2009-2010年云南部分猪场猪主要传染病血清流行病调查

为了探查2009-2010年云南部分猪场对猪主要传染病疫苗接种后的免疫效果,本试验主要通过ELISA方法对样品进行血清流行病调查。结果表明,猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)抗体阳性率为84.33%(1211/1436);猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)抗体阳性率为74.84%(803/1073);猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)抗体阳性率为0.00%(0/80);猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)抗体阳性率为62.26%(287/461);猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)抗体阳性率为54.25%(83/153);日本乙型脑炎抗体阳性率为63.33%(76/120)。提高PRRSV、PRV、PPV和乙脑疫苗的使用效果是云南省内猪场解决母猪流产的有效途径。     

浙江省部分地区猪病毒性腹泻的流行病学调查

正猪病毒性腹泻是一类呈全国性散发流行的急性、接触性肠道传染病。临床上以引起仔猪水样腹泻、呕吐、脱水消瘦甚至死亡为典型症状,成年猪多不可见临床症状或仅有一过性软便。该病病原主要有猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus,TGEV)和猪轮状病毒(porcine     

10种猪常见病毒基因芯片检测方法的建立及初步应用

旨在建立一种可同步检测猪10种常见疫病病毒,猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus 2,PCV2)、猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus,PPV)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine,TGEV)、猪流感病毒(swine influenza virus,SIV)、猪巨细胞病毒(porcine cytomegalovirus,PCMV)和口蹄疫病毒(food-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV)的基因芯片检测技术,为临床病料的初步诊断及流行病学调查提供一个新的可靠方法。对10种病毒基因的序列进行分析,设计引物对靶基因进行PCR扩增,将纯化后的靶基因点制成芯片,通过Cy3标记特异性引物扩增病毒得到具有荧光标记的探针,然后与芯片进行杂交,扫描分析结果,建立其基因芯片检测方法,并对该方法的特异性、敏感性和稳定性进行检测。应用建立的基因芯片检测方法和普通PCR/RT-PCR方法对1 006份样品进行符合检测。试验结果表明,基因芯片检测10种病毒特异性好、灵敏度高,最低检测限度可达10~(5 )copies·μL~(-1),检测中,基因芯片与普通PCR/RT-PCR对1 006份临床样品的检测符合率为96.79%以上。初步研究表明,该基因芯片技术可同时同步检测10种猪疫病病毒,可应用于临床病料的初步诊断。     

猪主要腹泻病毒多重RT-PCR检测方法的建立及初步应用

为建立检测猪主要腹泻病毒的多重RT-PCR方法，本试验参考GenBank中登录的猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine, TGEV)M基因、猪萨佩罗病毒(porcine sapelovirus, PSV)VP1基因、猪δ冠状病毒(porcine deltacoronavirus, PDCoV)N基因和猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)N基因的序列，分别设计相应的引物，构建4种病毒的阳性质粒。以阳性质粒为标准品，通过优化反应条件和反应程序，建立了检测猪主要腹泻病毒的多重RT-PCR方法，并确定了该检测方法的特异性、灵敏性和重复性。结果显示，该方法具有较高的灵敏性，对PSV、TGEV、PDCoV和PEDV的最低检测量分别为1.37×10²,1.44×10²,1.51×10²和1.56×10²拷贝/μL。而扩增猪细小病毒(porcine parvovirus, PPV)、猪瘟病...     

七种猪常见病毒核酸磁-纳米微粒可视化快速检测技术的建立与应用

随着集约化养殖业的发展，规模化养猪场对于病原的早期快速检测需求逐步增高，本研究旨在建立针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, PRRSV)、猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus, CSFV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)、猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(porcine pseudorabies virus, PRV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(transmissible gastroenteritis virus, TGEV)和猪细小病病毒(porcine parvovirus, PPV)等7种常见病毒病病原感染的广谱磁纳米微粒可视化(ultrasensitive nanoparticle visualization detection, UNVs)现场检测技术。根据不同病毒的复制酶区域的高度保守区域，设计探针和引物，通过探针的筛选和条件的优化...     

