基因表达的影响

 试验旨在研究不同日粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡脂肪沉积及脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）基因mRNA表达影响。试验以3周龄北京油鸡公鸡为研究对象，将480只公鸡随机分为4组，分别饲喂4个代谢能水平的日粮（12.122、12.540、12.958和13.376 MJ/kg），每个处理组5个重复，每个重复24只鸡。试验期为10周。采用荧光定量PCR方法检测LPL基因mRNA表达水平。结果表明，日粮代谢能水平对鸡体脂沉积各项指标和LPL基因mRNA表达水平影响极显著，随日粮代谢能水平提高，各项体脂沉积指标极显著上升，胸肌和腿肌IMF、皮脂重和皮脂率在ME3达到峰值，LPL基因mRNA表达水平在ME2组达到峰值（P＜0.01）。LPL基因mRNA表达水平与腹脂率、皮脂重和皮脂率呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。研究结果提示，日粮代谢能水平显著影响北京油鸡体脂沉积和LPL基因mRNA表达；LPL基因表达影响北京油鸡体脂沉积状况。     

饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对14～17周龄不同性别北京油鸡育肥期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质及血清生化指标的影响，为确定北京油鸡适宜饲粮代谢能水平提供依据。本试验严格按照完全随机区组试验设计进行。选取13周龄北京油鸡600只，公母各占1/2，根据体重一致原则随机分为6组，其中3个组均为公鸡，另外3个组均为母鸡，每组5个重复，每个重复20只。3个组分别为低代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.20 MJ/kg）、中代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为12.64 MJ/kg）、高代谢能组（饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg）。预试期1周，正试期4周（14～17周龄）。结果显示：1）高代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的平均日增重显著高于其他2组（P <0.05），且高代谢能组母鸡的料重比显著低于其他2组（P <0.05），饲粮代谢能水平为13.08 MJ/kg时公鸡和母鸡有较好的生长性能。2）公鸡方面，低代谢能组的腿肌率显著高于其他2组（P<0.05）；母鸡方面，低代谢能组的全净膛率显著高于高代谢能组（P<0.05），翅膀率显著低于高代谢能组（P <0.05）。低代谢能组公鸡和母鸡的皮脂...     

饲粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪含量的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮代谢能水平对不同脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因型北京油鸡屠宰性能和肌内脂肪(IMF)含量的影响。选择体重相近的42日龄北京油鸡公鸡480只,随机分成4组(每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡),采用3层阶梯式笼养,分别饲喂代谢能为11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65 M J/kg的饲粮(Ⅰ~Ⅳ组)。试验期48 d。试验结束后,所有鸡只全部宰杀,测定屠宰性能;每个重复随机选取7只鸡,翅静脉采血,据A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变进行基因分型,即未突变型(MM)、杂合型(MN)和突变型(NN),并测定IM F含量。结果表明:1)Ⅲ组(13.02 M J/kg代谢能组)北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率、全净膛率显著高于Ⅰ组(11.76 MJ/kg代谢能组)和Ⅱ组(12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组)(P<0.05),但与Ⅳ组(13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组)无显著差异(P>0.50)。2)13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡腹脂率分别是11.76、12.39、13.02 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.65、2.43和2.50倍,差异显著(P<0.05);与中等代谢能(12.39和13.02 MJ/kg)相比,高代谢能(13.65 MJ/kg)可增加NN北京油鸡的腹脂率,但对MM和MN无显著影响(P>0.10)。3)12.39 MJ/kg代谢能组北京油鸡胸肌IMF含量分别是11.76、13.02和13.65 MJ/kg代谢能组的1.35、1.34和1.32倍,差异显著(P<0.05),后3组间差异不显著(P>0.05);MM北京油鸡腿肌IMF含量和脂肪组织中A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平显著高于M N和NN(P<0.05),且A-FABP基因mRNA表达水平与腿肌IM F含量和基因型均存在显著相关性(P<0.01)。由此可见,13.02 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮提高了7~13周龄北京油鸡的活体重、屠体率和全净膛率;13.65 MJ/kg代谢能饲粮增加了北京油鸡的腹脂率,尤其是A-FABP基因外显子1第51位碱基C→T突变的北京油鸡,但未提高肌肉IMF含量。     

