11种牛分枝杆菌抗原在牛结核病诊断中的初步评价

为筛选及评价用于牛结核病诊断的抗原,本试验将CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT51、MPT63、MPT64、MPB70、MPB83、Rv3872和Ag85B共11种牛分枝杆菌抗原分别作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,比较其对牛结核病的检出率;同时利用豚鼠和牛的皮试试验评价重组蛋白作为皮试试验刺激原的潜力。此外,将重组蛋白分别刺激结核病阳性牛和阴性牛的抗凝血24 h,检测血浆中的IFN-γ水平,评价各重组蛋白作为IFN-γ释放试验刺激原的潜力。结果显示,不同重组蛋白对结核病阳性血清的反应活性不一,MPB70总检出率最高,为59.7%;其次是Ag85B、ESAT-6和MPB83,检出率均在45%以上;MPT51的检出率最低,仅为2.2%。豚鼠和牛皮试试验均显示,单个重组蛋白作为刺激原难以产生令人满意的迟发型过敏反应（delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH）,而TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63或Rv3872作为补充抗原,分别与CFP-10或ESAT-6混合,均可特异性地刺激结核病阳性牛产生较强的DTH反应,且与PPD-B无显著差异（P>0.05）。重组蛋白CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4和MPT51均能刺激结核病牛全血释放一定的IFN-γ,其中CFP-10、CFP-10-ESAT-6串联蛋白和MPT51刺激结核病阳性牛全血释放的IFN-γ显著高于阴性牛（P<0.05）。因此,这11种牛分枝杆菌抗原并不适合单独用于牛结核病的血清学诊断、皮试试验或IFN-γ释放试验,但以CFP-10和ESAT-6为核心,TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63、Rv3872或MPT51作为其补充抗原,均能提高检测敏感性,有作为皮试试验和IFN-γ释放试验特异性刺激原用于牛结核病诊断的潜力。     

11种牛分枝杆菌抗原在牛结核病诊断中的初步评价

为筛选及评价用于牛结核病诊断的抗原,本试验将CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT51、MPT63、MPT64、MPB70、MPB83、Rv3872和Ag85B共11种牛分枝杆菌抗原分别作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA方法,比较其对牛结核病的检出率;同时利用豚鼠和牛的皮试试验评价重组蛋白作为皮试试验刺激原的潜力。此外,将重组蛋白分别刺激结核病阳性牛和阴性牛的抗凝血24h,检测血浆中的IFN-γ水平,评价各重组蛋白作为IFN-γ释放试验刺激原的潜力。结果显示,不同重组蛋白对结核病阳性血清的反应活性不一,MPB70总检出率最高,为59.7%;其次是Ag85B、ESAT-6和MPB83,检出率均在45%以上;MPT51的检出率最低,仅为2.2%。豚鼠和牛皮试试验均显示,单个重组蛋白作为刺激原难以产生令人满意的迟发型过敏反应(delayed type hypersensitivity,DTH),而TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63或Rv3872作为补充抗原,分别与CFP-10或ESAT-6混合,均可特异性地刺激结核病阳性牛产生较强的DTH反应,且与PPD-B无显著差异(P0.05)。重组蛋白CFP-10、ESAT-6、TB10.4和MPT51均能刺激结核病牛全血释放一定的IFN-γ,其中CFP-10、CFP-10-ESAT-6串联蛋白和MPT51刺激结核病阳性牛全血释放的IFN-γ显著高于阴性牛(P0.05)。因此,这11种牛分枝杆菌抗原并不适合单独用于牛结核病的血清学诊断、皮试试验或IFN-γ释放试验,但以CFP-10和ESAT-6为核心,TB10.4、TB27.4、MPT64、MPT63、Rv3872或MPT51作为其补充抗原,均能提高检测敏感性,有作为皮试试验和IFN-γ释放试验特异性刺激原用于牛结核病诊断的潜力。     

