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谷氨酰胺二肽调节断奶仔猪生长性能的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谷氨酰胺是一种条件性必需氨基酸,谷氨酰胺二肽是谷氨酰胺和其他氨基酸形成的二肽。因其不仅能发挥与谷氨酰胺类似的生物学功能,而且还克服了谷氨酰胺的缺点,近年来受到了动物营养学家的广泛关注,国内外许多研究者也开展了谷氨酰胺及其二肽在动物上的研究工作。主要就谷氨酰胺二肽的生物学功能及对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响进行了综述。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺是乳液中最丰富的氨基酸,母猪在产后谷氨酰胺利用量增加,主要作为乳液合成和小肠的底物。最近一些研究已表明,产后伴随着体重下降和肌肉中谷氨酰胺含量减少,谷氨酰胺处于分解代谢状态。本研究假定在母猪分娩前30d至产后21d补充L-谷氨酰胺或饲料级谷氨酰胺产品Aminogut(每天的饲料中添加体重的2.5%),能有效增加乳液中谷氨酰胺浓度,同时防止骨骼肌肉谷氨酰胺浓度的减少。研究结果表明,对照组母猪产后肌肉谷氨酰胺含量显著降低(P<0.05),但日粮中添加L-谷氨酰胺或Aminogut产品时能有效阻止肌肉谷氨酰胺含量降低。本研究表明,既不泌乳也不补充L-谷氨酰胺对血浆谷氨酰胺或谷氨酸的浓度没有影响。在产后的7d,对照组和Aminogut处理组母猪乳液中游离谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸总浓度显著升高(P<0.05),并且乳液中L-谷氨酰胺的浓度呈类似的趋势(P=0.053)。在产后第7—21d,对照组和L-谷氨酰胺处理组母猪乳液中谷氨酸天含量保持不变,但产后21d后,Aminogut处理组母猪乳液游离谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸以及谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸总浓度高于对照组。因此,日粮中补充谷氨酰胺可缓解产后母猪肌肉中谷氨酰胺含量的下降,并缓解谷氨酰胺分解代谢的情况。此外,乳液中谷氨酰胺浓度增加可以给仔猪提供较好的营养促进仔猪生长。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺、甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长及内分泌的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
为探讨谷氨酰胺、甘氨酰谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长及内分泌的影响 ,选取 2 1日龄断奶仔猪 72头 (纯种长白仔猪 4 0头 ,纯种大白仔猪 32头 ) ,随机分成 4组。A组为对照组 ,饲喂基础日粮。B、C、D组为试验组 ,饲喂在基础日粮的基础上分别添加 0 .5 %谷氨酰胺、0 .2 5 %甘氨酰谷氨酰胺、0 .5 %甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的日粮 ,饲养期 2 1d。结果表明 ,添加 0 .5 %谷氨酰胺、0 .2 5 %甘氨酰谷氨酰胺能显著提高仔猪的平均日增重 ,改善饲料转化率 ,血液中FT3 、FT4和IGF Ⅰ 水平有提高趋势 ;添加 0 .5 %甘氨酰谷氨酰胺组在 4 2日龄时血清胰岛素水平显著提高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺的 2个试验组血清中皮质醇水平显著降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;添加谷氨酰胺和甘氨酰谷氨酰胺均能降低仔猪腹泻率。提示断奶仔猪日粮中添加甘氨酰谷氨酰胺可调节内分泌活动 ,促进仔猪生长。 相似文献
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谷氨酰胺对动物机体免疫和抗氧化作用的研究概况 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
谷氨酰胺是哺乳动物体内含量最丰富的氨基酸。谷氨酰胺因其独特而复杂的生理功能逐渐成为营养学、生理学、免疫学等学科领域的研究热点。笔者从谷氨酰胺对动物机体免疫和抗氧化功能影响方面,综述了在应激状态下,补充谷氨酰胺能够减少动物机体应激的发生。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧兽医文摘》2016,(1)
<正>谷氨酰胺是哺乳动物血液和母猪乳汁中一种含量非常丰富的游离氨基酸,是蛋白质、嘌呤等体内重要物质合成的必需物质;谷氨酰胺同时也是淋巴细胞、小肠上皮细胞分化、增殖的重要能源物质。所以,谷氨酰胺在受损肠道的修复及免疫功能中发挥着重要的作用。随着近年的研究发现,动物在病例状态或应激条件下,谷氨酰胺的合成不能满足时,容易发生体内谷氨酰胺的枯竭,需要从外界补充,这时谷氨酰胺就成为了必需氨基酸,因而,谷氨酰胺也被称为条件性必需氨基酸。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献