不同育秧方式对湘晚籼13号良种繁育的影响研究

2004年选用优质晚籼稻品种湘晚籼13号进行了大苗湿润育秧、软盘抛秧、旱育抛秧与大苗抛秧等4种育秧方式对其繁育产量及农艺性状的影响研究.结果表明,采用大苗抛秧育秧可提高繁育品种的有效穗数、穗长、每穗总粒数、每穗实粒数与结实率等产量性状指标,从而可提高其种子繁育产量,同时还可提早成熟期,防止晚稻寒露风危害.     

水稻工厂化育秧技术

近年来龙岩市引进、示范、推广一种育秧成效好,产量高的水稻育秧创新技术;介绍优良种子处理、控温催芽、盘育机械播种、叠放秧盘、控温发芽立苗、大棚绿化、大田抛秧等方面内容的育秧技术。     

培两优288盘育抛秧高产栽培技术

两系法杂交水稻培两优２８８在长沙县试种两年，表现生育期适中，耐肥抗倒，后期落色好，抗病虫能力强，产量高而稳，米质优，受到广大农民的欢迎。１９９７年长沙县将培两优２８８列为重点推广品种。为了达到以多穗取胜，大幅度提高单位面积产量的目的，采用了盘育抛秧高...     

杂交晚稻博优1652在广西防城区抛秧栽培技术

引进广西大学和中国农业科学院作物科学研究所选育的弱感光型三系杂交晚稻博优1652在广西防城港市防城区种植,表现出高产稳产、综合农艺性状优良、米质较优、抗性较好等特点。抛秧高产栽培要求把好播种关、育秧关、抛秧关以及本田肥水管理。     

晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧苗期喷施多效唑对秧苗及产量的影响

多效唑是一种高效植物生长调节剂 ,广泛应用于杂交中、晚稻水育秧 ,其主要作用是有效控制秧苗高度 ,促进根系生长和提高低节位分蘖 ,增加叶绿素含量，达到培育壮秧、增产的目的。但多效唑在晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧中试验和应用 ,则处于起步阶段 ,目前试验研究报道尚少。湖北省监利县双季晚稻育秧期间高温、多雨 ,秧苗生长快、易徒长 ,尤其是塑盘旱育抛秧播种密度增大 ,秧苗更易徒长成高脚弱苗 ,不利于抛栽和立苗。因此 ,晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧在培育壮秧上控苗是关键。我们就晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧施用多效唑的控促效果及其对秧苗素质和产量的影响做了试验 ,…     

旱育无盘抛秧与旱育秧、湿润育秧比较试验

3种早稻育秧方式的比较试验结果表明，早育无盘抛秧要比一般早育秧和湿润育秧出苗率、成秧率高，分蘖力强，秧苗素质好，易抛栽。     

晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧苗期喷施

多效唑是一种高效植物生长调节剂,广泛应用于杂交中、晚稻水育秧,其主要作用是有效控制秧苗高度,促进根系生长和提高低节位分蘖,增加叶绿素含量,达到培育壮秧、增产的目的。但多效唑在晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧中试验和应用,则处于起步阶段,目前试验研究报道尚少。 湖北省监利县双季晚稻育秧期间高温、多雨,秧苗生长快、易徒长,尤其是塑盘旱育抛秧播种密度增大,秧苗更易徒长成高脚弱苗,不利于抛栽和立苗。因此,晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧在培育壮秧上控苗是关键。我们就晚稻塑盘旱育抛秧施用多效唑的控促效果及其对秧苗素质和产量的影响做了试验,现将试验结果介绍如下：     

怎样搞好杂交晚稻两段育秧

两段育秧是一项提高秧苗素质,延长营养生长期,提高水稻单位面积产量的有效措施。1989年我局在画桥乡大桥村建立了推广杂交晚稻两段育秧技术基点,该村共推行两段育秧120亩,栽大田1284亩,占二晚总面积的35%。经抽样测产,两段育秧比一段育秧亩产提高22.2～27.2%,即亩增稻谷44.5～52.1公斤,增产很显著。 如何搞好杂交晚稻的二段育秧? 1.因地制宜,合理配置好第二段秧田。一般采用两种方式:一是把一、二段育秧安排在同一块田中,有的是从田的一端开始播第一段育秧;有的则是播一畦空一至二畦,留作第二段秧田用;二是选择村庄附近田做一段秧田用,而在…     

育秧方式对‘农香优676’产量及农艺性状的影响

为探索‘农香优676’大面积生产适宜的育秧方式,2014年在湖南衡山和浏阳采用直播、育秧盘旱育抛秧和润湿育秧移栽3种方式,对‘农香优676’的产量及农艺性状进行了分析。结果表明:‘农香优676’采用湿润育秧栽培方式单位面积有效穗数和每穗总粒数多,千粒重大,实际产量最高,其产量达10 131.75 kg/hm2。     

育秧方式和壮秧剂对抛栽晚稻生长及产量的影响

以杂交水稻“桂两优2号”为试材,设土床旱育秧（A1）、编织布旱育秧（A2）、塑盘旱育秧（A3）、塑盘湿润育秧（A4）4种方式,在不同育秧方式基础上设置施用壮秧剂和不施壮秧剂2个处理水平,研究育秧方式对抛栽晚稻生长及产量的影响。结果表明：抛栽后立苗最快的是A2,其次是A3,A1和A4最慢;分蘖最快、数量最多的是A2,其次是A3和A1,A4分蘖最慢、数量最少;干物质积累A2和A3具有明显优势,其次是A1,A4积累最少;A2的产量最高,产量性状较好,其次是A3,A4产量最低、产量性状较差。施用壮秧剂可促进晚稻生长,改善产量性状,提高产量。育秧方式与壮秧剂交互作用对晚稻产量及主要性状有显著影响。综合晚稻生长和产量及性状看,本试验条件下最适合的育秧方式是编织布与施壮秧剂组合旱育秧。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。