牛分枝杆菌CFP-10和ESAT-6基因的融合表达及其抗原活性鉴定

CFP-10和ESAT-6是牛分枝杆菌的免疫优势抗原,可诱导机体产生IFN-γ,在牛结核病的免疫诊断中发挥重要作用。本试验分别克隆了牛分枝杆菌CFP-10和ESAT-6基因,并将这2个基因融合扩增,构建重组表达质粒pET28a/CFP-10-ESAT-6,重组质粒在大肠杆菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达。重组蛋白主要以分泌表达的形式存在于表达上清中,收集上清中的目的蛋白进行Ni亲和层析柱和分子筛两步纯化,蛋白纯度分别达到90%和95%。将纯化的重组蛋白以2mg/L的质量浓度包被酶标反应板,用间接ELISA方法检测不同来源牛血清中的结核病抗体,结果表明,表达的重组融合蛋白具有良好的抗原活性,可有效识别阴、阳性结核病血清。     

融合蛋白Rv3872/CFP-10/ESAT-6的制备及在牛结核诊断中的初步应用

本研究通过融合表达Rv3872、CFP-10和ESAT-6蛋白,以改良牛结核病特异性鉴别诊断抗原CFP-10-ESAT-6,提高牛结核抗体鉴别诊断法的灵敏度。利用PCR方法,克隆牛分枝杆菌RD1区上述三个基因,通过酶切连接方法,将三个基因串联在pET-28a载体上,基因之间用Linker序列连接。融合基因在大肠杆菌内经IPTG0.4mmol/L诱导3h,目的蛋白经SDS-PAGE证实表达在上清中,Western-blot分析证实表达蛋白具有免疫原性。以所表达的融合蛋白作为包被抗原建立间接ELISA,检测了44份牛分枝杆菌感染背景清楚的临床奶牛血清。26份阳性血清中,Rv3872-CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白ELISA检出阳性样本18份,检测灵敏度为69%,而CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白ELISA只检出阳性样本4份。18份阴性血清中,两种ELISA均检出17份阴性血清,特异性都为94%（17/18）。因此,Rv3872-CFP-10-ESAT-6融合蛋白在对牛结核抗体检测特异性没有降低的情况下,敏感性获得了显著提高,这对牛结核病的早期鉴别诊断方法的建立具有重要意义。     

结核分支杆菌MPT83在真核、原核表达载体中的克隆、表达与鉴定

为了克隆、鉴定和表达结核分支杆菌抗原蛋白 MPT83 ,为结核病的诊断以及亚单位疫苗、核酸疫苗的制备和应用奠定基础。以结核分支杆菌标准菌株 H3 7RV基因组 DNA为模板 ,PCR扩增目的基因 mpt83 ,扩增产物酶切后分别克隆到真核、原核表达载体 p JW43 0 3和p ET2 2 b( )中 ,构成重组真、原核表达载体 83eu和 MPT83。经酶切和序列鉴定为正确的重组真核表达载体 83 eu和重组原核表达载体MPT83 ,分别转染 COS7细胞和转化 BL2 1( DE3 ) plys S。结果表明 ,经 SDS-PAGE、Westernblotting检测显示 ,IPTG诱导的原核表达载体MPT83在 2 .6万处有正确而特异的蛋白条带 ;转染 COS7细胞的真核表达载体 83 eu,Westernblotting检测表明也有与结核分支杆菌抗血清特异反应的蛋白条带     

牛分支杆菌ESAT-6/Ag85B/Mtb8.4基因与牛IL-2基因融合表达

本研究拟制备牛IL-2与牛分支杆菌ESAT-6、Ag85B和Mtb8.4基因的融合蛋白。从患结核病鹿的肺组织中分离牛分支杆菌并提取基因组DNA,PCR扩增牛分支杆菌ESAT-6、Ag85B和Mtb8.4基因;提取牛淋巴细胞,经总RNA提取、RT-PCR得到了IL-2基因片段。经测序鉴定后,将4个目的片段重组,构建原核表达载体,并对表达的融合蛋白进行鉴定。克隆出了牛IL-2,以及牛分支杆菌ESAT-6、Ag85B和Mtb8.4基因;构建了原核表达载体pME290-SDCZ,并表达出了融合蛋白;Western印迹结果证实该重组蛋白能与抗牛分支杆菌多克隆抗体发生特异免疫结合反应。制备了牛IL-2与牛分支杆菌ESAT-6、Ag85B和Mtb8.4融合蛋白,本研究为下一步研制重组牛结核亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

