抗生素对亚麻下胚轴愈伤诱导及芽分化的影响

研究了抗生素对亚麻下胚轴愈伤诱导及芽分化的影响。结果表明:在以潮霉素为抗性选择剂时,低浓度潮霉素已严重抑制愈伤的形成,25 mg/L的潮霉素为亚麻下胚轴愈伤形成及芽分化的较合适筛选浓度;在以氨苄青霉素、头孢霉素和羧苄青霉素为抑菌抗生素时,不同浓度抗生素对亚麻下胚轴愈伤及芽分化产生的影响不同,羧苄青霉素浓度大于300 mg/L时,对亚麻下胚轴的分化产生抑制,氨苄青霉素和头孢霉素浓度大于500 mg/L时,对亚麻下胚轴的分化产生抑制。在3种抗生素中,选择氨苄青霉素作为农杆菌介导转基因的脱菌抗生素,浓度为300mg/L时,已有很好的抑菌效果。     

花生组织培养及高频率植株再生

以14个花生品种为材料,对花生组织培养及植株再生进行了研究。将花生成熟胚幼叶、子叶和下胚轴外植体接种到添加0～2 mg/L NAA 和0～10 mg/L BAP的MSB5（MS无机盐 + B5有机）培养基上诱导愈伤,再转到添加0～10 mg/L BAP的分化培养基上诱导不定芽。结果表明,诱导培养基中添加的激素及其浓度对以后在分化培养基上不定芽分化有重要作用,以添加1 mg/L NAA 和6 mg/L BAP最利于不定芽分化;分化培养基中添加4 mg/LBAP利于不定芽伸长及植株再生;幼叶外植体分化不定芽频率明显高于子叶和下胚轴;不同基因型不定芽分化率存在明显差异,白沙1016和花育23幼叶外植体获得了较高的不定芽分化率,分别达到91.8%和88.5%。再生苗经生根培养和驯化后,移栽花盆可正常开花结果。     

野生亚麻无性扩繁及保存技术的研究

野生亚麻(Linum stelleroides Planch)是二年生植物,要通过有性繁殖留取种子的方式进行保存颇有难度.本项研究采用组织培养的方法对野生亚麻的茎段进行无性扩繁获得成功,一年内从2株无菌苗入手培养最终获得再生植株600多株,繁殖倍数达300倍,而且移栽成活的再生植株已开花结实.同时进行了低温保存不定芽的研究,结果显示,4℃条件下保存3个月对野生亚麻茎段分化率有一定的促进作用,初步确定MS(附加6-BA 0.5mg/l,NAA 0.05mg/l)培养基为茎段分化的适宜培养基,1/2MS(附加一定量的激素)培养基为不定芽保存培养基.     

野生亚麻无性扩繁及保存技术的研究

野生亚麻(Linum stelleroides Planch)是二年生植物,要通过有性繁殖留取种子的方式进行保存颇有难度。本项研究采用组织培养的方法对野生亚麻的茎段进行无性扩繁获得成功,一年内从2株无菌苗入手培养最终获得再生植株600多株,繁殖倍数达300倍,而且移栽成活的再生植株已开花结实。同时进行了低温保存不定芽的研究,结果显示,4℃条件下保存3个月对野生亚麻茎段分化率有一定的促进作用,初步确定MS(附加6-BA0.5mg/l,NAA0.05mg/l)培养基为茎段分化的适宜培养基,1/2MS(附加一定量的激素)培养基为不定芽保存培养基。     

尾叶桉U6遗传转化再生体系的建立

以桉树品种尾叶桉U6叶盘为外植体,选用MS培养基为基本培养基,附加激素6-BA,IAA,IBA,NAAA,通过研究不同激素浓度组合对外植体愈伤诱导及不定芽分化的影响,建立了较好的遗传转化再生体系.结果表明,尾叶桉U6叶盘最适分化培养基为MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 1 mg/L IAA 0.2 mg/L 蔗糖30 g/L 琼脂粉5 g/L;小苗的最佳生根培养基为MS NAA 0.2 mg/L mA 0.5 m/L 蔗糖30 g/L 琼脂粉5 g,L.40mg/L卡那霉素可以抑制叶盘的分化;20 mg/L卡那霉素可以抑制再生植株的生根.2种抑菌抗生素中,头孢霉素对叶片再生影响较大;而250 mg/L的羧苄青霉素能有效地抑制农杆菌菌株EHA105的生长,却对尾叶桉叶盘的芽分化影响不大,为适宜的抑菌抗生素.3种农杆菌LBA4404,EHA105,GV3101的菌液浸染桉树叶盘,统计其愈伤组织GUS染色率,以EHA105对外植体的浸染能力最强,达83.3%.     