新疆地区4种猪病多重PCR检测方法的建立与初步应用

本试验旨在建立一种可同时检测猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type 2,PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(porcine pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪肺炎支原体(Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae,Mh)的多重PCR检测方法。参考相关文献合成PRRSV、PCV2、PRV、Mh的特异性引物,通过对反应条件优化、特异性、敏感性测定,建立了可同时检测以上4种猪多发传染病的PCR诊断方法。扩增的片段长度分别为424 bp (PRRSV)、490 bp (PCV2)、298 bp (PRV)和360 bp (Mh),对其他常见猪病病原无特异性扩增,采用Multiplex PCR Master Mix对PRRSV、PCV2、PRV、Mh的核酸最低检出量为3个拷贝。采用多重PCR方法对60份临床样本反复检测,与单重PCR相比,4种病原符合率均为100%。结果表明,建立的多重PCR诊断方法可用于猪群中上述4种病原的单一或混合感染的快速鉴别诊断和流行病学调查。     

2017—2019年华东地区猪场主要病毒性腹泻病原调查

本研究旨在了解当前我国华东地区引起猪腹泻的主要病毒性腹泻病原的流行情况，为该地区更好地开展猪腹泻病毒的防控工作提供临床数据。分别采用RT-PCR检测方法对2017—2019年华东地区35个场别594份临床样品检测猪流行性腹泻病毒（porcine epidemic diarrhea virus，PEDV）、猪轮状病毒（porcine rotavirus，PoRV）、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒（transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine，TGEV）、猪丁型冠状病毒（porcine deltacoronavirus，PDCoV）和猪萨佩罗病毒（porcine Sapelovirus，PSV）等5种猪的病毒性腹泻病原，并对其阳性率及混合感染情况进行统计分析。结果显示，2017—2019年的PEDV、PDCoV、PoRV、TGEV及PSV的平均阳性率为分别为62.6%（372/594）、27.9%（166/594）、16.8%（100/594）、13.3%（79/594）及3.87%（23/594），二重混合感染中以PEDV+PDCoV及PEDV+PoRV为主，平均混合感染率分别为22.4%（133/594）和13.3%（79/594）。三重感染中以PEDV+PoRV+PDCoV混合感染为主，感染率为7.58%（45/594），未见四重及五重病原混合感染。2017—2019年PEDV平均阳性检出率最高，且常与PoRV及PDCoV发生混合感染，是当前华东地区猪病毒性腹泻类疫病的防控重点。TGEV和PDCoV在健康育肥猪及母猪的检出率中占比较大，表明隐性感染变得普遍，值得养殖户关注。除此之外，PSV的检出率远低于其他4种腹泻病毒。总之，随着2018年后养殖场加强生物安全防控措施和猪群管理，各病原检出率和阳性场检出率呈现逐年下降趋势。     

江苏地区猪流行性腹泻流行病学调查及病原S基因序列分析

为探究江苏省内猪场猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, PEDV)的流行和遗传变异情况,采集江苏省13个地级市规模猪场和屠宰场健康猪群的鼻拭子和肛拭子样品,通过RT-PCR方法检测PEDV,并对部分阳性样品进行S基因序列扩增、测序及遗传进化分析。结果显示：259份猪鼻拭子样品中,PEDV阳性检出率为10.42%(27/259);178份猪肛拭子样品中,PEDV阳性检出率为9.55%(17/178)。选取的8株PEDV代表株的核苷酸序列同源性在99.2%～100%之间,氨基酸序列同源性在95.2%～97.1%之间,与国内流行毒株SD-M、JS2008的同源性最高,核苷酸序列同源性达到97%以上;遗传进化分析显示,8株PEDV代表株属于同一群,与经典毒株CV777、DR13亲缘关系较近。本研究初步明确了江苏地区健康猪群中猪流行性腹泻流行状况和PEDV遗传演化特点,为有效防控猪流行性腹泻提供参考。     

断奶仔猪腹泻病因分析

为了解云南省断奶仔猪腹泻的致病性原因,通过对30个发生断奶仔猪腹泻猪场的210份粪便、60份饮用水,总计270份样品,进行病毒及致病性细菌分析。研究结果表明,致病性大肠杆菌严重污染饮用水,致病性大肠杆菌在饮用水中检出40株,阳性率为66.7%,粪便中检出100株,阳性率47.6%;致病性沙门氏菌在饮用水中检出10株,阳性率为16.7%,粪便中检出24株,阳性率为11.4%,均对亚胺培南敏感。在粪便中猪流行性腹泻病毒(porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,PEDV)、猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirous type 2,PCV2)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(pseudorabies virus,PRV)、猪瘟病毒(classical swine fever virus,CSFV)、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)及猪轮状病毒(porcine rotavirus,PoRV)的PCR扩增阳性率为5.2%~13.0%,在饮用水中未检出。通过对云南省断奶仔猪腹泻进行病因分析,了解断奶仔猪腹泻的具体原因,本试验结果为从病因入手防制该病提供更合理、更切合实际情况的理论依据与试验参考。     