爱拔益加肉鸡和北京油鸡脂肪代谢及其相关基因表达的比较研究

为了探讨引起爱拔益加(AA)肉鸡和北京油鸡脂肪沉积表观差异的内在因素,本研究比较了AA肉鸡(56日龄)与北京油鸡(56日龄和114日龄)的体脂沉积、血脂代谢、脂肪细胞因子浓度、脂肪代谢相关酶活性以及相关基因mRNA的表达量.试验选用1日龄AA肉鸡60只和北京油鸡120只,分别随机分为6个重复.结果表明,56日龄AA肉鸡腹脂率高于同日龄的北京油鸡(P<0.05),但是低于114日龄的北京油鸡(P<0.05).56日龄从肉鸡血浆总甘油三酯、游离脂肪酸和脂联素浓度,血浆脂蛋白酯酶和肝脏苹果酸脱氢酶活性均低于56日龄和114日龄北京油鸡(P<0.05).56日龄AA肉鸡肝脏载脂蛋白A-Ⅰ(apoA-Ⅰ)基因mRNA表达量高于56日龄和114日龄北京油鸡(P<0.05),脂联素基因mRNA表达量高于114日龄北京油鸡(P<0.05).56日龄AA肉鸡腹脂中的甘油三酯脂酶(ATGL)基因和心脏型脂肪酸结合蛋白(H-FABP)基因mRNA表达量高于114日龄的北京油鸡(P<0.05),脂肪型脂肪酸结合蛋白(A-FABP)基因mRNA表达量低于114日龄北京油鸡(P<0.05);56日龄AA肉鸡腹脂过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ(PPARγ)基因mRNA表达量低于56日龄北京油鸡(P<0.05).腹脂A-FABP基因mRNA表达量与腹脂率显著正相关(P<0.05);腹脂ATOL基因、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体α(PPARα)基因、肝脏apoA-Ⅰ基因和脂联素基因mRNA表达量均与腹脂H-FABP基因mRNA表达量显著正相关(P<0.05).结果提示:北京油鸡血浆脂蛋白酯酶和肝脏苹果酸脱氢酶活性高于AA肉鸡,从而导致较高的血浆总甘油三酯和游离脂肪酸浓度,这可能是北京油鸡脂肪沉积较高的内在因素之一.A-FABP基因是造成2个品种腹脂沉积量差异的关键基因,H-FABP基因是脂类代谢通路上的关键基因.     

饲粮代谢能水平对7～13周龄北京油鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响

为研究饲粮代谢能水平对北京油鸡生产性能及肉品质的影响,试验设4个饲粮代谢能水平:11.76、12.39、13.02和13.65MJ/kg;选用43日龄480只公鸡和80只母鸡随机分成4组,每组公鸡6个重复,每个重复公鸡20只;母鸡每组20只每个重复1只.试验期为49 d.结果表明,随饲粮能量水平的升高,北京油鸡(公鸡)的采食量降低(P＜0.05),饲料转化率提高(P＜0.05);屠体重、全净膛重、产肉量(胸肌和腿肌)提高(P＜0.05),公鸡产肉量显著高于母鸡(P＜0.05);随饲粮代谢能增加,胸、腿肌脂肪含量升高(P＜0.05),腿肌肌肉亮度和黄度值增加,红度值降低(P＜0.05);母鸡胸、腿肌脂肪含量及腹脂率均高于公鸡(P＜0.05).     

兴义矮脚鸡屠宰性能、肌肉品质及LPL基因表达的研究

为了研究兴义矮脚鸡的屠宰性能、肌肉品质、肌肉氨基酸含量及LPL基因mRNA的表达情况。屠宰了14周龄同批孵出的兴义矮脚鸡100只(公、母各半)。结果表明:公、母鸡屠宰率分别为87.40%、87.97%,公鸡的活重、半净膛率、全净膛率等均极显著(P<0.01)地高于母鸡;腹脂率极显著(P<0.01)低于母鸡。公鸡肌肉的脂肪含量(1.99%)、干物质含量(26.24%)显著低于母鸡的2.37%、27.31%(P<0.05),公鸡的蛋氨酸、缬氨酸含量显著低于母鸡(P<0.05)。腹脂、皮脂、肌肉的LPL mRNA表达量有性别差异性,而且也存在肝、腹脂、皮脂、肌肉等组织差异性。综上所述,兴义矮脚鸡公鸡产肉性能较好;母鸡的风味和营养价值较高,LPL基因mRNA的表达有组织和性别差异性。     