二步培养和AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴芽再生的影响

以甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus L.）品种“浙双758”为材料,研究二步培养及添加AgNO3对甘蓝型油菜子叶和下胚轴外植体离体再生的影响。外植体先在含0.5-1.5 mg/L 2,4-D的MS培养基上 “预培养”3 d 或7 d诱导愈伤组织的产生,再转到含有3 mg/L BA和0.15mg/L NAA及添加或不添加2.5 mg/L AgNO3的分化培养基上诱导芽的分化。结果表明,外植体愈伤组织诱导率和芽再生率与2,4-D浓度、预培养时间和AgNO3密切相关;分化培养基中添加银离子可显著增加不定芽的再生频率;二步培养及添加AgNO3可使半子叶、完整子叶和下胚轴外植体芽再生频率分别达到了96.1%,96.7%和96.7%。     

花生胚小叶对卡那霉素的敏感性研究

卡那霉素是植物遗传转化中常用的一种筛选剂。研究花生胚小叶对卡那霉素的敏感性,对建立利用卡那霉素筛选花生遗传转化的有效体系具有重要意义。以3个不同基因型花生弗落蔓生、麻油1-1和濮花23号为试验材料,通过计算胚小叶黄化率、丛生芽诱导率和生根数等,并观察外植体的生长状态,研究不同浓度卡那霉素对胚小叶生长发育、丛生芽分化和丛生芽生根阶段的影响,以期确定3个品种胚小叶各个分化阶段的适宜筛选浓度。结果表明,不同基因型花生对卡那霉素的敏感性不同,弗落蔓生、麻油1-1和濮花23号胚小叶丛生芽分化筛选浓度依次为:150mg/L、100mg/L和50mg/L;丛生芽生根筛选浓度分别为:弗落蔓生20mg/L、麻油1-1 20mg/L和濮花23号10mg/L。本研究筛选到不同品种胚小叶丛生芽分化和丛生芽生根阶段的适宜卡那霉素浓度,为以花生胚小叶为外植体的花生遗传转化阳性植株的筛选奠定了基础。     

工业大麻高效再生体系的初步研究

选用工业大麻新品种龙麻一号的下胚轴作为外植体进行组织培养,对无菌苗的获得、植物生长调节剂的选择及浓度等影响工业大麻组织培养的关键因素进行研究,愈伤组织诱导的最适植物生长调节剂组合为1.0mg/L 6-BA和0.5mg/L NAA,不定芽分化的最适激素组合为1.0mg/L KT和0.5mg/L NAA,以1/2MS+0.05mg/L IBA+0.05mg/L NAA激素组合生根效果较好。初步建立工业大麻高效再生体系,愈伤组织诱导率达到91.67%,不定芽分化率达到76.67%,生根率达到75%。     

大豆转化体系的优化和Dof4基因转入大豆的研究

研究优化了包括种子消毒方法、生长调节剂用量和抗生素种类在内的影响农杆菌介导大豆子叶节遗传转化效率的多个因素,并将Dof 4基因转入绥农14中.结果表明:氯气熏蒸消毒方法对大豆伤害小,子叶节丛生芽分化率高;菌液侵染时间和共培养时间控制直接影响长菌和丛生芽状态.芽诱导培养阶段,当6-BA 浓度为1.6 mg·L-1,IBA浓度为0.1 mg·L-1,分化率较高,畸形率和愈伤状况都较轻.最优的抗生素组合为头孢噻肟钠(Cefotaxime Sodium)200 mg·mL-1 加羧苄青霉素(Carbenicillin) 250 mg·mL-1.     

甜菜组织培养与植株再生体系的建立

本研究以甜菜品种"甘糖7号"叶柄为外植体,通过诱导愈伤组织、愈伤组织分化不定芽、芽生根和移栽等步骤建立一套甜菜组织培养与植株再生体系。结果表明,诱导甜菜叶柄愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,诱导率达88.2%;诱导愈伤组织分化不定芽的最佳培养基为MS+4 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L NAA,分化率仅为9.4%;生根培养基为MS+0.1 mg/L NAA,生根率达33.3%。甜菜再生苗移栽至蛭石中,保温保湿7~10 d后,成活率可达90%以上。本研究结果将对糖料作物甜菜抗逆遗传改良及其基因工程育种具有推动作用。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。