牛结核病抗体胶体金快速检测技术的建立和应用

为了建立一种快速检测牛分支杆菌抗体的新方法用于诊断牛结核病,利用胶体金免疫层析技术原理,用原核诱导表达的牛分支杆菌抗原蛋白MPB83和MPB70分别作为胶体金标记抗原和检测线上的捕获抗原,制备牛结核抗体检测试纸条.结果表明,粒径为40 nm的胶体金制备的试纸条敏感性最高,胶体金最佳标记pH为6.0,MPB83抗原最适标记量为每毫升胶体金6.5 μg,MPB70抗原的最适包被浓度为3.0 mg/mL,抗MPB83蛋白IgG的最佳包被浓度为2.5 mg/mL,交叉试验证明试纸条不与牛的其他非相关疾病的阳性血清反应,具有较高的特异性.比较试验证明其敏感性显著高于韩国进口试纸条.在上述试验条件下生产了一批胶体金试纸条进行临床样品检测,并与细菌分离培养、结核菌素皮内变态反应(TST)和韩国试纸条比较.本试纸条与牛分支杆菌分离培养的符合率为85%,与TST的符合率为79.73%,与韩国试纸条的符合率为98.75%.快速检测牛结核抗体的免疫层析试纸条具有敏感、特异、简便、快速的特点,适用于对牛结核病进行普查和检疫,也可作为TST的辅助诊断方法,在牛结核病根除计划中具有良好的应用前景.     

间接ELISA检测牛分枝杆菌抗体方法的建立及初步应用

针对现行牛结核病检疫方法结核菌素皮内变态反应(TST)的不足,本研究选用牛分枝杆菌特异性抗原MPB83、MPB70及CFP10与ESAT-6融合蛋白(CFP10-ESAT-6)分别建立了检测牛分枝杆菌特异抗体的间接酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)。上述3种抗原中一种以上抗原的特异性抗体为阳性时,即可判断为结核检测阳性。以TST为标准,判断ELISA方法的敏感性与特异性。结果证明,ELISA方法具有较好的敏感性(71.4%)。对ELISA检测为强阳性的奶牛进行细菌分离,并对5头结核菌分离阳性奶牛进行TST检测,结果有3头为TST阳性,2头可疑,显示出ELISA方法对严重感染牛的检测较TST具有更高的敏感性。由于TST与ELISA分别以细胞免疫与体液免疫为基础,两种检测方法结合应用可进一步提高牛结核病的检出率。     

牛分支杆菌MPB70和CFP10-ESAT6基因的表达与检测

以牛分支杆菌染色体DNA为模板,分别以MPB70、CFP10-ESAT6融合蛋白基因特异性引物进行PCR扩增,获得约600 bp的DNA片段,并将其克隆入PQE30质粒,构建出原核表达载体PQE30-MPB70,PQE30-CFP10-ESAT6.将质粒转化至感受态DH5α中,经IPTG诱导和SDS-PAGE分析,可见相应外源蛋白带.纯化蛋白后作为包被抗原建立ELISA方法,为进一步研究牛结核病诊断方法奠定基础.     

牛结核杆菌MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的原核表达及抗原反应性分析

为增强单个蛋白的抗原性,利用(Gly4Ser)3柔性连接肽将牛结核杆菌MPB70和ESAT-6融合。采用重叠延伸PCR技术将牛结核杆菌mpb70与esat-6基因连接,获得融合基因mpb70-esat-6,连接至T-Vector pMD19中,获得克隆质粒pMD-70-esat-6。经Bam HⅠ、EcoRⅠ酶切、纯化,并与p ET28a(+)载体连接,构建了pET-70-esat-6重组表达质粒。SDS-PAGE发现,在27.2 ku处表达了融合蛋白MPB70-ESAT-6,Western blotting证实,MPB70-ESAT-6与牛结核阳性血清反应性良好。MPB70-ESAT-6融合蛋白的研究为牛结核病诊断抗原及相关疫苗研究奠定了基础。     