Conversion from diagnostic laparoscopy to laparotomy: risk factors and occurrence

Objective: To determine reasons for conversion from diagnostic laparoscopic procedures to celiotomy in dogs and cats. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=54), cats (40). Methods: Medical records (2004–2008) were reviewed for dogs and cats that had diagnostic laparoscopic or laparoscopic‐assisted biopsy. Numbers of conversions to laparotomy were recorded, including cause and type (elective versus emergent), postoperative complications, and short‐term outcome. Specific risk factors for conversion, including signalment, preoperative diagnostics, and surgical findings were assessed; categorical variables were tested by χ² and Fisher's exact tests; continuous variables by Student's t‐test and Wilcoxon's rank‐sum tests; multivariate logistic regression models were created. Results: Twenty animals (21%) had laparoscopic conversion; 13 (65%) were considered elective and 7 (35%) emergent conversions. There was no significant difference between animals requiring and those not requiring conversion for age, weight, sex, body condition score, clinical signs, previous abdominal surgery, or surgeon experience. Significant risk factors for conversion included low total solids (P=.03), presence of a solitary liver tumor (P<.01), and diagnosis of neoplasia (P<.01). Conclusions: A conversion rate of 21% was found in this population of dogs and cats undergoing laparoscopic diagnostic procedures. A preoperative finding of a solitary liver tumor, low total solids, and diagnosis of malignancy were all significant risk factors for conversion.     

人工诱发鸡骨型白血病及其血清学与放射学诊断比较

本文在国内首次报告用骨型白血病患鸡抗凝全血接种 10日龄鸡胚绒毛尿囊腔 ,诱发本病获得成功 ,经X线摄片检查 ,检出发病率为 4 1 3% (19/ 4 6 ) ,其中重度阳性率为 4 2 11% (8/ 19) ,可早在 2 1日龄X线检出病变 ,其中最早有2例于 15日龄临床上已表现出症状。同时用患鸡血腹腔接种 1日龄雏鸡 ,同样诱发出本病 ,X线摄片检查发病率为36 79% (39/ 10 6 ) ,其中重度阳性率为 10 2 6 % (4/ 39)。与腹腔接种法相比 ,两种接种方式所获阳性率无显著差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,但重度阳性率差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。对人工诱发病鸡作禽白血病特异性血清学诊断 ,其中羽髓琼扩试验 (AGP)检出阳性率为 4 4 9% (4/ 89) ,酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)为首次试用于OP ,检出阳性率为 12 3% (15 / 12 2 )。另对 12 0例生产鸡群老龄鸡进行诊断性普查 ,放射学阳性检出率为 34 17% (41/ 12 0 ) ,AGP试验阳性检出率 1 6 7% (2 / 12 0 ) ,ELISA试验阳性检出率 4 17% (5 / 12 0 )。表明血清学的AGP与ELISA法对OP不敏感 ,可致能反映OP病变存在的X线阳性鸡大量漏诊。     

Evaluation of newly developed ‘six recombinant secretary proteins based ‘cocktail ELISA’ and ‘whole cell lysate’ based ‘indigenous ELISA’ and tissue microscopy’ with ‘Gold standard’ histo-pathology for the diagnosis of Johne’s disease in slaughtered goats and buffaloes

Three screening tests {(newly developed, six recombinant secretory proteins based 'cocktail ELISA', in-house robust 'indigenous ELISA' based on semi-purified protoplasmic antigens and tissue microscopy were evaluated with 'Gold standard', histo-pathology for the diagnosis of Johne's disease in goats and buffaloes. Serum and tissues {mesenteric lymph nodes and intestines) were driven from farmer's goats (n = 77) and buffaloes (n = 40) slaughtered for harvesting meat and farm goats (n = 77), died and necropsied. Twenty seven (35%) goats and 23 (57.5%) buffaloes were positive in all the four tests. Of 134 tissues screened by histo-pathology, 79.8% MLN and 76.8%, intestines, were positive for MAP infection. In tissue microscopy, 55.2 and 52.3%, goats and buffaloes were positive, respectively. Of 117 sera screened by i_ELISA, 58.4 and 70.0%, goats and buffaloes were positive, respectively. Whereas, c_ELISA detected 55.8 and 62.5%, goats and buffaloes, positives, respectively. Twelve tissues (70.5%) of goats necropsied were positive, both in tissue microscopy and histo-pathology. Most significant gross findings were serous atrophy of the fat and mild to moderate, diffuse thickening of terminal ileum, especially at ileo-caecal junction with or without transverse / longitudinal corrugations. In histo-pathology grade III and IV lesions were significantly low as compared to grade I and II. Of the four tests used for screening 268 samples, histo-pathology was most sensitive (78.3%), followed by i_ELISA (62.3%), c_ELISA (58.9%) and tissue microscopy (58.9%). Between two ELISA tests, c_ELISA using six recombinants secretory proteins, had higher specificity as compared to i_ELISA.     

