机插单季晚粳稻氮肥施用及丛栽苗数试验结果分析

对机插单季晚粳稻秀水114进行施氮量、氮肥施用比例及丛栽苗数正交试验。结果表明,氮肥用量与秀水114最高苗数、有效穗数和产量呈正相关;施氮比例显著影响秀水114抽穗期、株高、成穗率、穗总粒数、结实率、千粒重及产量;丛插苗数对其最高苗数、成穗率、穗总粒数、结实率和纹枯病指数有影响。秀水114要获得高产,其适宜施氮量为纯N 20.7 kg/667 m2,施氮比例(基肥∶苗肥∶秆肥∶穗肥)为1∶5∶0∶4或3∶3∶2∶2,丛插苗数2～5本(基本苗3.2～7.9万/667 m2)。     

氮肥分配比例对免耕强化栽培单季晚稻的影响

试验结果表明,减少基肥、分蘖肥的施用比例,适当增加穗粒肥的施用,有利于免耕强化栽培单季晚稻产量的提高;减少前期氮肥施用比例,有利于控制中期群体,提高成穗率,增加每穗总粒数和实粒数;增加穗粒肥的施用比例,有利于提高结实率和千粒重;科学合理的氮肥施用比例,还有利于降低水稻纹枯病的发生,从而减少农药施用量,降低生产成本,也有利于保护生态环境,促进无公害稻米的生产。     

超级稻肥料施用与运筹效应研究

通过超级稻肥料施用与运筹小区试验,探讨施肥和不同基追肥比例对超级稻产量的影响。试验表明,施肥对提高超级稻有效穗数、穗实粒数和千粒重有显著作用,能促进高产的形成;进行肥料施用时,基追肥比例以7∶3有利于取得较高的产量和较好的经济效益。     

氮肥运筹方式对超级稻茎蘖动态、后期光合性能及产量的影响

在总施尿素量600 kg/hm2条件下,研究了氮肥运筹方式对超级稻扬两优6号及新两优6号茎蘖动态、后期光合性能及产量的影响。结果表明,与全部作基肥相比,重施分蘖肥(基肥、分蘖肥各占50%)使分蘖期延长,无效分蘖增加,每穗粒数及粒重下降,产量降低;适当减少分蘖肥、增加穂粒肥,使分蘖期缩短,无效分蘖减少,后期光合性能提高,每穗粒数、粒重增加,产量提高。其中,以基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥、粒肥用量比为1∶1∶0∶0∶0的处理产量最低,较对照(全部作基肥)分别减产7.69%和6.32%,基肥、分蘖肥、促花肥、保花肥、粒肥用量比为3∶1∶1∶1∶0的处理产量最高,较对照分别增产22.86%和27.15%。     

氮肥运筹对苏啤3号苗情及穗粒结构的影响

为研究苏啤3号高产栽培前后期施氮比例对苗情及产量的影响,明确大面积生产中适宜的基追肥比例,特进行苏啤3号氮肥运筹试验。1材料与方法1·1基本情况本试验在伍佑镇新河六组一农户责任田中实施。试验地前茬水稻,砂壤土,肥力中等。11月4日播种,人工条播,行距20 cm1·2试验设计试验按氮肥基追比例的不同,设六个处理:A、基:追肥=5∶5;B、基肥:追肥=5·5∶4·5;C、基肥:追肥=6·5∶4;D、基肥:追肥=6·5∶3·5;E、基肥:追肥=7∶3;F、基肥:追肥=8∶2。基肥播前施用,追肥拔节期施用。小区面积20 m2,随机排列,3次重复。1·3大田管理施纯N、P2O5…     

氮肥施用方法对免耕抛栽水稻产量的影响

试验结果表明,氮肥在基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥中的分配比例,早稻免耕抛秧按5∶3∶2的比例、晚稻免耕抛秧按5∶2∶3的比例施用,对抛后早生快发、生长稳健、穗数足、穗大粒多夺高产有利。     

不同施肥模式对早稻株两优819产量和经济效益的影响

为探索湖南早稻肥料高效施用技术,保障早稻稳产增产,以株两优819为试验材料,研究减量施肥+3次叶面肥模式、减量施肥+2次叶面肥模式、全量化肥基追肥模式、全量化肥基肥模式(对照)等4个处理对早稻产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明：全量化肥基追肥模式、减量施肥+3次叶面肥模式、减量施肥+2次叶面肥模式的水稻每穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量均较对照有一定幅度的提高,产量分别达到6 957.9、6 931.2、6 581.1 kg/hm²,增产幅度分别为10.39%、9.97%和4.41%,净增收益17.52～990.78元/hm²,产投比达到1.84～1.99。因此,在减少化肥用量20%的条件下,叶面喷施“沃利旺”能提高早稻每穗粒数、结实率、千粒质量、产量和产值,经济效益高于农户习惯施肥模式(全量化肥基肥模式),在湖南地区具有较高的推广应用价值。     

津大盛源螯合肥料在水稻上的应用效果研究

为了验证螯合肥料在水稻上的应用效果,为新型肥料推广提供理论依据,在辽宁盘锦大洼县西安镇上口子村进行田间水稻小区试验。采用田间对比试验方法,并采用方差分析方法对试验数据进行分析。试验结果表明:施用螯合肥对水稻的株高、每穴穗数、穗粒数、秕粒数、结实率、千粒重都有明显影响。其中施用螯合肥的水稻比施用复合肥和对照处理穴穗数分别增加2.67株和4株,穗粒数分别增加5.67粒和13.67粒,结实率分别增加1.10%和5.03%,千粒重分别增加3.4%和5.2%。小区平均产量分别增加23 kg/667 m~2和49 kg/667 m~2,增产率分别为3.15%和6.95%,增产效果明显。     

杂交晚稻威优晚3

1　亲本选育1984年秋,我们选用强优恢复系明恢63作母本,26窄早作父本杂交,同年冬在海南三亚种植F1。1985年夏,将(明恢63×26窄早)F1所收种子用60COγ射线(D=177R/min,D=2.2×104γad)辐射处理,通过多代定向选育,所获早熟突变体与不育系配组,测交筛选,其中V20A×晚3经几年的小区及多点试验,表现突出。1994年1月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。2　特征特性2.1　主要农艺、经济性状　威优晚3株高94.8cm,生长整齐,植株繁茂,分蘖力较强,成穗率高,穗大粒多,每亩有效穗22～24万,穗长约23cm,每穗总粒数107.7粒,实粒数87.7粒,结实率81.4%…     

水稻机械侧深精准施用基肥技术试验示范

水稻生产中传统施肥方式肥料损失大,利用率低。侧深施肥与水稻栽插一次性完成,可减少作业程序和肥料损失,有效提高肥料利用率。试验设4个处理,以传统基肥抛施尿素方式为对照,设置3个不同尿素用量侧深施肥方式,研究其对水稻产量形成的影响。结果表明,侧深施肥有利于低位分蘖,侧深施肥处理1高峰苗降低4.5万株/667 m^2,成穗率提高7.4%,穗粒数增加11粒/穗,有利于争大穗,从而提高产量。说明侧深施用与常规施用等量基肥的情况下,后期减少1次分蘖肥的使用,最终穗数与常规施肥相当,但穗粒结构中的实粒数明显高于常规施肥处理,这是产量大幅提高的主要原因,其他产量影响因素无明显差异。侧深施肥基肥量过大(22.5 kg/667 m^2)时,分蘖过多,高峰苗难控制,后期无效分蘖退化慢,生物产量过大,导致肥料和温光资源浪费,最终穗型减小,穗粒数减少,经济产量降低。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。