秸秆与不同水平氮素配施对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的影响

为了探明秸秆配施氮素对陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的影响,采用Stanford间歇淋洗培养法,经过120d室内培养,测定分析小麦秸秆0t/hm^2+施纯氮0kg/hm^2(N0)、小麦秸秆4.5t/hm^2+施纯氮0kg/hm^2(SN0)、小麦秸秆4.5t/hm^2+施纯氮50kg/hm^2(SN50)、小麦秸秆4.5t/hm^2+施纯氮100kg/hm^2(SN100)4种施肥方式下陇中黄土高原旱作农田土壤氮素矿化的特征。研究发现:①秸秆配施氮素降低了土壤氨化速率和硝化速率;②与N0相比,SN0、SN50、SN100处理土壤氮素累积矿化量分别下降了19.14%、17.22%、13.47%;③土壤氮素累积矿化量的变化是硝态氮的变化引起的。表明秸秆配施氮素能够降低土壤氮素矿化水平。     

不同施氮量对烤烟生长与生理生化特性的影响

2012年,以常规施肥为对照,研究了不同施氮水平对云烟87生育期、农艺性状和生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：烤烟生育期以施纯氮135 kg/hm^2处理最长,施纯氮75 kg/hm^2处理最短,大田生育期随施氮量的增加而延长;施纯氮135 kg/hm^2处理烤烟的有效叶数、茎围、茎高、最大叶长、最大叶宽均优于其他处理;以施纯氮105kg/hm^2处理烟叶协调性较好。此外,色素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、还原糖、NR活力、SOD活力等生理生化指标,都随着施氮量的增加而增加。     

氮肥不同用量对松辽122品种产量的影响

试验针对松辽122品种,在水田土壤中等肥力条件下,研究氮肥不同量对水稻产量的影响,结果表明:施纯氮量178.5 kg/hm^2,产量达8996 kg/hm^2,比对照(CK)品种吉玉粳产量178.5 kg/hm^2,增产14.0%,说明此施纯氮量较为科学合理。     

追氮对饲用青莜麦生物产量及秸秆蛋白质含量的影响

为给冀西北高原饲用青莜麦高产栽培提供科学依据，研究了追氮对青莜麦生物产量和秸秆蛋白质含量的影响。结果表明，追氮可显著提高青莜麦生物产量和秸秆的蛋白质含量。沙地追氮69kg／hm^2时增产显著，青莜麦生物产量达6023．4kg／hm^2；此水平下，滩地青莜麦的生物产量最高，生物产量达9013．4k／hm^2。追氮69kg／hm^2时，沙地青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白和真蛋白含量分别为12．09％和7．45％，比对照提高了6．81和3．61个百分点，追氮量每增加69kg／hm^2，青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白质和真蛋白的增幅均显著下降趋势。追氮对滩地青莜麦秸秆中蛋白质含量的影响相对较小。滩地追氮69kg／hm^2时，青莜麦秸秆中粗蛋白和真蛋白含量分别达10．34％和5．75％，分别比对照增加1．89和0．27个百分点。     

宁夏北部引黄灌区直播水稻优化栽培数学模型研究

研究结果，宁夏北部引黄灌区直播水稻每公顷产量7500kg以上的技术方案为．每公顷基施有机肥4500kg，播量为333～375kg，施纯N259.5～280.5kg，施P2O5 120～136.5kg；中等肥力的田块上直播水稻每公顷产量达8250kg以上．其技术方案为：在基施有机肥45000kg/hm^2的基础上．播量为301.5～340.5kg/hm^2,施纯N268．5～289.5kg/hm^2．施P2O5 79.5～90kg/hm^2。     

玉米新品种永科6号高产栽培模型研究

采用4因子5水平旋转回归组合设计研究玉米新品种永科6号产量指标与密度及施肥量的关系，探讨高产栽培优化方案。结果表明：在土壤肥力中等的基础上，获得9000．0kg／hm^2以上目标产量的优化方案是，密度44863．5～46114．5株／hm^2，施纯N266．22～317．7kg／hm^2，施P20s103．12～118．35kg／hm^2，施K20208．1～256．1kg／hm^2；各因子对产量影响程度大小依次为N肥〉密度〉P肥〉K肥。     

移栽密度和施肥量对烟叶产质量的影响

在湘南浓香型烟区,以K326为对象,研究了在不同密度和施氮量水平下烟株的长势和产质量.结果表明,低施氮量时,密度不同对烟株生长和产质量影响较小,施氮量增加时密度影响开始显现,尤其施纯氮180kg/hm^2时表现明显;施纯氮135kg/hm^2 时烟株落黄情况好,但产值并不高,上等烟比例也较低;施纯氮157.5kg/hm^2,行株距1.2m×0.4m和1.1m×0.5m时产量和产值较高,其中行株距1.1m×0.5m时上等烟比例较高,值得推广.     

巢湖市单季稻“3414”肥料效应研究

[目的]探索单季稻高产栽培的N、P、K肥料效应模型,完善巢湖市测土配方施肥应用指标体系。[方法]通过对巢湖市典型土种湖泥田进行单季稻“3414”肥料效应试验,获得肥料效应函数及有关施肥参数,得出三元二次方程拟合的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量。[结果]拟合的氮、磷、钾肥最佳施用量分别为：纯N232．4kg/hm^2．P2O5 91．2kg／hm^2,K2O142．3kg／hm^2。结合巢湖市农业生产实际情况,得出巢湖市湖泥田土种单季稻推荐施肥为纯N210．0-240．0kg／hm^2、P20575．0-90．0kg／hm^2、K2O 120．0-150．0kg／hm^2。[结论]研究结果为巢湖市单季稻生产配方施肥提供了科学依据。     

湖北潜江棉花"3414"施肥效果评价试验

通过在湖北潜江地区进行棉花施肥“3414”设计试验,探究湖北潜江地区棉花最禹施肥量与产量、最佳施肥量与产量的关系．避免盲目施肥,做到科学施肥,从而这到高产低耗、高效优质、持续环保的目的。通过试验得出以N2P2K2为湖北潜江地区棉花施肥最佳推荐配方。施肥方案为施纯氮315kg／hm^2、五氧化二磷54kg／hm^2、氧化钾135kg／hm^2。可以在该棉区推广应用。     

不同施氮水平对两系杂交油菜两优586产量及经济性状的影响

不同施氮试验结果表明，施纯氮225kg/hm^2是两系杂交油菜两优586的最佳施氮肥水平，产量达到2396.55kg/hm^2。产量构成因素以单株有效角果数对产量影响较大，每角粒数对产量影响较小。随施氮量的增加，单株一次有效分枝数增加，每角粒数变化较小，千粒重 单株有效角果呈先增后减的趋势。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。