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli from swine, horses, dogs and cats as determined in the BfT-GermVet monitoring program 2004-2006

A total of 417 isolates of Escherichia coli collected from five animal species/organ system combinations from swine [urinary/genital tract (UGT) incl. mastitis metritis agalactia syndrome], horses [genital tract (GT)] and dogs/cats [respiratory tract (RT), UGT and gastrointestinal tract (GIT)] were analysed quantitatively for their susceptibility against different antimicrobial agents by determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. Regardless of which animal species the strains originated from, resistance appeared most frequently against sulfamethoxazole (18-59%), tetracycline (14-54 %), and ampicillin (14-39%). High percentages of intermediate isolates were observed for cephalothin (39-46 %). In general, low prevalences of resistance were detected for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (1-4%), gentamicin (1-9%), and cefazolin (0-11%). Generally speaking, the antimicrobial resistance situation among E. coli isolates from horses and small animals is relatively good.     

Characterization of Haemophilus parasuis isolated from Brazilian swine through serotyping, AFLP and PFGE

Haemophilus parasuis infection in pigs is characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, arthritis and meningitis. Despite the fact that traditional diagnosis is based on herd history, clinical signs, bacterial isolation and serotyping, molecular-based methods are alternatives for species-specific tests and epidemiological studies. The aim of this study was to characterize H. parasuis field strains from different states of Brazil, employing serotyping and genotyping methods. Serotyping revealed that serovar 4 was the most prevalent (26.1%), followed by serovars 5 (17.4%), 14 (8.7%), 13 (4.4%) and 2 (4.4%), whereas 39% of the strains were considered as untypeable. AFLP with a single enzyme and PFGE were able to type all isolates tested, generating 34 and 20 different profiles, respectively, including untypeable strains. Besides the slightly higher discrimination index presented by AFLP, PFGE with Not I restriction enzyme showed a better correlation with epidemiological data, grouping strains of the same serovar, animal or farm origin. The results indicated AFLP and PFGE as valuable tools for typing H. parasuis isolates collected in Brazil.     

Acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen in the dog: a retrospective analysis of 39 cases (1987-2001)

The medical records of 39 dogs with acute nontraumatic hemoabdomen were identified and reviewed. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were identified in 36/37 (97%) and 25/33 (76%) dogs, respectively. Coagulopathies were identified in 26/31 (84%) dogs. When a definitive diagnosis was obtained, malignant neoplasia was diagnosed most frequently and occurred in 24/30 (80%) dogs. Hemangiosarcoma accounted for 21/30 (70%) diagnoses. Sixteen dogs underwent exploratory laparotomy, of which seven (44%) survived the perioperative period. Of the dogs that did not undergo surgery, 9/23 (39%) survived to be discharged from the hospital.     

Retrospective study on the diagnostic value of full-thickness biopsies from the stomach and intestines of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease symptoms

An evaluation of histologic findings in full-thickness biopsies from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) from 64 dogs with chronic GIT disease symptoms was performed. In the majority of cases (38/64; 59%), intestinal lymphangiectasia and mucosal edema of unknown etiology were present. In 10 dogs (16%) an eosinophilic colitis, either alone or together with gastritis and/or enteritis, was found. In 5 dogs (8%) lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis or enterocolitis was diagnosed. Five dogs (8%) had an intestinal T-cell lymphoma. Samples from the remaining cases were histologically normal or did not allow for a final diagnosis. In contrast to reports about findings in endoscopic biopsies (which often are of varying quality or inadequate for diagnosis), in the majority of cases of this study, examination of full-thickness biopsies from the GIT allowed us to make a definitive histopathologic diagnosis. Furthermore, the study revealed that transmural biopsies are very helpful for diagnosing lymphoma.     

