几种天然助剂配苦参碱防治棉花伏蚜的增效作用

为了提高苦参碱对棉花伏蚜的防治效果和持效期,同时又确保农产品质量安全.利用褐藻胶、黄原胶等天然助剂加入苦参碱中防治棉花蚜虫.试验结果表明,药后30天,褐藻胶处理、黄原胶处理的防治效果仍在90％以上,褐藻胶、黄原胶作为天然助剂对苦参碱防治棉蚜表现出显著的增效作用,具有广阔的应用前景.     

40%炔螨特乳油防治棉红蜘蛛效果试验

应用40％炔螨特乳油防治棉红蜘蛛田间试验结果表明，本品对棉红蜘蛛具有良好的防治效果。在棉红蜘蛛发生期应用此乳油900ml／hm^2喷雾防治，防效可达93％，持续期10天以上。     

40%乐果防治龙眼角颊木虱试验

在广东高州地区药剂防治龙眼角颊木虱的试验表明：４０％乐果乳油１０倍稀释民扎龙眼树茎干和４０％乐果乳油８００倍稀释液喷雾施药都取得较好的防治。施药后第１３天，若虫相对残余率分别为９．９％＾和３０．２％，包扎法施药显著优于喷雾施药。     

麦套棉红蜘蛛大发生原因及防治技术

本文从棉红蜘蛛自身生物学特性、棉花抗虫性和麦棉套种棉田生态因素变化分析，探讨了棉红蜘蛛大发生的原因，并提出了以压低越冬螨基数为基础，控制苗期螨害为重点，蕾铃期防治不放松，农业防治、生物防治、化学防治等多种措施综合应用的防治策略和几点具体防治措施     

农药复配剂防治棉铃虫的效果

为了延长农药的使用寿命 ,提高对棉铃虫的防治效果 ,减少用药量和减轻环境污染 ,保护天敌 ,1 993～ 1 998年笔者对防治棉铃虫农药的复配技术和应用效果进行了研究。1　供试材料1 .1　供试农药品种( 1 ) 97%乐果原粉、40 %乐果乳油 ;( 2 ) 76%氧化乐果原油、40 %氧化乐果乳油 ;( 3) 86%马拉硫磷原油 ;( 4 ) 98%晶体敌百虫原粉 ;( 5) 90 %对硫磷原油、50 %对硫磷乳油 ;( 6) 94%甲基对硫磷原油、50 %甲基对硫磷乳油 ;( 7) 99.6%甲胺磷原油、50 %甲胺磷乳油 ;( 8) 95%灭多威原粉、50 %灭多威乳油 ;( 9) 90 %水胺硫磷原油、40 %水胺硫磷乳油 ;( 1…     

新农药棉安磷防治棉花害虫试验

近年来,棉花害虫对甲胺磷、三氯杀螨醇(简称杀螨醇)及拟除虫菊酯类等常用农药产生了不同程度的抗性,防效渐差。为了寻找比较理想的新农药取而代之,我们于1992年进行了20%棉安磷乳油防治棉叶螨(俗称棉红蜘蛛)、棉叶蝉、棉蚜(秋蚜、下同)棉蓟马、棉铃虫的效果试验。现将初步结果报告如下。     

江西棉红蜘蛛的消长规律及其抗性种群的防治方法

棉红蜘蛛是我省棉区的重要害虫,特别是近几年来发生早、密度大,已成为棉花生产上的大敌。在防治工作中,一不注意,便暴发成灾,严重影响棉花生产,据各地反映:棉红蜘蛛对常规药剂(如1605、1059等有机磷剂),已产生明显的抗性,给防治上带来了很大的困难。因此,掌握棉红蜘蛛的发生     

新入侵害虫螺旋粉虱的田间药效试验及防效

螺旋粉虱(Aleurodicus disperses Russell)是新入侵我国海南省的l种外来有害生物,对农业生产和生态环境具有较大危害性.田间防治研究结果表明:10%(质量分数,以下各农药浓度均为质量分数)联苯菊酯乳油、10%高效灭百可乳油、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油等3种菊酯类杀虫剂对螺旋粉虱均表现出良好的速效性和持效性,其中又以10%高效灭百可乳油防效最高,为98.32%～100%;40%乐果乳油、30%敌百虫乳油和40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油等3种有机磷类农药的防效以40%乙酰甲胺磷乳油较好,但都低于上述3种菊酯类农药的防效;98%巴丹粉剂速效性较好,持效性较低;18%杀虫双水剂的速效性和持效性均较差.     

不同种类杀虫剂对线虫的选择毒性研究

通过采集标样，分离得到头叶线虫，并对此线虫进行培养，获得大批量线虫，作为供试线虫，在室内对几种不同类型杀虫剂进行毒力测定。结果表明：50％辛硫磷乳油、40％氧乐果乳油、50％对硫磷乳油、40．7％乐斯本乳油对头叶线虫具有一定的杀线虫活性，好于其它药剂，同时指出评价一种药剂杀线虫能力的高低还应进行田间试验。     

河北省植棉区棉红蜘蛛防治措施

一定时间的持续干旱会造成棉红蜘蛛繁殖增速,为害格外猖撅,甚至造成缺苗毁种。为了减少河北省局部棉田常发性害虫棉红蜘蛛的为害,特提出了防治河北省棉田主要害虫棉红蜘蛛"在定苗前期以农业防治为主,在定苗后使用化学药剂将棉红蜘蛛消灭在棉叶被害出现黄白斑点之前"的农业与药剂相结合的具体措施。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。