Asia 1 FMDV重组鸡痘病毒在豚鼠体内免疫原性和体内分布

为检测Asia 1口蹄疫(Foot and mouth disease,FMD)重组病毒免疫原性和安全性,将构建表达Asia 1型口蹄疫病毒(Foot and mouth disease virus,FMDV)3C基因、P1-2A基因和猪白细胞介素18(Interleukin 18,IL-18)基因的重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C和rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18间隔2周免疫豚鼠3次,进行特异性抗体、中和抗体、淋巴细胞增殖、淋巴细胞亚类数量、IFN-γ、攻毒保护以及体内分布研究。重组鸡痘病毒可有效刺激豚鼠产生特异性抗体、中和抗体、T淋巴细胞亚类数量、IFN-γ分泌均显著高于对照组;重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18的T淋巴细胞亚类数量、T淋巴细胞转化和IFN-γ分泌高于重组病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C免疫组;2个重组病毒的攻毒保护率分别为4/5、3/5。2个重组病毒在接种最早12h可检测到重组病毒的基因,最晚7d可检测到重组病毒的基因。结果表明重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-P1-2A-3C和rFPV-3C-P1-2A-IL-18具有良好的免疫原性,可以有效抵御病毒的攻击,体内残留时间短,对免疫动物安全,为开发、应用新型FMDV疫苗奠定了基础。     

鸽接种鸡痘病毒体内抗体消长规律的研究

为检测免疫鸡痘病毒(FPV)的幼鸽体内抗体消长规律和毒性,将试验鸽分成4组,按一个使用剂量、增加免疫剂量、二次免疫和对照组对幼鸽进行刺种接种.试验组接种鸡痘病毒,对照组接种生理盐水.在试验期间鸽子精神状态良好,采食、饮水正常,未观察到病理变化.在免疫后1～8周采血,分离血清,进行抗FPV特异性抗体和中和抗体效价检测.免疫后1周中和抗体开始升高,3周达到高峰,4周开始下降,8周仍高于对照组;增加免疫剂量组和二次免疫组产生的抗体水平高,但消长规律与使用剂量组相同.结果表明鸡痘病毒能刺激鸽产生特异性抗体和中和抗体,且维持时间较长,无毒性,生物安全性好.     

不同佐剂对口蹄疫病毒样颗粒疫苗免疫效果的评价

口蹄疫(foot-and-mouth disease, FMD)是一种高度传染性疾病，严重影响着畜牧业的发展。近年来，病毒样颗粒(virus-like particles, VLPs)疫苗因具有安全、高效等优点，成为当前FMD疫苗研究热点。为解决FMDV VLPs疫苗免疫原性弱的问题，本研究选取CpG、GM-CSF和FliB佐剂，与ISA206联合后分别与FMDV VLPs配伍，免疫豚鼠后通过检测豚鼠特异性抗体、中和抗体、脾淋巴细胞增殖能力及FMDV的攻毒保护率，探究其对FMDV VLPs疫苗的免疫增强效果。结果表明，CpG与ISA206联合作为佐剂可有效地刺激机体产生更高水平的特异性抗体和中和抗体，同时能够提高动物的攻毒保护率，从而增强了FMDV VLPs疫苗的免疫效力，研究结果为FMDV VLPs疫苗及其他蛋白质类疫苗最优佐剂的选择提供了依据。     

表达马立克氏病病毒CVI988/Rispens糖蛋白B重组鸡痘病毒的免疫性及安全性

用表达马立克氏病病毒(MDV)Ⅰ型疫苗株CVI988/Rispens 糖蛋白B(gB)基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rF-PV-gB/R)和鸡痘病毒(FPV)疫苗株282E4 免疫1 日龄不同品种的鸡,来评价2 种病毒株的安全性及免疫性。试验结果表明,rFPV gB/R和FPV 282E4 免疫鸡后对FPV 强毒攻击均可提供100% 的保护,对有FPV母源抗体的商品蛋鸡安全无毒性,而对无母源抗体的SPF鸡的毒性则不同。斑点杂交和Southern 杂交证实,rFPV-gB/R 中无氨苄青霉素的抗性基因。     