日粮能量水平对长白猪体质量、脂蛋白酯酶活性及其基因表达的影响

为探讨日粮能量水平对长白猪脂蛋白酯酶基因(lipoprteinlipase,LPL)mRNA相对表达量的影响,选用同日出生的90日龄(d)长白猪24头(去势公猪12头和母猪12头),按日粮能量水平分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头,饲喂至180d,统一屠宰取样,采用qRT-PCR方法检测2组长白猪肾周脂肪、肝脏、皮下脂肪和背最长肌中LPL基因mRNA的相对表达量,并测定背最长肌中LPL酶活性。结果表明,LPL基因在2组试验猪组织间的表达模式基本相似,在肾周脂肪中的表达量最高,背最长肌中的表达量最低;组间的比较结果显示,H组(高能量组)肾周脂肪组织中LPL基因mRNA表达量极显著高于L组(低能量组)(P0.01),但皮下脂肪和背最长肌中差异不显著(P0.05);H组在150,180d的体质量均显著高于L组(P0.05);同样H组LPL酶活性和背膘厚显著高于L组(P0.05)。结果提示,日粮能量水平可以影响猪LPL基因mRNA的表达水平及LPL活性,进而影响皮下脂肪和肌内脂肪沉积。     

鸡肌内脂肪双向选择对脂肪性状及相关基因mRNA表达的影响

本试验旨在研究鸡肌内脂肪（IMF）双向选择对脂肪性状及相关基因mRNA表达的影响。试验采用北京油鸡肌内脂肪双向选育系和对照系雏鸡,饲养至56和120 d时,每个系分别屠宰30只母鸡,测定胸肌和腿肌IMF含量、腹脂重、腹脂率及LPL、H-FABP和A-FABP基因mRNA表达量,比较双选系各性状差异,分析IMF遗传选择效果。结果表明,上选系肌肉IMF含量和肉色亮度值（L^＊）显著大于下选系（P〈0.05）,胸肉终pH（pHu）显著低于下选系（P〈0.05）。LPL基因在120日龄上选系腹脂中的mRNA表达量显著高于下选系（P〈0.05）,下选系胸肌中H-FABP基因mRNA的表达显著高于上选系（P〈0.05）。结果表明IMF的双向选择是有效的,该双选系可以作为未来基因定位和基因互作效应研究的宝贵资源群体。     

饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白水平对京典北京鸭屠宰性能、血清生化指标及脂代谢相关基因表达的影响

研究旨在探讨饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白对生长育肥期京典北京鸭公鸭屠宰性能、血清生化指标、肝脏脂质代谢相关基因表达的影响。试验采用2×3试验设计，将240只18日龄京典北京鸭公鸭随机分为6组，每组8个重复，每个重复5只。试验设置2个粗蛋白水平16.5%、17.5%,3个代谢能水平（11.9、12.34、12.8 MJ/kg），饲喂20 d,38日龄屠宰。结果显示：(1)饲粮粗蛋白与代谢能的互作效应对京典北京鸭公鸭皮脂率有显著影响（P<0.05）,16.5%粗蛋白水平的公鸭皮脂率显著高于17.5%粗蛋白水平（P<0.05）,17.5%粗蛋白水平的全净膛率显著高于16.5%粗蛋白水平（P<0.05）。(2)饲粮代谢能和粗蛋白的互作效应对公鸭血清总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）有显著影响（P<0.05），对血清尿酸（UA）和甘油三酯（TG）水平有极显著影响（P<0.01）;12.8 MJ/kg代谢能水平的公鸭血清TP、ALB和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）显著高于其他代谢能水平（P<0.05）,17.5%粗蛋白水平的HDL-C显著...     

日粮能量水平对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及HL基因表达的影响

选用35日龄、体重相近的扬州鹅200只,随机分成4组,每组5个重复,每个重复10只(公、母各半),分别饲喂4个代谢能水平的日粮(A组10.11、B组11.19、C组12.37和D组13.45 MJ/kg),研究其对扬州鹅脂肪代谢及肝脂酶(HL)基因表达的影响。结果表明:与A组相比,D组扬州鹅的屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率极显著提高(P<0.01);随着能量水平的提高,血清极低密度脂蛋白和甘油三酯显著降低,低密度脂蛋白、高密度脂蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶、肝脂酶活性及其表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,日粮能量水平显著影响扬州鹅机体脂肪代谢和HL基因mRNA的表达。     

