‘陇薯3号’和‘陇薯7号’试管结薯关键条件优化

应用不同光照、温度、培养基等条件诱导‘陇薯3号’和‘陇薯7号’试管结薯,结果表明,自然光照室温培养、自然光照室温培养7 d转黑暗恒温培养以及黑暗恒温培养条件均能诱导2个品种结薯。自然光照室温条件下,‘陇薯7号’试管薯单瓶薯数、单瓶薯重及大薯数均极显著高于其他培养条件(P0.01)。与"固体+液体"、"固体"培养基相比,"液体+液体"培养基结薯时间早,数量多,大薯率高。     

马铃薯组培中不同因素对诱导试管薯的影响

以马铃薯米拉、威芋3号脱毒试管苗为材料进行试管薯诱导因素研究。结果表明:散射光与适当低温(17±1℃)条件对米拉试管薯形成、结薯数量与平均鲜重均有极显著的促进作用;米拉基部节段较顶芽培养的试管苗有利于试管薯的形成和膨大;培养基(MS+8%白糖)中同时添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA与250 mg.L-1 CCC能显著增加威芋3号试管薯结薯数量与鲜薯产量,而单独添加5 mg.L-1 6-BA或KT虽能显著提高试管薯的大薯率,但平均结薯数量却显著降低,而不添加任何激素的培养基,对威芋3号试管薯的诱导效果较差。     

马铃薯试管薯发育机理的研究──温度对试管薯形成的影响

以“中薯３号”脱毒试管苗为材料，研究诱导温度对试管薯形成及发育的影响．结果表明：在全黑暗诱导条件下，试管薯形成的最适温度为１５～２０℃．对试管薯形成大小及著重而言，温度效应高于外源诱导剂．温度对平均单瓶结薯数影响不显著．     

马铃薯品种‘陇薯11号’再生体系的构建

采用L_(16)(4~5)正交试验设计,以马铃薯品种‘陇薯11号’为试验材料,分别选用4种植物激素(诱导愈伤的GA_3、6-BA、NAA、2,4-D和诱导分化的GA_3、NAA、IAA、KT)的4个水平对其茎段的离体再生进行了研究,筛选适合‘陇薯11号’的愈伤和芽分化诱导培养基。结果表明,适合‘陇薯11号’的茎段愈伤诱导培养基为MS+GA_3(7.5 mg/L)+6-BA(2.5 mg/L)+2,4-D(0.5 mg/L),诱导率达98.72%,生长状态最好;诱导芽分化的最佳培养基为MS+NAA(0.25 mg/L)+IAA(0.1 mg/L)+KT(3.0 mg/L),不定芽诱导率为95.83%,分化苗健壮。     

植物激素对马铃薯试管薯形成的影响

以马铃薯品种克新3号为试验材料,在诱导结薯的过程中以不同浓度的香豆素和BA进行处理,研究香豆素和BA对试管薯诱导的影响。结果表明,在诱导结薯的培养基中,添加香豆素30mg/L+BA3 0mg/L+活性炭0 1%时,获得的微型薯块茎较大且大薯率较高。     

白糖浓度及光照条件对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响

用马铃薯脱毒苗直接在三角瓶中诱导马铃薯结薯,试图在更少的空间和更短的时间内诱导出大量试管薯,以便于大规模工厂化生产,获得高质量的原原种。本试验在6 mg.L-1 6-BA的诱导培养基中诱导试管薯,通过对不同白糖浓度、不同光照条件进行研究。结果表明,全黑暗条件对试管薯形成、结薯数和平均单薯重有促进作用;培养基中加入100 g.L-1的白糖明显提前试管薯形成期,显著增加结薯数和单薯重。     

蔗糖浓度及苗龄对马铃薯新品种‘丽薯6号’试管薯诱导的效果

马铃薯试管薯诱导技术因其能有效加快脱毒马铃薯繁殖,缩短种薯生产周期,使种薯工厂化生产成为可能而受到重视。本研究以不同苗龄的高产抗病新品种‘丽薯6号’脱毒苗为试验材料,在马铃薯适宜的8%¹2%蔗糖浓度诱导区间内使用不同浓度的蔗糖诱导试管薯,探求其最适蔗糖浓度并观察苗龄对试管薯形成的影响,旨在花费更少的成本和较短时间内诱导大量的试管薯,以便于建立原原种高效生产体系。综合分析单株结薯数及单株结薯速率,结果表明:‘丽薯6号’诱导试管薯的最适苗龄为80 d,最适蔗糖浓度为10%。在此处理下单株结薯数最多,且结薯最早,生产效率高于其他处理。     

不同封口材料对马铃薯试管薯诱导的影响

本试验采用单层无孔膜、双层带孔膜、塑料盖三种不同封口材料,调查不同处理形成的试管薯个数以及大小。结果表明,‘Favorita’和‘Atlantic’都是采用单层无孔膜时结薯个数最多,而‘克新1号’则是采用双层带孔膜时结薯个数最多。3个品种在采用塑料盖封口时的结薯个数最少,但大薯率最高。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导影响因素分析

以马铃薯栽培品种‘Favorita’脱毒试管苗为材料,研究了离体条件下外源激素、活性炭以及光照对试管薯形成和发育的影响。结果表明:加入一定浓度的外源激素,有利于提高‘Favorita’试管薯的产量和质量,其诱导效应依次为矮壮素(CCC)>多效唑(PP333)>CCC+6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)>丁酰胺(B9)>6-BA>无激素;活性炭能够明显提高试管薯前期的形成和发育;8 h/d散射光照比全黑暗试管薯重量和大薯率都有提高;全黑暗使试管薯发生提前,结薯集中,但不利于试管薯的增重。     

马铃薯试管薯诱导培养基6-苄基腺嘌呤与蔗糖浓度的筛选

试管薯的诱导在马铃薯种薯繁殖体系中起重要作用。试验以早熟鲜食品种早大白为材料,研究诱导培养基中6-苄基腺嘌呤(6-BA)浓度和蔗糖浓度对试管薯数和试管薯重的影响。结果表明:MS的液体培养基+活性炭浓度0.15%+6-BA浓度2 mg/kg+蔗糖浓度8%的效果最好,应用该诱导培养基提高马铃薯早大白的单株结薯数。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.