鸭疫里默氏杆菌病防治

正1流行病学鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是强传染性、高死亡率的细菌性传染病,多见于1～8周龄雏鸭,2～3周龄雏鸭发病风险较高,成鸭发病较少。鸭疫里默氏杆菌病多发于春夏、秋冬交替时节,当环境改变,雏鸭免疫力低下时,其易发生鸭疫里默氏杆菌病。鸭疫里默氏杆菌病传播途径较多,病菌可通过种蛋、呼吸道及饮水、饲料等传播。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的流行病学调查诊治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病又称鸭传染性浆膜炎,其病原为鸭疫里默氏杆菌、革兰氏阴性菌.该病是近几年造成肉鸭严重死亡的主要疾病之一.笔者对门诊资料记载的171例鸭病进行了统计分析,其中鸭疫里默氏杆菌病83例,占48.54%,现将该病的流行病学调查和诊断治疗情况报道如下:     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌血凝素基因的克隆、表达及其蛋白的定位分析

为研究鸭疫里默氏杆菌(R.anatipestifer)血凝素蛋白的功能,本实验克隆表达了鸭疫里默氏杆菌血凝素基因,并对其蛋白定位进行了分析。根据鸭疫里默氏杆菌CH3株血凝素基因序列设计一对特异性引物,采用PCR扩增不同血清型鸭疫里默氏杆菌的血凝素基因,进行序列测定与分析。结果表明其血凝素基因全长1 059 bp,编码352个氨基酸。不同血清型鸭疫里默氏杆菌血凝素间的氨基酸同源性为94.1%～100%,与黄杆菌3519-10株血凝素的氨基酸同源性为68.0%～68.9%。采用表达的血凝素蛋白免疫鼠血清和鸭抗鸭疫里默氏杆菌阳性血清对血凝素在细菌中的定位分析表明,鸭疫里默氏杆菌血凝素可能不是一种膜蛋白,而是存在于胞浆中的一种蛋白。     

浅谈鸭疫里默氏杆菌病及其防控措施

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病又称鸭传染性浆膜炎,由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起,是一种急性、慢性细菌性传染病。各日龄阶段鸭均能感染,2～3周龄鸭感染后死亡率最高。鸭场一旦发病,细菌可长期存在,很难根除,给养鸭业造成了严重的经济损失。文章综述了鸭疫里默氏杆菌的病原、流行病学、临床症状、病理变化、诊断及防控措施,以期为鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的防控提供参考。     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的临床症状、诊断与防治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌感染引起的鸭、鹅等家禽的一种接触性传染性,临床症状以纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎为主,可导致患病家禽体重降低、产蛋量下降,甚至死亡,从而造成严重的经济损失.本文对鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的流行病学、临床症状、诊治方法和预防措施等方面进行综述,旨在为日常生产中鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的防治工作提供参考.     

广东地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌RAPD分型研究

为了解广东地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌的流行情况,研究采用随机引物初步建立了鸭疫里默氏杆菌RAPD扩增多态性方法,对分离自广东地区的20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行鉴定。结果显示:20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌产生16种不同的指纹图谱;有些鸭场存在两种或两种以上基因型的菌株并且不同鸭场流行基因型不一样。该结果可为该地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的防治提供参考。鸭疫里默氏杆菌RAPD指纹图谱存在丰富的多样性,可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌的快速基因分型及分子流行病学调查。     

1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及基因组文库的构建

从临床病鸭中分离并鉴定了1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌,并在提取鸭疫里默氏杆菌的基因组DNA后,用Sau3A I酶切,回收大小为0．07～4 kb的片段;将酶切片段与酶切的质粒载体pRSET连接后,电转化大肠杆菌Rosetta,成功构建了1型鸭疫里默氏杆菌的基因组文库,经检测库容量约为40000个。随机筛选30个单菌落,用pRSET通用引物进行PCR鉴定,统计结果显示插入片段的大小93．3％在1～3 kb范围内,成功构建了鸭疫里默氏杆菌基因组文库,为鸭疫里默氏杆菌功能基因的克隆及鉴定奠定了基础。     

广东地区鸭疫里默氏杆菌的分离鉴定及双重PCR检测方法的建立

对来自广东地区疑似鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的病鸭组织进行了病原菌的分离培养和生化鉴定,确定得到20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌,动物回归试验结果表明,分离的鸭疫里默氏杆菌具有很强的致病性.对这20株鸭疫里默氏杆菌进行的药敏试验表明,分离株已广泛产生耐药性.参照已经发表的2对引物以细菌全菌体为模板建立双重PCR方法,结果均能扩增出2条目的片段,经测序证实为鸭疫里默氏杆菌,而对鸭源大肠杆菌、鸭源禽多杀性巴氏杆菌、鸭源沙门菌和鸭源葡萄球菌的扩增结果均为阴性.说明建立的双重PCR方法能快速、准确的检测出鸭疫里默氏杆菌,并具有高度特异性,可用于鸭疫里默氏杆菌的快速鉴定和快速诊断.     

一例雏鹅鸭疫里默氏杆菌病的诊治

雏鹅鸭疫里默氏杆菌病是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的一种接触性传染病,该病病原主要侵害2～7周龄的鹅、鸭,又称为鸭传染性浆膜炎、鸭疫巴氏杆菌病。该病连年来在本地区时有发生,常会引起大批雏鹅发病、死亡,造成较大的经济损失,已成为危害养鹅业的主要传染病之一。现将笔者对雏鹅感染鸭疫里默氏杆菌的诊治情况介绍如下：     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病与大肠杆菌病混合感染的综合防治

鸭疫里默氏杆菌病,又名鸭传染性浆膜炎或鸭疫巴氏杆菌病,是由鸭疫里默氏杆菌引起的接触性传染病,主要侵害雏鸭、雏鹅,是近几年水禽饲养场普遍存在、广泛流行的疫病之一,尤其是该病和埃希氏大肠杆菌病混合感染,对水禽生产造成严重威胁。1病原特性鸭疫里默氏杆菌是革兰氏阴性、不     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.