冷应激对新疆阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶mRNA表达的影响

为研究冷应激对阿勒泰羊脂蛋白脂酶(lipoprotein lipase,LPL)mRNA表达的影响,试验分别采集冷应激前与冷应激后阿勒泰羊6个部位的组织,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测各组织中LPL mRNA的表达水平,分析其在不同部位中表达的变化.结果显示,阿勒泰羊LPL mRNA表达量在冷应激后显著或极显著升高(P<0.05;P<0.01),其中颈部肌间脂肪和尾部脂肪冷应激后表达量最高.表明阿勒泰羊在低温下脂肪组织的动员能力较强,使机体产热增加,以抵抗冷应激.     

猪生长肥育期背最长肌LPL基因表达与肌内脂肪含量相关研究

选取健康、体重接近10 kg的杜洛克×长白×大约克去势公猪36头,体重达10,20,35,50,80,110 kg时各屠宰6头。从背最长肌提取总RNA,反转录为cDNA,以猪β-actin基因作为内参,利用实时荧光定量RT-PCR技术,对各阶段LPL mRNA进行相对定量分析;结合IMF含量及大理石纹评分,分析LPL基因表达水平对IMF含量等的影响。结果表明:LPL mRNA、IMF含量及大理石纹评分随体重增加均呈上升趋势,其中LPL mRNA表达量80 kg阶段显著高于10~50 kg阶段(P<0.05),肌内脂肪和大理石纹评分110 kg均高于10~50 kg阶段(P<0.01);IMF含量与大理石纹评分和LPL基因表达水平均呈现极显著正相关(P<0.01)。     

Comparing mRNA levels of genes encoding leptin,leptin receptor,and lipoprotein lipase between dairy and beef cattle

Body weight and fat mass vary distinctly between German Holstein (dairy cattle) and Charolais (beef cattle). The aim of this study was to determine whether the expression of the obese (Ob) gene and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in fat tissues and expression of the long isoform leptin receptor (Ob-Rb) gene in the hypothalamus were different between these two cattle breeds. Body weight and the area of longissimus muscle cross-section of German Holstein were lower (P<0.001), while body fat content, as well as the omental and perirenal fat mass were higher (P<0.001), compared to Charolais. Plasma insulin and leptin levels between two cattle breeds were determined by radioimmunoassay. Compared to Charolais, plasma insulin concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.01), and plasma leptin levels were tended to be higher (P<0.1) in German Holstein. Ob mRNA levels in subcutaneous and perirenal fat depots, but not in the omental fat depot, were significantly higher (P<0.05) in German Holstein than in Charolais. LPL mRNA expression in the perirenal fat depot of German Holstein was greater in abundance than that of Charolais. No significantly different LPL mRNA levels were found in subcutaneous and omental fat depots, and Ob-Rb mRNA levels in the hypothalamus between these two cattle breeds (P<0.05). Both Ob and LPL expression was greater in perirenal and omental fat depots than in the subcutaneous fat depot (P<0.05). Data indicated that in bovine the Ob and LPL gene expression levels in perirenal fats are an important index that is associated with body fat content, while Ob-Rb in hypothalamus is not.     

Effect of flax supplementation and growth promotants on lipoprotein lipase and glycogenin messenger RNA concentrations in finishing cattle

