细胞凋亡与病毒的搞细胞凋亡

病毒的侵入可引起机体主细胞的凋亡，细胞凋亡有利于机体清除感染的细胞，保护自身免受病毒的侵害，是机体对病毒侵入的防缺机制之一。一些病毒具有许多抗细胞凋亡和抗CTL活性的机制，如编码免疫调节分子和调亡调节分子，降低细胞凋亡基因的表达以延长感染细胞的存活期，以利于病毒的增殖，现对细胞凋亡及病毒抗细胞凋亡的机制进一综述。     

细胞凋亡与病毒的抗细胞凋亡

病毒的侵入可引起机体宿主细胞的凋亡，细胞凋亡有利于机体清除感染的细胞，保护自身免受病毒的侵害，是机体对病毒侵入的防御机制之一。一些病毒具有许多抗细胞凋亡和抗CTL活性的机制，如编码免疫调节分子和凋亡调节分子，降低细胞凋亡基因的表达以延长感染细胞的存活期，以利于病毒的增殖。现对细胞凋亡及病毒抗细胞凋亡的机制进一综述。     

动物胎盘细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是由基因编码决定的细胞主动死亡,参与机体生理过程及疾病的发生过程。胎儿的生长发育是一个极其复杂的生理过程,在此妊娠过程中胎盘的细胞增殖和凋亡之间处于不同的平衡状态,这种状态一旦被破坏就会出现不同的病理妊娠症状。本文对影响动物胎盘细胞凋亡的因素、正常的胎盘细胞凋亡、胎盘细胞凋亡对妊娠和胎儿发育的影响进行了综述。     

细胞凋亡的特征及其检测方法

细胞凋亡是动物机体组织清除受损、衰老或多余细胞的一种自杀性过程,它对于保持机体各组织器官正常生长、发育、结构、功能动态平衡和维持内环境相对稳定等都具有重要意义。发生凋亡的细胞大多数是生物个体中多余或老化的细胞,有些也是发生肿瘤时的细胞或受到病毒或细菌感染的细胞。根据不同的检测方法来检测不同类型的细胞凋亡,进而来研究细胞凋亡的现象和发生机制,为揭示机体与细胞凋亡的关系和疾病与凋亡的关系提供理论依据。文章对凋亡细胞的特征、细胞凋亡各种检测方法的检测原理和结构判定,分别进行了概述。     

细胞凋亡研究进展

细胞凋亡(apoptosis)是机体正常细胞在受到生理和病理性刺激后出现的一种自发的死亡过程,是一个主动、高度有序、基因控制以及一系列酶参与的过程.细胞凋亡在保证多细胞生物健康生存过程中扮演着关键角色,对个体的正常发育具有重要作用.它在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有着重要意义.机体在产生新生细胞的同时,衰老和突变的细胞通过凋亡机制而被清除,使器官和组织得以正常的发育和代谢.对细胞凋亡的研究进展进行了综述.     

羊痘病毒免疫学研究进展

羊痘病毒是在细胞浆中复制的DNA病毒,能引起羊和牛的皮肤病变.病毒编码一系列免疫调节基因和引起宿主细胞凋亡的基因来逃避宿主先天和后天的免疫反应.病毒感染机体后,主要引起宿主的细胞免疫.羊痘病毒能增强机体对其他免疫原的免疫反应.     

病原微生物感染与细胞凋亡

凋亡（ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ）是机体在生长发育、细胞分化和病理状态中,细胞受到内、外刺激后发生的自主性自杀过程。它在细胞生理及病理过程中具有同样的重要意义。近来,人们陆续发现,一些病毒、细菌、真菌及其代谢产物可以诱发宿主细胞的凋亡。研究病原微生物与细胞凋...     

miR-21:生成、表达调控及对其细胞凋亡的影响

凋亡是细胞的一种基本生物学现象,在机体生命过程中发挥着重要作用。miRNAs是在真核生物内发现的一类长度约22个核苷酸的内源性非编码单链小RNA,通过调控靶基因的表达参与调控细胞的凋亡、分化、增殖、侵袭和代谢。大量的研究表明,miR-21作为miRNAs重要成员之一,与细胞凋亡有重要联系。本文将从miR-21的生成、表达调控及对细胞凋亡的影响方面进行综述。     