结核分枝杆菌三种分泌蛋白在原核表达载体中的克隆、表达与鉴定

对结核分枝杆菌的三种分泌蛋白Ag85B,ESAT-6和MPT－64基因进行克隆、鉴定与表达，为结核病诊断、重组疫苗应用和免疫效应检测打下基础。以结核杆菌H37RV株基因组DNA为模板，用PCR法对基因Ag85B、ESAT－6、MPT－64进行扩增，产物与载体质粒pET22b和pGEX-4T-1构建表达Ag85B、ESAT－6、MPT－64的重组质粒，将此重组质粒先转化到大肠杆菌DH5a内抽提质粒，酶切检验，再转化入表达宿主大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）PLysS菌株内，对转化菌株以IPTG进行诱导后，破菌，离心，上清进行SDS－PAGE电泳，电泳发现转化了重组质粒的菌株有表达蛋白，所表达的蛋白质相对分子质量为30000、6000、50000。结果表明：目的基因克隆到菌株内，重组结核杆菌分泌蛋白Ag85B、ESAT－6、MPT－64的成功表达为结核病诊断、重组疫苗应用和免疫效应检测以及上述三种抗原、抗体的大规模制备打下基础。     

Antigen specific immunological responses of badgers (Meles meles) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium bovis

European badgers (Meles meles) are considered to be an important reservoir of infection for Mycobacterium bovis and are implicated in the transmission of tuberculosis to cattle in Ireland and Great Britain. Accurate tests are required for tuberculosis surveillance in badger populations and to provide a basis for the development of strategies, including vaccination, to reduce the incidence of the infection. In this study, we have developed an endobronchial M. bovis infection model in badgers in which we measured cell-mediated immune and serological responses for up to 24 weeks post-infection. Groups of badgers were subjected to necropsy at 6-week intervals and the gross lesion severity status compared with immune responses measured in blood samples taken throughout the course of the study. The panel of antigens included bovine and avian tuberculins (PPD) as well as single antigens, ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB70, Rv3019c, Rv3873, Rv3878 and Rv3879, all known to be recognised by the immune system in other animal models of tuberculosis infection. Our results demonstrated that M. bovis infected badgers responded to specific antigens as early as 6 weeks post-infection, consistent with the presence of visible lesions. The data also revealed unique patterns of antigen recognition with high levels of PBMC proliferation in the presence of CFP-10 but low proliferation levels with ESAT-6. Using a multi-antigen print immunoassay (MAPIA), we were able to confirm that MPB83 is the dominant antigen recognised by serum antibodies in infected badgers.     

Molecular analyses of mycobacteria other than the M. tuberculosis complex isolated from Northern Ireland cattle

Mycobacteria other than the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MOTT), isolated from Northern Ireland cattle, were identified by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, and subsequent reverse cross blot hybridisation and sequence analyses. Elucidation of the MOTT species was to facilitate specificity testing of new and existing diagnostic test reagents for bovine tuberculosis. The presence of the genes for potential diagnostic antigens: MPB70, MPB64, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 in the isolated MOTT species was investigated. Molecular analyses of cultured isolates from bovine lymph node specimens of 48 cattle identified a wide variety of mycobacterial species including Mycobacterium nonchromogenicum, Mycobacterium malmoense, Mycobacterium bohemicum, Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium holsaticum, Mycobacterium palustre, Mycobacterium sp. IWGMT 90210, Mycobacterium sp. LIV-2129, a potentially novel mycobacterial species (EMBL/GenBank/DDBJ Accession Number AJ617495) and Rhodococcus equi. Apart from M. kansasii, the results of traditional (standard phenotypic and biochemical) and molecular identification methods did not correlate well, with traditional methods identifying fewer species. Most of the species identified were either recognised pathogenic or potential pathogenic species. The genes for ESAT-6, CFP-10 and, unusually, MPB64 were detected in M. kansasii only. The MPB70 gene was not detected in any of the species. This study supported restricted species distribution of these genes as well as identifying a different range of MOTT species that could be included in specificity testing of new diagnostic reagents for bovine tuberculosis.     