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) hydrolyzes triacylglycerols into monoacylglycerol and fatty acids, which are taken up by tissues and used for energy. Glycogenin is the core protein on which glycogen molecules are synthesized. There is one molecule of glycogenin per molecule of glycogen in skeletal muscle; therefore, glycogen storage is limited by the amount of glycogenin present in muscle. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of feeding flaxseed, a source of PUFA, and administering a growth promoter on steady-state LPL and glycogenin mRNA content of muscle in finishing cattle. Sixteen crossbred steers (initial BW = 397 kg), given ad libitum access to a 92% concentrate diet for 28 d, were used in a four-treatment, 2 x 2 factorial experiment, with flaxseed supplementation (0 or 5% of dietary DM) and implanting (not implanted or implanted with Revalor-S) as the main effects. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the LM at 0, 14, and 28 d, and used to quantify LPL and glycogenin mRNA concentrations using real-time quantitative PCR. Implanting with Revalor-S did not affect LPL (P = 0.13) or glycogenin (P = 0.98) mRNA concentrations. A day x flaxseed interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for both LPL and glycogenin mRNA concentrations. No differences (P > 0.10) were observed between 0 and 5% flaxseed supplemented steers; however, at 28 d, nonflaxseed-fed steers had 4.1- and 5.7-fold increases (P < 0.001) over flaxseed steers for LPL and glycogenin mRNA concentrations, respectively. To further evaluate the effects of alpha-linolenic acid (alpha-LA) on LPL and glycogenin mRNA concentrations, muscle satellite cells were isolated from five finishing steers, and different alpha-LA concentrations were applied in culture. The RNA was isolated from the bovine satellite cells. Addition of alpha-LA numerically increased (P = 0.16) the LPL mRNA concentration 48% at 1 microM alpha-LA compared with the control. The expression of glycogenin was increased (P < 0.05) 50% at 1 microM alpha-LA compared with the control. These results suggest that flaxseed supplementation to finishing steers for 28 d decreased gene expression of both LPL and glycogenin compared with not feeding flaxseed. Alterations in local concentrations of these two proteins could affect the ability of muscle to use fatty acids and glucose for energy, and, ultimately, affect carcass quality.     

苹果酸酶在葡萄糖和胰岛素诱导鹅肝脂肪变性中的作用研究

本研究旨在研究不同浓度葡萄糖和胰岛素诱导鹅肝脂肪变性过程中苹果酸酶(Malic enzyme,ME)的活性及其mRNA表达情况,以探讨ME在鹅肝脂肪变性中的作用。根据鸡ME基因序列保守区设计引物,通过RT-PCR、克隆测序等技术扩增鹅ME基因;分离、培养四川白鹅原代肝细胞,添加不同浓度葡萄糖和胰岛素诱导肝细胞脂肪变性,检测细胞内甘油三酯(TG)含量、ME活性及其mRNA表达情况。结果发现,鹅ME基因跟原鸡同源性最高;与对照组相比,葡萄糖及其与胰岛素协同作用均能显著促进肝细胞内甘油三酯(TG)沉积,且呈现出剂量递增效应,而胰岛素对细胞内TG含量影响不明显;与对照组比较得出:ME的活性和mRNA表达水平随着葡萄糖浓度升高而增加,30mmol.L-1葡萄糖具有明显的促进作用(P<0.05);低浓度(50nmol.L-1)胰岛素显著增加ME的活性和mRNA表达水平(P<0.05),当胰岛素浓度达到200nmol.L-1时,ME的活性和mRNA表达水平受到一定抑制;葡萄糖和低浓度胰岛素(50nmol.L-1)协同能促进ME的活性和mRNA表达水平。本研究扩增获得了鹅ME基因部分序列,且发现葡萄糖和胰岛素协同可以增强ME的活性和mRNA表达水平,从而显著增加肝脏中TG的含量,诱导鹅肝脂肪变性。     

Effects of dietary lipid levels on lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary lipid levels on growth performance, lipid deposition and activities of lipid metabolic enzymes in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus). Four isonitrogenous (300 g/kg crude protein) experimental diets containing graded levels of lipid (25, 55, 85 and 115 g/kg) were randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 180 juvenile fish. Fish were fed twice daily for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, the growth performance and proximate composition of fish were determined. The activities and gene expression of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) were assessed as well. Fish fed the diets with 55 and 85 g/kg lipid had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those fed the diets with 25 and 115 g/kg lipid. The whole-body and liver lipid contents were significantly (p < 0.05) elevated with increasing dietary lipid levels. Moreover, the activities and mRNA abundances of LPL and HSL in the liver, dorsal muscle and fat tissues were markedly altered by dietary lipid levels. Our data demonstrate a profound influence of dietary lipid levels on the growth and lipid deposition in hybrid tilapia, which is likely associated with the regulation of lipid metabolic enzymes including LPL and HSL.     