山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因的表达与细胞凋亡的相关性

以贵州本地分离纯化的山羊痘病毒为试验材料,感染Vero细胞,通过台盼蓝、吖啶橙/溴乙锭荧光染色分析细胞的死亡及凋亡比例;经特异性PCR从山羊痘病毒基因组中分离出山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白样基因,基因长531bp,含有完整的编码框,与绵羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因的相似性为97%,因此确定为山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因。进一步研究山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因在Vero细胞中的表达,结果显示,病毒感染Vero细胞24h时没有检测到凋亡现象,山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因的mRNA水平最高;感染48h时,Vero细胞的凋亡率上升到13%,山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因的表达量随之下降。结果表明,山羊痘病毒抗凋亡蛋白基因的表达量与Vero细胞的凋亡呈负相关,有助于病毒在细胞内的生存和侵染等过程。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染与细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是指在一定的生理或病理情况下,机体为维护内环境的稳定,通过基因调控,激活内源性核酸内切酶,发生细胞自动消亡的过程。研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRSV）感染与细胞凋亡的关系及凋亡的可能机制将有助于人们认识PRRSV感染性的发生、发展及转归机制,现综述国内外近年来对PRRSV诱导细胞凋亡的相关研究进展,为进一步阐明PRRSV的致病机制和该病的防治提供一些新的思路。     

细胞凋亡的研究现状与发展趋势

凋亡 ( Ap)是一种细胞死亡的形态学描述。 Ap不但出现在人类生命的全过程 ,也是调节机体生理、病理过程的主要因素之一。它不仅参与生物体的生长发育 ,而且介导了一些疾病的发生和发展。文章介绍了细胞凋亡的分子机制、生物学意义、形态学和生化特征、凋亡途径及基因调控方面的研究进展 ;并通过对 Ap几种检测方法的比较 ,重点分析了常规 HE染色法和TUNEL法在细胞凋亡检测方面的利弊 ;同时对Ap与 AID、肿瘤、病毒感染、神经系统疾病、缺血性损伤等疾病的关系及其研究趋势作了较全面的阐述。     

Virological and serological studies on the role of PI-3 virus, BRSV, BVDV and BHV-1 on respiratory infections of cattle. I. The detection of etiological agents by direct immunofluorescence technique

Nasal cells extracted from nasal swabs obtained from 95 cattle with signs of respiratory disease, out of eleven different herds, were tested for BHV-1, PI-3 virus, BRSV and BVDV using direct immunofluorescence technique. Viral antigen positive samples were detected in seven out of eleven herds examined. Of the 95 individual diseased cattle, 19 were found positive for at least one viral antigen. It was found that especially BHV-1 and PI-3 virus are important causative agents in cattle respiratory disease, both or in combination with other pathogenic agents. Multiple infection in virologically positive herds were observed in six (9.8%) of 61 animals tested. The findings reveal that single or multiple infections of selected viruses may be present in an important range in cattle and that direct immunofluorescence technique as a rapid method, based on the detection of viral antigen in nasal swab samples, is useful to establish the viral aetiology of acute bovine respiratory disease caused by these viruses, particularly in the diagnosis of mixed viral infections.     

Apoptosis induced in vivo by new type gosling viral enteritis virus

In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.     

Advance of Apoptotic Mechanism in Mammalian Oocyte

Apoptosis is programmed cell death process, which plays an important role in the process of development of germ cells. In the process of growth and development of mammalian oocytes, in addition to the mature ovulation fertilization of the oocytes, the others are apoptotic at different stages of follicular oocytes. This paper summarizes the research progress of development of the main apoptosis mechanism and apoptosis pathway of mammalian oocytes, and lays a foundation for further studying growth, development and ovulation mechanism of oocytes.     

