重组瘦蛋白对猪胴体品质的影响

通过腹腔注射不同剂量重组瘦蛋白进行饲养试验,研究其对猪胴体品质的影响效果.结果表明:重组瘦蛋白可显著提高猪肉的瘦肉率、眼肌面积,降低脂肪率、背膘厚和板油重(P<0.05),而对活体重、胴体重和屠宰率无显著影响(P>0.05).腹腔注射0.5,1.0 mg/kg重组瘦蛋白与对照组相比,胴体瘦肉率提高6.70%和7.30%(P<0.05);脂肪率降低16.00%和18.75%(P<0.05);背膘厚降低18.14%和23.01%(P<0.05);眼肌面积提高16.83%和18.83%(P<0.05);板油重降低22.95%和24.59%(P<0.05).而注射0.1 mg/kg重组瘦蛋白对猪胴体组成无明显影响(P>0.05).腹腔注射重组瘦蛋白不影响猪内脏器官重量.     

重组瘦蛋白对猪内分泌代谢和胴体品质的影响

本研究利用重组瘦蛋白进行动物饲养试验,研究了重组瘦蛋白对猪内分泌代谢和胴体品质的影响。结果表明,在腹腔注射0.5和1.0 mg/kg体重重组瘦蛋白后,血清胰岛素含量从注射7 d后开始降低,并且一直持续到试验结束,其中7~21 d显著低于对照组,降低的幅度为12%~20%(P<0.05);血清T3含量在注射后7~14 d和28~42 d有显著提高(P<0.05);T4含量在注射后7~21 d差异显著(P<0.05);GH含量在注射后7~28 d显著高于对照组,提高的幅度为9%~25%(P<0.05);血清IGF-Ⅰ含量在注射后7~21 d显著高于对照组,提高的幅度为9%~16%(P<0.05);同时,腹腔注射0.5和1.0 mg/kg体重重组瘦蛋白与对照组相比,胴体瘦肉率提高6.70%和7.30%(P<0.05);脂肪率降低16.00%和18.75%(P<0.05);背膘厚降低18.14%和23.01%(P<0.05);板油重降低22.95%和24.59%(P<0.05)。可见,腹腔注射不同剂量的重组瘦蛋白后在一定时间内对猪内分泌有不同程度的调节作用,重组瘦蛋白可显著提高猪肉的瘦肉率,降低脂肪率、背膘厚和板油重,从而起到了调节猪胴体品质的作用。     

重组瘦蛋白对猪蛋白质代谢的影响

利用重组瘦蛋白进行动物饲养试验研究。结果表明:重组瘦蛋白对猪蛋白质代谢指标有不同程度的影响。腹腔注射0.5 mg/kg和1.0 mg/kg体重重组瘦蛋白后,血清总蛋白(TP)和球蛋白(GPs)的含量高于对照组,其中0~3周差异显著(P<0.05),而血清白蛋白(ALB)的含量只在注射后第3周有明显提高;血清天门冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)有不同程度的提高,在注射后1~3周和5~7周内明显高于对照组(P<0.05);血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)只有在注射0.5 mg/kg体重重组瘦蛋白后0~3周明显提高(P<0.05);注射0.1 mg/kg体重重组瘦蛋白对猪蛋白质代谢指标无明显影响(P>0.05)。     

重组瘦蛋白对大鼠内分泌代谢的影响

利用重组瘦蛋白进行动物饲养试验研究。结果表明:重组瘦蛋白对大鼠内分泌代谢指标有一定影响。腹腔注射6μg/g体重,连续注射瘦蛋白7d后,大鼠血清胰岛素水平明显下降,与对照组相比,降低了15.44%(P<0.05),但对大鼠血清葡萄糖水平则没有显著影响;禁食可明显抑制大鼠生长激素的分泌,同时禁食大鼠的血清游离T4、T3水平与正常进食的对照组相比分别下降了17.39%和18.88%(P<0.05),与禁食大鼠相比,注射瘦蛋白大鼠的T4水平升高了17.11%(P<0.01),接近正常对照组水平,但给予瘦蛋白的大鼠的T3水平与对照组相比仅升高了8.25%(P<0.05),表明给予重组瘦蛋白可对禁食引起的血清生长激素和游离T4、T3水平的降低起到纠正作用。     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪生长性能的调控

通过腹腔注射抗猪皮下脂肪细胞全膜蛋白抗体研究其对猪生长性能的调控效果。结果显示,在15kg时分别注射10、20、30ml和60kg时注射20ml抗体,注射后3周内猪的采食量降低(P>0.05),5周后采食量恢复正常;同一时间注射不同剂量抗体和不同时间注射相同剂量抗体对猪的日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但料重比明显降低(P<0.05);对血液GH和IGF-I的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但可明显提高T3的含量。表明抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可提高猪的生长性能,使饲料转化效率提高。     

