氮气用于兽用疫苗的保存试验

为达到延长兽用弱毒冻干疫苗保存期的目的,进行了用安瓿分装冻干疫苗并充氮气后熔封的试验。将鸡新城疫低毒力活疫苗和猪瘟活疫苗用安瓿分装冻干,安瓿拉丝灌封机充盈氮气后熔封。同等条件冻干的疫苗,分别对充氮气安瓿和抽真空安瓿进行了病毒含量测定,结果显示：鸡新城疫低毒力活疫苗（La Sota株）25℃放置14 d,检测病毒含量（EID50）,抽真空的安瓿病毒含量为106.545,充氮气的安瓿病毒含量为106.625;2℃～8℃放置17 d,抽真空的安瓿病毒含量107.68,充氮气的安瓿病毒含量107.5。猪瘟活疫苗（Ι）在25℃和37℃最长放置7 d,抽真空和充氮气安瓿均能达到合格的判定标准。说明在较高温度条件下,抽真空与充氮气保存的样品病毒含量基本一致,充氮气对兽用活疫苗冻干保存效果与真空保存的效果基本相同。使用充氮气方法保存疫苗,不仅避开了兽用疫苗管制玻璃瓶由于保存几年后部分胶塞变形造成失真空的问题,而且使用机械对安瓿充氮气和熔封,免去人工熔封安瓿的麻烦。     

鸡新城疫耐热冻干保护剂活疫苗试验

用耐热冻干保护剂冻干的鸡新城疫（LaSota系）活疫苗，在37℃环境下放置14d，疫苗的病毒含量EID50由10^9.1下降为10^8.1，在4℃环境下放置1年半，疫苗的病毒含量基本不变。     

鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗耐热保护剂筛选和优化

应用冻干制品加速热稳定试验,测试7组冻干保护剂配方对鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗（LaSota株＋H120株）的耐热保护效果。试验筛选出用于鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎二联活疫苗的耐热保护剂,使用该保护剂的疫苗表现为37℃保存10d,病毒含量下降0．4个滴度,常规疫苗下降2～2．4个滴度;25℃保存30d,病毒含量下降0．4～0．6个滴度,常规疫苗下降1．8～2．6个滴度。证明此保护剂具有良好的耐热效果。     

羊传染性脓疱皮炎弱毒苗耐热保护剂初步优化筛选试验研究

试验以羊传染性脓疱皮炎弱毒活疫苗为对象,依据冻干保护剂的保护功能,对耐热保护剂的组成、混合比例进行了初步筛选。通过反复试验,对其物理性状观察、水分含量测定、冻干前后病毒损失量、经37℃处理、25℃保存后病毒损失量等指标的比较进行筛选,优选出了符合要求的A3、A6、C4三个耐热保护剂配方。试验结果表明,使用保护剂的羊口疮疫苗在37℃保存20 d,病毒含量下降0.5~0.7个滴度,常规疫苗下降2.3个滴度;25℃保存60d,病毒含量下降0.3~0.6个滴度,常规疫苗下降2.5个滴度。从而证明了羊orf耐热活疫苗耐热效果优于常规疫苗。     

猪瘟无明胶无蛋白耐热活疫苗的研制及冻干工艺

为提高猪瘟(CSF)活疫苗的耐热性能,同时避免明胶和蛋白对猪只产生的免疫副反应,用葡聚糖、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、乳糖、氨基酸等成分设计无明胶无蛋白耐热保护剂,根据配方的共晶点、塌陷温度科学设计冻干程序,并比较了不同预冻方式对猪瘟活疫苗效价的影响。结果表明,猪瘟病毒采用无明胶无蛋白耐热保护剂配方A冻干后具有较好的耐热性能,37℃保存10,15d,病毒的耐热损失分别为0.6lg和0.9lg;对快冻、慢冻以及退火3种不同的冻干方式进行比较,发现对猪瘟病毒冻干损失由大到小依次为:退火慢冻快冻,而耐热损失则相反;与传统的含明胶含蛋白耐热疫苗相比,猪瘟无明胶无蛋白耐热疫苗耐热效果更好,可在2~8℃长期保存30个月,动物试验表明该疫苗对猪只安全、无副反应。     