哺乳动物卵母细胞凋亡机制研究进展

细胞凋亡是细胞程序性死亡过程,在生殖细胞的发生过程中具有重要作用。哺乳动物卵母细胞在生长发育过程中,除排卵受精的成熟卵母细胞外,其他卵母细胞在卵泡发育的不同阶段凋亡。作者综述了卵母细胞的发育与细胞凋亡、细胞凋亡的主要参与分子及凋亡途径等研究进展,旨在为进一步研究哺乳动物卵母细胞的生长、发育和排卵机制提供帮助。     

非洲猪瘟病毒入胞过程相关蛋白及分子机制的研究进展

非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)是非洲猪瘟(ASF)的病原,可引发家猪和野猪急性、传染性出血死亡,目前尚无有效的疫苗和抗病毒药物。ASFV是囊膜病毒,其囊膜蛋白的结构和功能可能是影响病毒入侵和细胞嗜性的重要因素。病毒入胞是病毒感染细胞的第一步,通常是通过细胞表面特定的分子与病毒蛋白相结合吸附于宿主细胞表面,对ASFV入胞过程的病毒蛋白或宿主因子为靶点或可有效抑制ASFV的复制。本文从ASFV入胞过程中起重要作用的囊膜蛋白出发,对ASFV的入胞分子机制进行综述,为ASFV入胞深入研究以及治疗性药物和疫苗的研发提供参考。     

细胞凋亡与肠道功能的关系

细胞凋亡是细胞的基本生物学现象,对机体的组织分化、器官发育、内环境稳定有着重要的意义.细胞凋亡紊乱与许多疾病的发生有着直接或间接的关系.本文简要概述了细胞凋亡的概念,重点阐述了细胞凋亡发生发展的分子机理及细胞凋亡与肠道功能的关系,并对应用细胞凋亡理论研究仔猪早期断奶应激综合征提出了设想.     

Inhibition of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication by short hairpin RNA in MARC-145 cells

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important contagious agents of swine in the world. The current vaccines cannot provide highly effective protection. In this study, the ability of specific short hairpin RNA directed against different genomic regions of PRRSV to inhibit virus replication in MARC-145 cells was examined. Seven plasmids expressing shRNA targeted to GP5 and nucleocapsid (N) protein coding region of PRRSV S1 strain RNA were constructed and delivered into MARC-145 cells. After infection, these cells, transfected with plasmids pSUPER-N3 or pSUPER-G1, showed a significant decrease in virus yield when compared to control cells, by detection using virus titers (TCID50), indirect immunofluorescence assay and real-time RT-PCR. The antiviral effect was sequence-specific and dose-dependent and could sustain for 96 h. Furthermore, by combination of treatment with plasmid pSUPER-N3 and pSUPER-G1, the viral inhibition cloud be significantly increased. In addition, the viral suppression efficiency by shRNA in previously infected cells was not significant different from that induced by shRNA before viral infection. It indicated that administration of the two different shRNA could have a synergistic effect. RNA interference targeting to the various regions of PRRSV might be a potential alternative virus control strategy.     

家禽免疫器官内细胞凋亡及其凋亡相关基因调控研究进展

细胞凋亡是生物界广泛存在的一种重要的生命过程，是多细胞动物为调节机体发育、维护内环境稳定、有基因调控的细胞主动性死亡过程。在细胞凋亡的分子生物学研究过程中，发现已有多种基因参与细胞凋亡的调控，其中包括Bcl-2家族和Bax、p53、Fas和FasL等。家禽免疫器官胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊内存在着自然凋亡现象，许多学者用物理性、化学性和生物性因素诱导了家禽免疫器官细胞凋亡，证实了细胞凋亡相关基因参与了家禽免疫器官内细胞凋亡的调控。     

细胞凋亡在肾脏疾病中的作用

细胞凋亡是基因调控的细胞生理性死亡形式 ,是一种主动、自发性的过程 ,是目前生物学和医学界的研究热点。文章通过对细胞凋亡的形态学、生物化学、免疫化学和分子生物学的检测方法、促进细胞凋亡和抑制细胞凋亡的基因、以及细胞凋亡与肾脏疾病的关联作一综述。旨在阐明细胞凋亡在肾小球肾炎、肾小管疾病以及继发性肾脏疾病等肾脏疾病发病机制中的重要作用