山东部分大豆品种异黄酮含量的比较分析

以不同时期山东大豆品种为主,测定了25个国内外大豆品种的总异黄酮含量,结果表明,不同大豆品种的总异黄酮含量差异较大,其变幅为0.804~2.417 mg/g,同一组合的不同品种间总异黄酮含量差异较小,杂种后代的大豆异黄酮含量可能与其父母本的异黄酮含量有关;大豆异黄酮的遗传特性有待进一步研究。     

微量元素对大豆异黄酮含量的影响

笔者通过施用不同微量元素,对大豆子粒异黄酮含量的影响进行测定。结果表明,微量元素对不同大豆品种的异黄酮含量均有不同程度的影响。1试验材料与方法试验于2003年设在黑龙江农业职业技术学院试验地。土壤为草甸土,pH值6.4。土壤有机质含量3.43%、速效磷39.78mg/kg、速效钾202     

大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量的遗传初步分析

 选用6个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种,配制15个杂交组合,按随机区组设计,初步分析了大豆异黄酮含量的遗传。结果显示,杂种F2代异黄酮含量的遗传方式具有数量性状遗传特点,遗传机制呈累加作用;F1、F2代异黄酮含量一般介于双亲之间的中间型,F2代接近中亲值,且在大部分组合中表现杂种优势,也有部分超亲优势现象;F2代部分组合中的广义遗传力表现较高,可以在F2代进行初步的遗传选择;杂种后代与中亲值呈显著的正相关。     

晋豆19号大豆总异黄酮含量测定

晋豆19号是山西农业科学院作物遗传研究所大豆室选育的大豆优良品种,试验采用溶剂提取,紫外分光光度法测定该品种大豆中总异黄酮的含量。提取试验采用优化提取工艺,提高了方法的回收率,降低了能耗,并且产品中无有机试剂残留。含量测定采用紫外分光光度仪,用标准曲线法测定该品种大豆中总异黄酮含量。试验结果显示,晋豆19号大豆总异黄酮含量为0.757%,含量高于一般大豆品种。     

野生大豆与栽培大豆种子营养成分比较

以野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)为试验材料,分析了其种子营养成分。结果表明,野生大豆子粒中粗蛋白含量高于栽培大豆,粗脂肪、总糖、总异黄酮及粗纤维含量低于栽培大豆。野生大豆和栽培大豆中均检出10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸含量较高,野生大豆中硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸含量高于栽培大豆。野生大豆与栽培大豆均检出16种氨基酸,野生大豆的组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及赖氨酸含量高于栽培大豆。栽培大豆的总氨基酸含量高于野生大豆。     

大豆异黄酮及其组分含量的配合力和杂种优势

 为了能在大豆异黄酮及其组分的育种中合理选配亲本，利用杂种优势，本研究选用8个异黄酮含量不同的大豆品种采用NCⅡ设计配置杂交组合，对大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量进行遗传分析。研究结果表明，大豆籽粒异黄酮及其组分含量在供试品种间表现有明显的差异，籽粒异黄酮含量和黄豆甙元既受加性效应又受非加性效应的控制，染料木甙主要受非加性效应控制，染料木素、大豆甙元和大豆甙这3个性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制；不同亲本组配的不同组合的GCA和SCA差异较大。在中亲优势测定中，除黄豆甙元含量和大豆甙表现为正向超亲外，其余性状均表现为负向超亲。本研究认为在大豆高异黄酮育种中应选择高异黄酮材料作为亲本之一，选配组合时亲本最好采用高×高类型或高×低类型配置组合。     

吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量测定及其与大豆品质的相关性分析

[目的]建立一种采用高效液相色谱测定大豆籽粒中异黄酮含量的方法,并对大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量进行相关性分析。[方法]样品先用浓度80%甲醇提取,而后100℃水解;色谱分离使用反相C18分析柱二元高压梯度洗脱（分析时间25min）,柱温40℃;使用二极管阵列检测器检测,波长为260nm;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质和脂肪含量的相关性采用Origin6.0数据处理系统进行分析。[结果]经方法学验证建立的大豆异黄酮高效液相色谱方法准确、可靠;通过对85份吉林省栽培大豆品系的异黄酮含量测定,初步明确了吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量的特点及范围,大豆异黄酮含量变幅为2.29～4.89mg/g,平均含量为3.36mg/g,含量超过4mg/g的大豆品系5份;大豆异黄酮含量与蛋白质含量呈显著的负相关;大豆异黄酮含量与脂肪含量呈不显著的正相关。[结论]吉林省栽培大豆品系异黄酮含量较高,培育高异黄酮含量和高脂肪含量的大豆品种是可行的。     