表达H5亚型AIV HA和NA基因重组鸡痘病毒的构建及在高母源抗体商品鸡的免疫效力试验

母源抗体的干扰是重组鸡痘病毒(FPV)活载体基因工程疫苗至今未能得到推广应用的主要原因,本试验使用FPV新的复制非必需区构建的载体pP12-18构建在高母源抗体商品鸡具有较高免疫力的基因工程疫苗.将H5亚型禽流感病毒分离株的血凝素(HA)基因和神经氨酸酶(NA)基因定向插入鸡痘病毒转移载体pP12-18中,H5A和NA基因的启动子分别为PS和PE/L,获得用不同的启动子启动不同的外源基因且两基因盒方向为背向串联的重组转移载体p12LSH5HANA.将p12LSH5HANA转染至已感染鸡痘病毒282E4疫苗株(wt-FPV)的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)中.p12LSH5HANA与wt-FPV基因组DNA之间的同源重组产生了重组鸡痘病毒rFPV-12LSH5HANA.通过在含X-Gal的营养琼脂上连续挑选蓝色病毒蚀斑,获得纯化的重组病毒.经传代证实该重组病毒具有良好的遗传稳定性.用105PFU的rFPV-12LSH5HANA免疫无特定病原体(SPF)鸡,能激发机体产生有效的血凝抑制(HI)抗体.初步的动物试验表明,该重组病毒能使经滴鼻点眼攻毒的SPF鸡抵抗H5亚型AIV的致死性攻击,保护率为100%.在高母源抗体的商品鸡上,rFPV-12LSH5HANA与原有载体构建的重组疫苗rF-PV-11SH5HANA的免疫效力有显著差异,保护率分别为81.4%和45.4%.结果表明,选择FPV合适的复制非必需区构建载体是提高重组FPV在高母源抗体商品鸡免疫效力的有效策略之一.     

表达鸡马立克氏病病毒gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒与火鸡疱疹病毒二价冻干疫苗的免疫效力

对高效表达鸡马立克氏病(MD)血清型疫苗毒株CVI998/Rispens gB基因的重组鸡痘病毒(rFPV-gB/R)和火鸡疱疹病毒(HVT)组成MD二价冻干疫苗时2种病毒的最适剂量配比进行了研究。试验表明,以对MD易感、MD和鸡痘病毒(FPV)抗体阴性SPF鸡为试验动物进行的试验中,不同免疫剂量的rFPV-gB/R(1×106、1×105、1×104PFU)同HVT组成的二价苗产生的免疫效力相当;以对MD易感、MD和FPV抗体阳性的狼山鸡进行的试验中,不同免疫剂量的rFPV-gB/R同HVT组成的二价苗产生的免疫力随rFPV-gB/R免疫剂量的降低而降低;所有的rFPV-gB/R+HVT的二价苗组均有一定的免疫保护作用。     

共表达NDV F、IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒中和抗体消长规律

将海兰褐蛋雏鸡随机分为对照组、肌肉注射组、刺种Ⅰ组和刺种Ⅱ组,用共表达NDV F和IBDV VP0基因重组鸡痘病毒进行免疫,对照组刺种生理盐水,在免疫后的第7,14,21,28,35,42,49 d和56 d采血,分离血清,用固定病毒稀释血清法测血清中抗FPV,NDV,IBDV的中和抗体效价.经分析,抗FPV中和抗体效价及抗NDV中和抗体效价免疫后14 d达到高峰,28 d后下降幅度不明显,42 d时仍保持一定水平;抗IBDV中和抗体效价免疫后21 d达到高峰, 28 d后下降幅度不明显,42 d时仍保持一定水平.     

共表达新城疫病毒F基因、传染性法氏囊病病毒VP0基因的重组鸡痘病毒的抗原性和免疫原性

以鸡痘病毒(FPV)282E4株TK基因为侧翼,将2个相同的复合启动子ATI@p7.5×20以反向方式连接,分别调控新城疫病毒(NDV)F基因和传染性法氏囊病病毒(IBDV)VP0基因,得到重组转移质粒pVP0-2ATI@p7.5×20F.然后将该重组转移质粒用脂质体转染预先感染FPV 282E4株的鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF),在经BrdU(5-溴-脱氧尿嘧啶)加压处理后的CEF上传代,用间接免疫荧光试验、Western blot检测,有2株鸡痘病毒能同时表达NDV F蛋白和IBDV VP0蛋白.用这2株重组鸡痘病毒刺种商品Leghorn雏鸡,于刺种前及刺种后1、2、3周对抗NDV特异性抗体水平和淋巴细胞转化能力检测,结果发现,重组鸡痘病毒能激发机体产生良好的免疫反应.结果表明,重组鸡痘病毒可以作为疫苗备选株进行研究与开发.     

