调花宝对杂交水稻制种亲本抽穗开花习性的影响

1998-2000年对调花宝在杂交水稻制种上的应用进行了系统试验研究。结果表明，在不育系孕穗期或破口期，恢复系幼穗分化Ⅶ期施用调花宝，能提早抽穗，提早花时，延长不育系开颖时间，提高柱头外露率；在制种大田施用。可调节父母本花期，提高制种产量。     

氮肥和多效唑对油菜CMS不育系及杂一代的影响

以３个波里玛胞质不育系和４个波里玛胞质不育三系组合为材料，采用田间随机区组试验，连续两年研究了施氮量和施用多效唑对单株花数、不育系的不育度和杂一代恢复度的影响．结果表明：高氮水平可显著降低不育系的不育度和杂一代的恢复度，施用多效唑可显著提高杂一代的恢复度，但对不育系的不育度影响无明显规律．施用多效唑可明显提高单株花数，而提高氮肥水平对单株花数的增加并不明显．     

机械精量穴直播和定位施肥对水稻生长与养分迁移的影响

研究了机械精量穴直播与缓释肥定位条施对水稻生长和田间养分迁移的影响。结果表明,与手工撒播和习惯撒施肥相比,机械精量穴直播和定位条施肥均有利于水稻稳健生长,增加有效穗和每穗粒数,提高产量,同时,也有利于降低田间水层氮含量。此外,机械定位条施肥有利于降低氮、钾向土壤深层的渗漏损失,从而提高肥料利用率。     

3个水稻雄性不育系海南开花特性观察

在海南研究了３个不育系逐日开花动态和１ｄ当中各时段开花动态。结果表明,３个不育系主茎穗始花１～３ｄ后进入盛花,持续２～３ｄ;泗稻８号Ａ单株全部穗子开花３ｄ后进入盛花,盛花期持续４ｄ,盛花较２个籼型不育系明显;珍汕 ９７Ａ、协青早Ａ当日开花率在１２％～１６％范围的分别有５和４ｄ;在每天开花中,无论主茎穗还是单株全穗,３个不育系午后花率占绝对多数;从始花到终花,泗稻８号Ａ历时不到４ｈ,珍汕９７Ａ、协青早Ａ分别为６和８ｈ,每日开花高峰时间分别在１２：３０,１２：３０,１３：３０。     

不同生长调节剂对粳稻三系不育系10A开花习性的影响

研究了"九二○"、花信灵、云大120、0.9%爱多收、尿素对杂交粳稻不育系10A抽穗期、开花期以及柱头活力的影响。结果表明:在幼穗分化Ⅵ期末喷施"九二○"30g/hm2可以使不育系提前3d左右抽穗,并且开花率显著高于对照;在幼穗分化Ⅵ期末喷施花信灵也能显著提高开花率;始穗期喷施高剂量"九二○"(150g/hm2)、幼穗分化Ⅵ期末喷施云大120或花信灵均能延长10A的柱头活力;始穗期喷施高剂量"九二○"(150g/hm2)或爱多收能显著提高10A开花当天的结实率;穗分化Ⅳ期末施用尿素并在始穗期喷施高剂量"九二○"(150g/hm2)能够使10A的单穗及每日开花高峰前移。     

灌水深度对杂交稻生产中高温危害的缓解效果初探

以两优培九为材料,探讨了高温天气条件下不同灌水深度对高温危害的缓解效果。结果表明,高温天气期间田间温度低于气象站测定温度,灌水能降低田间温度,减少田间高温危害天数,提高结实率和产量,且随着灌水深度的增加,效果越明显。在水稻幼穗分化Ⅴ期至齐穗期灌深水的处理效果最好。     

化学杀雄辅助“两系”法制种初获成功

今年春季,笔者在海南岛育种期间,对两个光敏核不育系──W6154S、5460S分别于可育期、不育期和育性不稳期进行了化学 杀雄处理试验,取得了预期效果。 3月中旬,在江西永修县农科所的南繁田里,用杀雄方法处理了少量W6154S,结果无明显药害,开颖正常,穗貌似不育系;隔离自交不结实,搬入父本后异文结实率为20%左右。而未经杀雄处理的对照区,自交结实率达70%以上。4月中、下旬,在福建农科院的海南制种田,用低中、高三种剂量处理W6154S0.6亩,抽穗扬花期正值 4月底至6月上旬的不育期。收获前经田间目测鉴定,凡经过杀雄处理的各区,其制种结实 率均…     

“九二0”增效剂的试验推广

８０年代以来，“九二０”在我区杂交水稻繁殖制种生产中广泛使用，它对解除不育系包颈、调节穗层、促进花期花时相遇、提高异交结实率等方面发挥了重要作用，在提高单产、节约用工等方面取得了显著效益，且随着“九二０”用量的逐年增大，制繁种产量也相应提高。但为追求单产，近年已出现“九二０”用量过大倾向，亩用量普遍已由原来的１～３ｇ增大到目前的８～１２ｇ。高者竟达１５ｇ以上．“九二０”的高剂量使用已带来一些不良后果：（１）种子的商品品质、贮藏品质普遍下降；（２）“九二０”货源短缺、价格昂贵、生产成本的大幅度增加…     

水稻无水层栽培初探

针对辽宁稻区缺水和水资源浪费现象，进行了本项研究，结果表明无水层栽培可以降低水稻的无效分蘖、穗粒数，提高有效穗数、千粒重。无水层栽培全生育期可节水35％以上，有利于缓解北方稻区用水紧张问题，是一项值得推广的水稻节水新技术。     

高产大麦新品种（系）“花98一11”特征特性及其栽培技术

花98—11是我院和上海市农科院生物技术中心合作，在“九五”育成大麦新品种花30基础上，利用遗传育种的优异材料和生物技术结合选育而成的高产、优质啤酒大麦新品系，在穗粒结构和群体结构方面比花30有所提高，如单位面积(公顷下同)有效穗比花30增150万以上，平均单产增11．8％一12．5％，千粒重提高1—2g，株高矮5cm左右，矮杆抗倒、抗逆性强，穗、粒、重稳定协调。为保证该品系高产、优质性状，在栽培上要注意攻穗、增肥、除草、治虫等环节。做到密群麦、平顶麦、见麦不见沟、田间无杂草。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。