大豆籽粒异黄酮含量与生态因子相关关系的研究

 2001～2002年在河南省夏大豆主产区的5个试点,以豫豆25号为材料分13期播种,将109个大豆样本的异黄酮含量与气象、土壤养分和海拔等33个生态因子进行了逐步回归统计分析。结果表明,9个生态因子与大豆异黄酮含量密切相关。并明确了在夏大豆鼓粒成熟期较低的均温和较大的昼夜温差有利于异黄酮的积累;在出苗期较多的日照和较低的均温有利于异黄酮的形成;出苗期降水与异黄酮含量呈二次抛物线曲线关系,75mm是最佳值;分枝期较小的昼夜温差利于异黄酮的形成;土壤中较高的有机质含量和较低的硫含量也有利于异黄酮含量的提高。在本     

异黄酮生物合成途径研究进展

大豆异黄酮是一类具有重要保健功能的酚类次级代谢物,是大豆品质的重要指标之一。在植物代谢过程中,大豆异黄酮的表达丰度具有组织和环境因子特异性,在植物生态防御、根瘤形成、人类健康方面具有重要作用。因此,提高大豆中的异黄酮含量对大豆品质改良有重要意义。该研究就大豆异黄酮生物合成途径研究进展做一综述。     

大豆及大豆制品中异黄酮的研究现状

异黄酮是一类具有重要生化活性的化合物，在大豆和大豆制品中含量丰富。本文综述了大豆及大豆制品中异黄酮的研究现状，主要包括：①大豆和大豆制品中异黄酮的结构、种类分布和含量；②品种和栽培环境对大豆中异黄酮含量和种类分布的影响；③加工对大豆制品中异黄酮含量和种类分布的影响；④大豆异黄酮的生理功能。     

Studies on the Correlations Between Isoflavone Contents in Soybean Seed and the Eco-Physiological Factors

The soybean cultivar Yudou25 was sown at 5 locations of Henan Province on 13 different dates in 2001 and 2002. The data of isoflavone contents for the 109 samples of soybean seed and 33 eco-physiological factors including meteorological factors, soil nutrition and altitudes were received and used for statistical analysis. The step-wise regression was used to screen the correlated factors, which significantly effected isoflavone contents. Results showed that 9 eco-physiological factors were highly correlated with isoflavones. Low mean temperature, high diurnal temperature range at seed filling and maturity, more sunlight hours and low mean temperature at emergence were favorable to isoflavone accumulation. The rainfall at emergence showed a nonlinear relationship with isoflavone content and its optimum value was 75 mm for isoflavone formation. Low diurnal temperature range at branching, high organic matter and low sulfur content in soil were suitable for the formation of isoflavones. The isoflavone contents would not be affected by other eco-physiological factors in this study.     

Genetic Analysis of Combining Abilities and Heterosis for the Contents of Soybean Isoflavone and Its Components Among the Soybean Varieties [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

The genetic analysis of soybean isoflavone content and its components were carried out based on the NC Ⅱ mating design in eight soybean varieties. The results showed that the isoflavone contents and its components of soybean seed are quite differences among the tested materials, the contents of isoflavone and daidzein are controlled not only by additive effects and but also by non-additive effects, while the content of genistin is dominated by non-additive effects,and genistein, glycitin and daidzin are mainly controlled by additive effects. There are significant differences in the contents of isoflavone and its components among the combinations derived from different parents. Results also indicated that the tested traits are negatively heterosis except for the contens of daidzein and daidzin are positively heterosis based on the data of the GCA and SCA in average heterosis values. In this research we have a suggestion that soybean variety with high isoflavone should be used as one of the parents in the breeding program, and it is the best choice that the combinations crossed between two high isoflavone varieties or a high variety and a low one.     

γ射线辐照对大豆发芽和生物活性成分的影响

大豆异黄酮和大豆皂苷是大豆中重要的活性成分,具有较高的营养价值和保健功能。试验用不同剂量60Coγ-射线对晋大53、晋大70和晋大74种子进行处理,研究了γ射线对大豆种子的发芽率、活力指数、胚轴长以及对大豆发芽后子叶和胚轴中大豆异黄酮、皂苷含量的影响。结果表明,低剂量辐照后大豆的发芽率提高,胚轴生长速度加快;说明辐照能够提高大豆子叶和胚轴中大豆异黄酮含量,而对子叶和胚轴中的皂苷含量影响不明显。     

Genetic Analysis of Embryo, Cytoplasm and Maternal Effects and Their Environment Interactions for Isoflavone Content in Soybean [Glycine max （L.） Merr.]