中国流行株HIV—1B亚型Gag重组鸡痘病毒构建及其免疫原性

在以鸡痘病毒(FPV)282E4株为基础构建的重组表达质粒pUTAL的ATI-P7.5复合启动子下游,插入编码中国流行株HIV-1 B亚型核心蛋白gag基因,构建了重组表达质粒pUTALG.重组质粒与FPV共转染CEF细胞,进行了同源重组.通过BUdR加压筛选,X-gal染色,获得重组鸡痘病毒vUTALG.Westernblot检测结果表明,重组病毒表达了Gag蛋白,裂解后其相对分子质量分别为55×103、48×103、24×l03和l 7×103.以重组病毒vUTALG免疫小鼠,与FPV对照比较,小鼠脾T淋巴细胞CD4+T细胞数和CD4+/CD8+值均有上升趋势,ConA、LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖能力增强,并能诱导CTL和HIV-1特异的血清抗体反应,说明该重组鸡痘病毒能提高小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫水平.     

CVC1302对O型口蹄疫病毒细菌样颗粒疫苗的免疫增强作用

为探究免疫增强剂CVC1302对O型口蹄疫(FMD)细菌样颗粒(BLP)疫苗的免疫增强作用,本研究将革兰氏阳性增强基质(GEM)处理的口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)VP1结构蛋白表位的重组蛋白B(T1BT2)4B与CVC1302混合,与白油佐剂乳化制成疫苗,免疫4周龄ICR小鼠及45日龄FMDV抗体阴性仔猪。免疫后利用FMDV VP1结构蛋白ELISA抗体检测试剂盒检测小鼠血清中的特异性ELISA抗体水平;利用淋巴细胞增殖试验检测免疫小鼠淋巴细胞增殖情况;利用荧光定量PCR方法检测免疫小鼠相关细胞因子水平以及利用液相阻断抗体检测试剂盒检测免疫仔猪血清中的液相阻断抗体滴度。结果显示,免疫增强剂CVC1302可以显著提高GEM-B(T1BT2)4B免疫后小鼠血清中的抗体水平(p0.05);小鼠T淋巴细胞增殖率及细胞因子IL-4、IFN-γ的转录水平均显著升高(p0.05);仔猪血清中的液相阻断抗体水平也明显高于对照组。以上结果表明免疫增强剂CVC1302可以提高O型FMD BLP疫苗的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,对FMD BLP疫苗具有较好的免疫增强作用。本研究为提高FMD亚单位疫苗的免疫效力提供了新的思路。     

Clinical and virological outcome of an infection with the Belgian equine arteritis virus strain 08P178

Equine viral arteritis (EVA) is an infectious disease with variable clinical outcome. Outbreaks, causing important economic losses, are becoming more frequent. Currently, there is a shortage of pathogenesis studies performed with European strains. In the present study, eight seronegative ponies were experimentally inoculated with the Belgian strain of equine arteritis virus (EAV) 08P178 (EU-1 clade) and monitored daily for clinical signs of EVA. Nasopharyngeal swabs, ocular swabs, bronchoalveolar cells and blood were collected for virological and serological testing. Two ponies were euthanized at 3, 7, 14, and 28 days post infection (DPI). After necropsy, specimens were collected for virus titration and immunofluorescence. EVA symptoms such as fever and lymphadenomegaly were evident from 3 to 10 DPI. Virus was isolated in nasal secretions from 2 to 9 DPI and in bronchoalveolar cells from 3 to 7 DPI. A cell-associated viraemia was detected from 3 to 10 DPI. After replication in the respiratory tract and draining lymph nodes, EAV reached secondary target organs (high virus titers in internal organs sampled at 7 DPI). At 14 DPI, virus titers dropped drastically and, at 28 DPI, only tonsils were positive. Immunofluorescence revealed both individual and clustered EAV-infected cells. Antibodies were detected starting from 7 DPI. It can be concluded that the Belgian strain 08P178 is a European mildly virulent subtype. At present, most European EAV strain infections were thought to run a subclinical course. This study is a proof that mildly virulent European EAV strains do exist in the field.     