鸡、鸭、鹅对白酒糟和发酵白酒糟能量利用的比较研究

本试验旨在评价白酒糟和发酵白酒糟的营养成分含量及鸡、鸭、鹅对其的仿生消化总能(SDGE)和代谢能(ME),分别利用仿生消化法和生物学法(排空强饲法)测定。结果表明:1)白酒糟中干物质、粗蛋白质、粗灰分和总磷含量分别为85.63%、18.43%、1.49%和0.21%,均显著低于发酵白酒糟中的89.15%、24.75%、2.37%和0.38%(P0.05);白酒糟中粗脂肪和粗纤维含量分别为4.64%和24.15%,均显著高于发酵白酒糟中的3.61%和15.50%(P0.05)。2)鸡、鸭、鹅对白酒糟的SDGE分别为11.15、11.54和10.02 MJ/kg,均显著低于发酵白酒糟的11.86、12.23和10.78 MJ/kg(P0.05)。3)樱桃谷肉鸭对白酒糟的表观代谢能(AME)为10.42 MJ/kg,真代谢能(TME)为11.29 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为55.01%,均显著高于杏花公鸡(AME为8.13 MJ/kg,TME为9.39 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为44.79%)和四川白鹅(AME为8.20 MJ/kg,TME为9.16 MJ/kg,能量表观利用率为43.91%)(P0.05);而杏花公鸡、樱桃谷肉鸭、四川白鹅对发酵白酒糟的AME、TME、能量表观利用率和能量真利用率则无显著差异(P0.05)。由此可见,发酵白酒糟中的粗蛋白质、总磷含量高于白酒糟,粗纤维含量低于白酒糟;鸡、鸭、鹅对发酵白酒糟的SDGE均高于白酒糟;樱桃谷肉鸭对白酒糟的ME高于杏花公鸡、四川白鹅;而杏花公鸡、樱桃谷肉鸭、四川白鹅对发酵白酒糟的ME则无显著差异。     

Hypokalemia in cats: 186 cases (1984-1987)

Retrospective review of serum biochemical data obtained from 501 cats over a 3-year period (1984-1987) indicated that 186 (37%) had hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration less than 4.1 mEq/L). After adjusting for disease diagnosis, cats fed either of 2 commercial diets were 4 times more likely to be hypokalemic than cats fed other diets. Odds ratios (OR; measure of association), adjusted for diet type, were calculated to determine the odds of hypokalemia for a given disease, compared with odds of normokalemia for the same disease. Chronic renal failure (OR = 14.4), hepatic disease (OR = 5.7), systemic infectious diseases (viral or bacterial; OR = 2.7), and neuromuscular or CNS disease (OR = 2.4) were all significantly associated (P less than 0.05) with the occurrence of hypokalemia. Significant differences in age or sex between hypokalemic and normokalemic cats were not found. Within the group of 186 hypokalemic cats, hypercholesterolemia (89 cats; 48%), hyperglycemia (88 cats; 47%), high serum urea nitrogen concentration (86 cats; 46%), hyperchloridemia (80 cats; 43%), and high serum creatinine concentration (73 cats; 39%) were the most common biochemical abnormalities. When disease diagnosis was compared among cats with severe hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration less than 3.0 mEq/L) and those with moderate hypokalemia, cats with severe hypokalemia were 3.5 times more likely to have chronic renal failure than cats with less severe hypokalemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cytologic examination of fine‐needle aspirates from mammary gland tumors in the dog: diagnostic accuracy with comparison to histopathology and association with postoperative outcome

Background: Mammary tumors are the most common neoplasms in female dogs. Malignant tumors may carry a poor prognosis and necessitate surgery. Few data are available on the value of cytologic examination as a diagnostic or prognostic tool for mammary tumors in dogs. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine whether cytologic findings in fine‐needle aspirate specimens of canine mammary tumors correlate with histopathologic results and whether the cytologic diagnosis is associated with postoperative outcome. Methods: In this prospective study, fine‐needle aspirate samples were obtained from 50 mammary tumors in 50 dogs. Results of cytologic and histopathologic examination were compared, using the histologic diagnosis as the reference method. Kaplan–Meier log rank analysis was used to evaluate univariate association of the cytologic diagnosis with duration of survival, local control, and metastasis‐free interval. Results: Adequate cytologic samples were obtained in 43/50 (86%) cases. The cytologic diagnosis correlated with the histologic diagnosis for benign and malignant tumors in 40/43 (93%) and 35/43 (81%) cases, respectively. Cytologic examination had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 96% for the diagnosis of malignancy. The cytologic diagnosis had significant univariate association with duration of survival (P=.016), recurrence‐free interval (P=.003), and metastasis‐free interval (P=.014). Conclusions: Cytologic examination of mammary tumors in the dog has satisfactory accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the diagnosis of malignancy and is associated with postoperative outcome. Further studies on the diagnostic accuracy of cytology as well as multivariate analysis of its preoperative prognostic value in mammary tumors in the dog are warranted.