猪脂肪沉积相关酶基因表达与胴体及肉质性状的相关性研究

为系统筛选对贵州地方猪脂肪沉积具有影响的相关酶基因,本实验以雄性野猪和雌性柯乐猪的F₁代杂交猪作为研究对象,采用qRT-PCR方法检测猪背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织PPARγ、LPL、ACC、ATGL基因的mRNA表达水平,并通过Pearson方法分析背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织4个基因mRNA表达水平与胴体及肉质性状间的相关性。结果表明:在背最长肌和皮下脂肪组织中相对表达量最高的为ACC和PPARγ基因。关联分析得出,背最长肌组织中LPL与PPARγ、ACC基因表达量呈显著正相关,皮下脂肪组织中PPARγ与ACC基因间呈显著正相关;在野柯F₁代猪背最长肌组织中PPARγ、LPL基因表达量均与肌肉水分呈显著负相关;在皮下脂肪组织中LPL基因表达量与皮厚间呈显著负相关。本研究结果可进一步印证脂肪沉积相关酶基因LPL在柯乐猪×野猪F₁代脂肪沉积过程中发挥着重要作用。     

氨氮胁迫下饥饿与复投喂对黄颡鱼肝脏中脂质代谢相关酶活性及相关基因表达的影响

为了研究氨氮胁迫下饥饿与复投喂对黄颡鱼脂质代谢的影响,将360尾黄颡鱼幼鱼[初始体重为(14.95±0.03)g]随机分配到12个养殖桶中,每桶30尾.对照组人工饱食投喂42 d,试验组饥饿14 d后恢复投喂28 d.对照组和试验组分别被暴露到总氨氮浓度为0(低氨氮处理,正常养殖环境)和5.70 mg/L(高氨氮处理,...     

The response of gene expression associated with intramuscular fat deposition in the longissimus dorsi muscle of Simmental × Yellow breed cattle to different energy levels of diets

This study was designed to estimate dietary energy level on intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition in Simmental × Yellow breed cattle. Results showed that ultimate weight and average daily gain in high and medium energy groups were significantly higher than low‐energy group, yet feed conversion ratio was significantly lower. IMF content was significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas longissimus muscle shear force significantly decreased. Serum‐free fatty acids, triglycerides and glucose significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas growth hormone (GH) significantly decreased. Enzyme activities of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC) significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase‐1 (CPT‐1) significantly diminished. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1, stearoyl‐CoA desaturase, adipocyte‐fatty acid‐binding proteins, ACC, LPL, and FAS gene or protein expression significantly increased by dietary energy increasing, whereas HSL, CPT‐1, and GH gene or protein expression significantly decreased. These results indicated that high dietary energy promoting IMF deposition is mainly by downregulating pituitary GH gene expression, decreasing serum GH concentration, increasing lipogenic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities and protein expression, and decreasing lipolytic genes levels of mRNA, enzyme activities, and protein expression.     

从江香猪肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的表达研究

试验旨在探讨从江香猪肌内前体脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的表达。采集3日龄从江香猪背最长肌,采用Ⅱ型胶原酶消化法分离肌内前体脂肪细胞,进行原代和传代培养,并对其进行形态学观察。诱导培养后,利用油红O染色法对其进行鉴定。采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测细胞诱导分化0、24、48、72和144 h时脂肪相关基因丙酮酸脱氢酶激4（PDK4）、成纤维细胞生长因子10（FGF10）、脂联素（ADIPOQ）、脂肪酸合成酶（FAS）、脂蛋白脂酶（LPL）、CCAAT增强子结合蛋白α（C/EBPα）、脂肪细胞脂肪酸结合蛋白4（FABP4）、蛋白激酶B（AKT2）的表达,选择诱导0 h作为对照组。结果显示,分离的肌内前体脂肪细胞5 h开始贴壁,贴壁的细胞呈圆形,胞体透明,经传代后,细胞形态均一,经诱导培养后,油红染色呈红色。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,PDK4、ADIPOQ、C/EBPα、FAS、FABP4和AKT2基因mRNA表达水平在诱导48 h时均呈现较高表达,极显著高于其余各阶段（P<0.01）;FGF10基因mRNA表达水平在诱导24和48 h时均较高;LPL基因mRNA表达水平在诱导72 h时极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,之后明显下降;PDK4、ADIPOQ和FGF10基因mRNA表达水平在诱导144 h时均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;C/EBPα基因mRNA表达水平在诱导144 h时显著高于对照组（P<0.05）;FAS基因mRNA表达水平在诱导144 h时显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;AKT2和LPL基因mRNA表达水平在诱导144 h时与对照组差异不显著（P>0.05）。本试验成功培养了从江香猪肌内前体脂肪细胞,并检测了不同诱导阶段脂肪相关基因的表达情况,为进一步研究从江香猪脂肪代谢和沉积提供参考依据。