流行性乙型脑炎病毒GI型毒株SD12在C57BL/6小鼠体内的动态分布研究

为了解流行性乙型脑炎病毒基因I型毒株SD12在感染C57BL/6小鼠体内的病毒分布,应用qRT-PCR方法检测该毒株在小鼠体内各组织的动态分布情况.结果显示腹腔感染组中2 dpi仅能在心脏和脾脏检测出病毒核酸,5～7 dpi能够在心脏、肝脏、脑部、盲肠和扁桃体检测到病毒核酸.血脑屏障受损的腹腔感染组中最早2 dpi在肠...     

Rapid detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 in the semen of infected bulls by a nested polymerase chain reaction assay.

A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed for the detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) in bovine semen and compared with the virus isolation method. When extended semen, commonly used in the bovine artificial insemination industry, was inoculated with BHV-1, the PCR assay detected BHV-1 DNA in semen inoculated at 0.25-2.5 TCID50 per 0.5 mL. In contrast, the lower limit of detection for virus isolation was 250 TCID50 of BHV-1 inoculated in 0.5 mL of extended semen. These methods were also used to detect BHV-1 in the semen of four bulls which were experimentally infected with BHV-1. All infected bulls demonstrated balanitis at 3 d post-inoculation (DPI) and severe balanoposthitis at 4 DPI. BHV-1 was detected in raw semen by virus isolation and PCR at 2 DPI, before balanitis was evident. For virus isolation, the last day that BHV-1 was detected during primary infection was 7 DPI for two bulls and 9 and 11 DPI for the other two bulls. In contrast, PCR detected BHV-1 in the bulls' semen until 14 or 18 DPI. For individual animals, PCR detected BHV-1 during primary infection for at least 1-10 d longer than virus isolation. Reactivation of BHV-1 from latency without the presence of visible lesions was promoted twice by two series of 5 d dexamethasone injections. For the first series of dexamethasone treatments, a positive virus isolation result was obtained on the 5th d of treatment for only one bull. In contrast, two bulls demonstrated evidence of viral reactivation on this day by PCR. All bulls shed BHV-1 in semen on d 4 after dexamethasone treatment, as evidenced by positive virus isolation and PCR results. One bull was still PCR positive 13 d later. For the second series of dexamethasone treatments, a small amount of virus was isolated from semen collected on d 3 or 4 after treatment for two bulls but not from the other two bulls. In contrast, semen samples from all bulls were PCR positive for either or both of these 2 d. In total, from 80 semen samples, 45 were PCR positive and 26 were virus isolation positive. Thus, the PCR assay detected BHV-1 shedding in bulls earlier, more often, and for a longer duration, than did the virus isolation method.     

PCR结合斑点杂交技术检测禽多瘤病毒方法的建立及应用

鹦鹉幼雏病是由禽类多瘤病毒(APV)引起的多种鹦鹉雏鸟死亡的急性病毒性传染病,严重危害鹦鹉养殖业的健康发展。为提高分子生物学方法检测APV的敏感性和特异性,对APV基因片段进行克隆和序列分析,设计合成1对特异性引物,以VP1基因为模板,经PCR扩增获得731 bp的核苷酸DNA,并用DIG标记,制备用于检测APV的特异性核酸探针;对制备的探针进行灵敏度检测,同时与普通PCR进行敏感性比较;使用制备的探针,对经分离鉴定和制备保存的其他7种禽病毒核酸进行特异性检测;用该核酸探针,对疑似感染APV的鹦鹉病料进行斑点杂交检测,并对鉴定为阳性的APV进行全基因组扩增和序列分析。结果显示:该探针可检测到2 pg量的APV特异性核酸片段;仅APV-VP1阳性核酸显色,呈现阳性反应,而阴性核酸和其他7种禽病毒核酸均不显色,呈阴性反应。结果表明:建立的核酸斑点杂交检测方法具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,可用于临床初步诊断。本方法的建立为我国开展APV分子流行病学调查及其感染的临床诊断提供了技术支撑。     