Soybean seed products contain isoflavones （genistein, daidzein, and glycitein） that display biological effects when ingested by humans and animals. These effects are species, dose and age dependent. Therefore, the content and quality of isoflavones in soybeans is a key factor to the biological effect. Our objective was to identify the genetic effects that underlie the isoflavone content in soybean seeds. A genetic model for quantitative traits of seeds in diploid plants was applied to estimate the genetic main effects and genotype x environment （GE） interaction effects for the isoflavone content （IC） of soybean seeds by using two years experimental data with an incomplete diallel mating design of six parents. Results showed that the IC of soybean seeds was simultaneously controlled by the genetic effects of maternal, embryo, and cytoplasm, of which maternal genetic effects were most important, followed by embryo and cytoplasmic genetic effects. The main effects of different genetic systems on IC trait were more important than environment interaction effects. The strong dominance effects on isoflavone from residual was made easily by environment conditions. Therefore, the improvement of the IC of soybean seeds would be more efficient when selection is based on maternal plants than that on the single seed. Maternal heritability （65.73%） was most important for IC, followed by embryo heritability （25.87%） and cytoplasmic heritability （8.39%）. Based on predicated genetic effects, Yudou 29 and Zheng 90007 were better than other parents for increasing IC in the progeny and improving the quality of soybean, The significant effects of maternal and embryo dominance effects in variance show that the embryo heterosis and maternal heterosis are existent and uninfluenced by environment interaction effects.     

大豆豆渣的综合利用研究进展

大豆豆渣中含有丰富的蛋白质、膳食纤维、矿物质以及各种维生素和营养素,通过工业化手段,对大豆豆渣进行加工处理,提高豆渣中营养物质的利用率。分离提取豆渣中膳食纤维、异黄酮和维生素E等营养物质,具有很好的市场前景。对大豆豆渣中有效成分提取和加工的多种方法进行了综述。     

QTL Mapping of Isoflavone,Oil and Protein Contents in Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.）

Soybean （Glycine max L. Merr.） is the world＇s foremost source of edible plant oil and proteins, meantime, the biologically active secondary metabolites such as saponins and isoflavones are benefit to human health. The objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci （QTL） and epistatic interactions associated with isoflavone, protein, and oil contents in soybean seeds. An F13 recombinant inbred line （RIL） comprising 474 lines was derived from a cross between Jindou 23 and Huibuzhi cultivars. SSR technique was employed for mapping of the QTLs. The QTLs for isoflavone, protein, and oil contents were analyzed and 23 QTLs were detected based on the constructed linkage map. Six QTLs for isoflavone content were localized in linkage groups J, N, D2, and G, eleven QTLs for oil content were localized in the linkage groups A1, A2, B2, C2, and D2, and six QTLs for protein content were localized in linkage groups B2, C2, G, and H1. The correlative analysis demonstrated that the isoflavone content had significant correlation with protein content, while significantly negative correlations was existed between oil and protein content, and significantly positive correlations was existed between protein and oil content. All these findings have laid an important basis for the marker assisted breeding in soybean. The phenotypic correlations of quantitative traits may be resulted from the correlation of the QTL controlling those traits.     

大豆品种香豆雌酚含量的分析

香豆雌酚是大豆生长过程中自然产生的化学物质,被认为可以治疗和预防一些人类依赖激素的疾病。为分析大豆品种中香豆雌酚含量,笔者利用高效液相色谱技术对来自中国、美国和日本的46个大豆品种香豆雌酚的含量进行测定分析。结果表明,不同品种中香豆雌酚的含量存在着较大差异,平均含量为0.587μg/g,其变幅在0.123~1.290μg/g之间。香豆雌酚含量的品种差异,为高含量资源的筛选及品种的选育提供依据。     

大豆籽粒蛋白与脂肪含量上位性QTLs分析

大豆籽粒富含蛋白与脂肪,是人类植物蛋白与食用油重要来源;然而,蛋白、脂肪含量属多基因控制数量性状,尽管已有相关QTLs报道,但多是针对单个QTL进行分析,而很少有关于上位性QTLs的报道。鉴于此,利用大豆RIL群体,在4种环境条件下评价其籽粒蛋白与脂肪含量,结合SNP基因型进行上位性QTLs分析发现,定位到48对控制籽粒蛋白、55对控制籽粒脂肪含量上位性QTLs,涉及大豆所有染色体;进一步分析发现,有19对上位性QTLs同时与籽粒蛋白和脂肪含量相关,具体包括12对定位区间完全相同的QTLs、2对定位区间含共同标记的QTLs以及5对定位区间距离不超过5 c M的QTLs;同时发现,19对上位性QTLs分布在除11号染色体以外的19条染色体,其中以13号染色体分布数量最多,其次为1号染色体。上述结果不仅增添了控制大豆蛋白与脂肪含量上位性QTLs,而且为揭示二者之间的负相关关系提供了QTL间/基因间互作方面的分子证据。