鸡传染性支气管炎耐热活疫苗的研究

应用鸡传染性支气管炎病毒(H52株)与不同耐热保护剂配方和冻干曲线进行筛选.结果表明:采用冻干曲线2和耐热保护剂WXS冻干鸡传染性支气管炎病毒H52弱毒疫苗效果最佳.试制耐热活疫苗3批,其各项检验均符合要求.耐老化试验表明:经过37℃放置10d的每羽份病毒含量下降0.6～0.8个滴度,每羽份病毒含量达104.7～105.1EID50.保存期试验表明:2～8℃保存24个月疫苗每羽份病毒含量下降0.4～0.6个滴度,每羽份病毒达104.1～104.3EID50.疫苗2～8 ℃保存24个月后效检抗体水平达到1:16～1:32.免疫持续期试验表明:免疫21日龄SPF鸡,6个月后血清中和抗体效价达到1:32～1:64.田间试验表明临床观察无不良反应,安全有效.特异性试验表明耐热活疫苗抗原性不变.耐热保护剂生物学和理化特性表明保护剂安全、稳定,室温保存期达3个月.     

冻干活疫苗耐老化试验与保存期的相关性研究

将鸡痘活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎(H52)活疫苗和鸡新城疫(LaSota)活疫苗分别置于37℃和2~8℃条件下储存,在不同时间段检测其病毒滴度,发现鸡痘活疫苗、鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗和新城疫活疫苗在37℃条件下放置10d,病毒含量滴度分别为0.38、0.42和0.73,分别等同于2~8℃下放置24个月、21个月和24个月下降的病毒滴度程度。     

猪瘟淋脾毒(耐热保护剂)活疫苗的热稳定性研究

通过对3种不同配方的冻干保护剂和冻干曲线与猪瘟兔化弱毒相溶性的比较研究,成功研制了适用于猪瘟淋脾毒活疫苗的耐热保护剂.用这种保护剂生产的该疫苗经37 ℃保存10 d的耐老化试验及在2～8 ℃保存12个月后仍然符合产品质量标准的要求.经4 770余头份疫苗的田间试验,证明该产品安全、有效,且便于运输和使用,显示出良好的热稳定性能.     

羊传染性脓疱病毒耐热冻干保护剂筛选及冻干曲线优化

采用冻干试验筛选出保护剂基础配方,再通过Plackett-Burman设计法筛选主要保护剂基质,然后通过Box-Behnken响应面分析法对羊传染性脓疱病毒(ORFV)耐热保护剂配方进一步优化,用冻干试验进一步验证筛选出1种针对ORFV保护效果最好的耐热冻干保护剂作为疫苗用候选配方。同时,依据前期试验获得的活疫苗冻干曲线,通过进一步优化,获得疫苗最佳冻干曲线。利用该冻干工艺冻干的疫苗,保护剂的保护率可达95.3%,且疫苗各项指标均达到《中华人民共和国兽用生物制品规程》要求。经37℃保存7,15,30d病毒滴度分别下降0.46,0.70,1.00;2~8℃保存3,6,12,24个月病毒滴度分别下降0.10,0.10,0.40,0.60,证明此配方制备的疫苗具有良好的热稳定性。本试验解决了ORFV细胞弱毒疫苗仅能在低温条件下保存和运输的瓶颈技术问题,使疫苗的储存、运输更为方便。     

鸡传染性支气管炎活疫苗耐热保护剂的研究

应用冻干制品加速热稳定性试验,测试三组冻干保护剂配方对鸡传染性支气管炎(H120株)活疫苗的耐热保护效果。结果表明A配方的耐热保护剂效果最好,使用该保护剂的疫苗表现为37℃放置10d后,病毒含量下降在0.6~0.8个滴度。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.