结核分支杆菌HSP65 DNA疫苗的制备和重组蛋白的原核表达

结核分支杆菌分子量为65ku的热应激蛋白(HSP65)是一种非常重要的抗原，为了研制结核病核酸疫苗，构建编码HSP65DNA，并将其分别克隆到原核和真核载体中进行了表达。以标准结核分支杆菌H37Rv基因组DNA为模板，用PCR法扩增出HSP65基因，经限制性内切酶消化后，插入真核表达栽体pJW4303中，获得重组质粒pJW-HSP65。同时将HSP65基因插入原核表达栽体pET-22b( )，获得重组质粒pET22b-HSP65。将pET22b-HSP65重组质粒转化大肠杆菌蛋白酶缺陷型菌株BL21(DE3)／PolysS，用IPTG诱导，进行蛋白表达。结果表明，经酶切鉴定和序列测定证实插入片断为目的基因HSP65，构建成功了真核重组质粒pJW-HSP65即可作为结核病DNA疫苗。经SDS-PAGE检验证明可以在大肠杆菌细胞中高效表达，将表达蛋白进行纯化，作为保护性结核杆菌抗原以便检测HSP65DNA疫苗的免疫效果。     

牛结核分枝杆菌重组多抗原表位基因的原核表达与鉴定

利用DNAStar对牛结核分枝杆菌的3个主要抗原mpb70、mpb83、esat-6进行预测分析,将预测的抗原指数高的抗原表位经全基因合成后,克隆到表达载体pET28a(+)中,构建重组质粒pET28a-mpb-70-83-esat-6,转化入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中诱导表达,表达产物经SDS-PAGE鉴定,结果检测到相对分子质量约为21 000的重组蛋白。经NI-NTA纯化重组蛋白后进行Western-blot鉴定,结果显示该重组蛋白可被牛结核分枝杆菌的多克隆抗体识别,表明该蛋白具有良好的反应原性。     

Use of mycobacterial peptides and recombinant proteins for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in skin test-positive cattle

More accurate tests are required to test cattle which have reacted positively in the tuberculin skin test. For this purpose, a range of mycobacterial antigens, MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, ESAT-6 and CFP10, were used either as recombinant proteins or as synthetic peptides in the whole blood interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) test. Groups of uninfected cattle with typical 'non-specificity' problems were targeted, in particular animals with skin tuberculosis, animals vaccinated against Johne's disease and animals that were positive in the standard purified protein derivative (PPD)-based IFN-gamma test. The two study groups consisted of 74 Mycobacterium bovis-culture positive animals and 72 uninfected animals, all of which tested positive in the caudal fold tuberculin skin test eight to 28 days before the blood test. The use of combinations of ESAT-6 and CFP10 antigens, either as recombinant proteins or peptides, detected similar percentages of M bovis-infected animals as the PPD-based IFN-gamma test, but produced significantly fewer false positive reactions. The PPD-based IFN-gamma test was very effective in differentiating animals vaccinated against Johne's disease that were skin-test positive from those with bovine tuberculosis, and the use of PPD or specific mycobacterial antigens minimised the number of false positive reactions in animals with skin tuberculosis.     

牛结核分枝杆菌MPB70蛋白分泌性载体的构建与蛋白表达

为了研究牛结核病新型诊断抗原,试验根据GenBank中Mycobacterium bovis基因序列设计1对引物,将牛结核分枝杆菌MPB70基因构建到pET22b(+)原核表达载体上,将重组载体转到E.coliBL21(DE3)中,经IPTG诱导获得高效表达,并进行SDS-PAGE和Westen-blot分析。结果表明:MPB70蛋白以可溶形式在细胞周质中表达,有部分蛋白以包涵体形式在细胞质中表达,其分子质量约为30ku,蛋白表达量占菌体总蛋白的20%;重组MPB70蛋白可与牛分枝杆菌阳性血清发生特异性反应。说明重组MPB70蛋白能够作为诊断抗原。