能量和蛋白质对公猪精液品质和血液指标的影响

选初始体重相近的1～3岁的大约克公猪18头,随机分为6组,分别饲喂6种日粮,日粮设12.97和13.81MJ/kg两个消化能(DE)水平,13%、15%和17%的3个粗蛋白质(CP)水平,其它营养水平基本一致,考察了西南地区高温环境下DE和CP对公猪精液品质和血液指标的影响。结果表明:DE对采精量、精子密度、精子总数、精子畸形率和精子活率无显著影响(P>0.05);提高CP水平能显著增加采精量;在精子密度上,15%CP显著好于13%和17%(P<0.05);在精子总数上,15%CP显著好于13%(P<0.05),而与17%差异不显著(P>0.05);CP水平对精子活率和精子畸形率无显著影响(P>0.05)。DE和CP对精子密度和精子总数有显著的互作效应。提高能量水平显著提高了公猪血液中BUN、GLU水平(P<0.05),而对T3、T4、TP无显著影响(P>0.05);提高蛋白质水平能显著提高公猪血液中T4、BUN和GLU水平(P<0.05),而对T3、TP无显著影响(P>0.05);能量和蛋白互作对GLU、T4和BUN的效果显著(P<0.05),而对T3和TP影响不显著(P>0.05)。结果认为,对100～300kg的公猪,每天采食含DE12.97MJ/kg、CP15%的配合饲料2.8kg较适宜(即每天采食DE36.32MJ、CP420g或赖氨酸24g)。     

氟烷基因对猪肉贮藏品质的影响

通过氟烷基因基因型诊断方法选择大长二元杂交猪30头,公、母各半,其中HalNHalN基因型和HalNHaln基因型猪各15头,研究氟烷基因对猪肉贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:在肌肉Hart透过率、挥发性盐基氮含量方面,氟烷基因显性纯合子猪猪肉比杂合子猪要好(P<0.05);在肌肉丙二醛(MDA)含量和肌肉R值方面,2种氟烷基因型猪差异不显著(P>0.05)。     

饲料中添加不同水平醋糟对獭兔肉品质的影响研究

为研究醋糟作为粗纤维饲料对獭兔肉品质的影响,选择90日龄健康的生长獭兔180只,随机分成6组,分别饲喂6种不同比例醋糟替代谷草与小米壳(0%、7%、14%、21%、28%和35%)的饲粮。结果表明:各组氨基酸总量、鲜味氨基酸含量差异不显著(P>0.05);在人体必需氨基酸含量方面,各试验组都有一定程度的提高,其中35%组最高(P>0.05);兔肉中蛋白、灰分与水分含量各组差异不显著(P>0.05)。脂肪含量35%组与对照组接近,与21%组差异显著(P<0.05);各组滴水损失、熟肉率及剪切力差异不显著(P>0.05);肉色方面,35%组与对照组最低;在pH值方面,对照组与各试验组之间差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,从兔肉的营养价值和饲料成本等综合考虑,在獭兔日粮中添加35%的醋糟对肉品质效果较好。     

注射口蹄疫疫苗对种公牛鲜精品质的影响

本研究比较了经免疫注射口蹄疫疫苗后两个品种共13头种公牛的鲜精精液品质。结果表明,荷斯坦牛和西门塔尔牛免疫期的精液量和精液密度指标无明显变化(P>0.05);活力指标显著降低(P<0.05);精子畸形率显著增加(P<0.05)。尾部畸形增加是影响精子直线运动和冲力的主要原因。     

日粮中不同来源多不饱和脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响

选取125日龄,体重为60kg左右的杜×长×大三元去势肥育猪32头,随机分为4组,每组8头,公母各半。对照组添加2%猪油,3个试验组分别添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油和1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油,研究日粮中不同来源脂肪酸对育肥猪生长性能和猪肉脂肪酸组成的影响。结果表明:1)日粮中添加不同油脂对猪生长性能无显著影响;2)日粮中添加3%亚麻油、3%鱼油以及1.5%亚麻油+1.5%鱼油组,可以使猪肉中的C18∶3分别提高236.9%(P<0.01)、27.1%(P>0.05)和204.9%(P<0.01);C20∶5分别提高142.4%(P<0.01)、732.9%(P<0.01)和360.5%(P<0.01);C22∶5分别提高24.0%(P>0.05)、40.5%(P<0.05)和36.4%(P<0.05);C22∶6分别提高5.6%(P>0.05)、222.2%(P<0.01)和136.9%(P<0.01);总n-3PUFA的含量提高131.2%(P<0.01)、317.2%(P<0.01)和223.0%(P<0.01);3)各试验组猪肉中总n-3PUFA的含量显著提高,n-6/n-3的值显著降低。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.