新疆伊犁州首起牛结节性皮肤病疫情的诊断及处置

2019年8月,在新疆伊犁州察布查尔县、伊宁市、霍城县的牛群中发现牛皮肤上长满大小不等的肿胀结节,伴有体温升高等临床症状,并有1头牛死亡。随后专家赶赴现场开展临床诊断和流行病学调查。根据病牛临床症状和剖检变化,初步判定为牛结节性皮肤病(LSD);采集发病牛样品,包括各种皮肤结节和血清,并采集肺脏、脾脏、淋巴结等脏器,送至省级实验室开展病原学、血清学检测,同时送至国家外来动物疫病研究中心确诊。省级实验室荧光PCR检测显示,发病牛样品为LSD病毒核酸阳性;ELISA检测显示,有16份牛血清LSD病毒抗体阳性。经国家外来动物疫病研究中心检测,送检的疑似病料确诊为LSD病毒核酸阳性,这是我国首起LSD疫情。通过做好疫源追踪、消毒灭源、疫情解封风险评估,同时在新疆伊犁州使用山羊痘疫苗紧急免疫防治LSD,后期持续临床监测显示没有新的疫情发生。     

3种从猪精液中提取病毒核酸方法的比较

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were used as representatives of DNA and RNA viruses, respectively. Healthy semen was spiked with viruses, and then nucleic acids were extracted using following methods, semen pretreatment combined with silicon colunm kit extraction (referred to column kit method),optimized TRIzol reagent procedure and a published method. The efficiency of each method was evaluated by Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR or PCR. The results indicated that the column kit method was more sensitive and useful in viral nucleic acids extraction procedure. The limit in natural semen and commercialized semen were 1.26 and 0.13 TCID₅₀/mL by Real-time fluorescent RT-PCR or PCR detection, respectively. The column kit method including sample pretreatment took less than 1 h, which was 0.5 h shorter than TRIzol procedure. This research established and optimized the method of extracting viral nucleic acid from boar semen.     

Detection of bovine immunodeficiency virus DNA in the blood and semen of experimentally infected bulls

Five 18- to 24-month-old bulls were inoculated with either a cell suspension containing bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV-FL112; 3 bulls) or a BIV-free cell suspension (2 bulls). Blood and semen specimens were collected once a week for 14 weeks, and seroconversion was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) testing. The presence of BIV in blood and semen was determined by virus isolation and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Antibodies to BIV were detected in the 3 experimentally infected bulls as early as day post inoculation (DPI) 17, and levels peaked at DPI 37-58. BIV was isolated from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) of the infected bulls at DPI 9 (2 bulls) and DPI 23 (1 bull), and could be isolated from one animal up to DPI 65. PCR analysis of MNC DNA, using BIV pol gene primers, detected virus in all three of the experimentally infected bulls from DPI 9 until the termination of the experiment at DPI 98. Efforts to isolate a significant number of non-spermatozoal cells (NSC) by gradient separation from the semen of the experimentally infected bulls were unsuccessful. Two methods for the extraction of total NSC DNA from up to 2 ml of non-extended semen were employed; however, no BIV pol fragment was amplified from these DNA preparations. Additionally, 30 bulls from artificial insemination (AI) centers were evaluated for BIV infection by PCR. No amplification products were obtained from MNC DNA from the AI submissions using primer sets for both the BIV pol and env genes.     

猪圆环病毒2型的分离与鉴定

利用PCR方法，从疑似断奶猪多系统衰竭综合征(PMWS)的自然病例的淋巴结和脾脏中扩增出了预期长度的猪圆环病毒2型(Porcine Circovirus type 2，PCV2)的DNA片段，并用限制性内切酶对PCR产物进行了酶切鉴定。将经PCR扩增和酶切鉴定为PCV2阳性的组织样品匀浆液接种到无PCV污染的PK15细胞中传代，经间接免疫荧光检查，在接毒细胞内观察到了特异性免疫荧光；用接毒细胞制备超薄切片，在电镜下观察到了直径大约为17nm的圆形病毒样粒子和大量不同形态的胞浆内包涵体。由此表明分离出的病毒为猪圆环病毒2型。