated pigs were much milder compared to those registered for the control pigs. Virus was not isolated from any of the tissue samples that were tested, but viral DNA with sequences typical of PRV genome was detected by PCR in all samples of trigeminal ganglia from either the TK- mutant-inoculated pigs or from the controls.     

伪狂犬病弱毒株的分离鉴定及生物学特性的研究

在流行病学调查中分离到1株病毒,经鉴定为伪狂犬病弱毒株,定名为F971株。分离病毒经克隆纯化后测得其毒价为10^7.59TCID50/ml,通过细胞中和试验表明分离病毒能也有效地被猪伪狂犬病毒闽A株阳性血清中和。病毒在电镜下可以清楚地观察到囊膜及外周纤突。分离株对3日龄乳鼠有一定的致病力,但对家兔、3日龄乳猪及妊娠母猪都有很高的安全性。用不同的剂量10^0、10^-1、10^-2肌肉注射3日龄乳猪后14天用10^5.7TCID50伪狂犬病强毒攻击,所有试验仔猪均得到保护。用分离株免疫母猪,其后代可获高滴度的母源抗体,15日龄的仔猪能抵御10^5.7TCID50强毒的攻击。用ELISA普查试剂盒测定免疫猪抗体,结果均为阳性,而用g^1-ELISA试剂盒测定抗体时,结果均为阴性。证明分离株具有缺损g^1糖蛋白的特性。综合上述特性,确定F971为1株g^1糖蛋白缺损的猪伪狂犬病弱毒株。