乳腺发育和乳腺疾病中细胞凋亡基因的表达规律及其调控

阐述了细胞凋亡的形态变化、细胞凋亡的途径以及细胞凋亡在乳腺发育过程和乳腺疾病的发生及防御中的表达。研究乳腺细胞凋亡的基本规律和基因调控过程,能更好的了解乳腺发育过程,并用相关基因作为诊断乳腺疾病的指标。     

乳腺发育和乳腺疾病中细胞凋亡基因的表达规律及其调控

阐述了细胞凋亡的形态变化、细胞凋亡的途径以及细胞凋亡在乳腺发育过程和乳腺疾病的发生及防御中的表达.研究乳腺细胞凋亡的基本规律和基因调控过程,能更好的了解乳腺发育过程,并用相关基因作为诊断乳腺疾病的指标.     

牛化脓隐秘杆菌病肾脏Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9、Bax和Bcl-2的表达

通过研究牛化脓隐秘杆菌感染牛肾脏组织的病理学变化及检测Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9、Bax和Bcl-2的表达,来确定牛肾脏组织的坏死和细胞凋亡情况。本研究首先筛检5头自然感染化脓隐秘杆菌病牛和2头阴性健康对照牛,采集其肾脏组织样本。采用H.E.染色法观察病理组织学变化;采用免疫组织化学方法来检测肾脏组织中与细胞正负凋亡有关的调节基因Bax和Bcl-2的表达情况以及凋亡通路蛋白Caspase-3、Caspase-8和Caspase-9的表达情况。结果显示,感染牛肾脏组织有坏死,间质有中性粒细胞浸润;感染组牛肾脏肾小球内皮细胞和肾小管上皮细胞Bax、Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达呈阳性,与对照组相比,差异显著;有少量肾小管上皮细胞、肾小球内皮细胞Caspase-8和Bcl-2表达呈阳性,但与对照组相比差异不显著。结果表明,化脓隐秘杆菌能够引起牛肾脏组织实质细胞发生坏死和凋亡,且以线粒体凋亡途径为主。     

绵羊羊水、胎儿肾脏组织中表达Oct-4细胞的分离培养及其分子学特性研究简

试验旨在建立从绵羊羊水、胎儿肾脏组织中分离培养表达Oct-4细胞的新方法,同时,通过实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）初步探索二者在分子生物学特性方面的联系及差异。采用0.01%胰酶培养液,从同一只受孕中期绵羊的羊水和胎儿肾脏组织中各分离1株细胞。Real-time PCR分析结果表明,从绵羊羊水、胎儿肾脏组织中分离的细胞均表达胚胎干细胞相关标志基因Oct-4、胚胎生殖细胞标志基因SSEA-1、主要组织相容性抗原MHC-Ⅱ、细胞凋亡基因Bax及抑制细胞凋亡基因Bcl-2,不表达MHC-Ⅰ、Nanog及TERT,因此,将羊水中表达Oct-4的细胞暂命名为羊水来源多潜能干细胞(amniotic fluid stem cells,AFSC),胎儿肾脏组织中表达Oct-4的细胞暂命名为肾脏组织干细胞(renal tissue stem cells,RTSC)。相对定量分析结果显示,二者的Oct-4、Bax及Bcl-2基因的相对表达量存在明显差异。绵羊羊水中表达Oct-4的细胞（AFSC）和胎儿肾脏组织中表达Oct-4的细胞（RTSC）体外悬浮培养7 d均能形成类胚体。试验成功建立了从绵羊羊水、胎儿肾脏组织中分离培养表达Oct-4细胞的新方法,实时荧光定量PCR分析初步显示绵羊羊水中表达Oct-4的细胞和胎儿肾脏组织中表达Oct-4的细胞具有相同的起源,并在体内处于一种动态的变化之中。     

细胞凋亡与疾病

细胞凋亡(apoptos is)是普遍存在于人体组织细胞内的细胞死亡的形式之一,是不同于坏死的正常生理性的程序性细胞死亡。细胞抗凋亡是生物机体为了适应环境变化,维持生理平衡的一种主动的自我保护行为。凋亡或抗凋亡均是在基因控制下,多样性、偶联性、多途径的信号转导过程。它也受到内外生存因子的影响和制约,肿瘤等多种疾病均能影响细胞凋亡过程。     

海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡的调控机制

细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自主性死亡，此过程涉及一系列基因调控过程。当代许多的外源性或内源性刺激都有机会造成机体失去稳定性，如引发记忆力下降、脑部疾病、肿瘤等。本文从多方面来介绍海马CA1区细胞凋亡的过程。     

海马CA1区神经细胞凋亡的调控机制

细胞凋亡是一种由基因控制的细胞自主性死亡,此过程涉及一系列基因调控过程。当代许多的外源性或内源性刺激都有机会造成机体失去稳定性,如引发记忆力下降、脑部疾病、肿瘤等。本文从多方面来介绍海马CA1区细胞凋亡的过程。     

细胞凋亡的信号通路和检测方法

细胞凋亡是一种主动的、高度有序的、受基因精细调控及一系列酶参与的细胞生理性死亡过程。细胞凋亡在多细胞生物的组织分化、器官发育、机体稳态的维持中有着重要意义,与疾病的发生发展密切相关。本文综述了细胞凋亡的生物学意义、机制及其检测方法。     

Bax基因及其产物对细胞凋亡的调节

Bax蛋白是Bcl-2家族中的一员,Bax基因由六个外显子组成,其过表达可促进细胞的凋亡。现已运用Bax体外转染、基因重组等方法治疗人类的多种肿瘤疾病。本文就Bax对细胞凋亡作用的研究进展进行阐述。     

细胞凋亡与疾病

自1972年Kerr提出细胞凋亡这一概念后,从20世纪80年代末期开始成为肿瘤病因学、理学研究热点,近几年的研究在凋亡信号转导途径、细胞凋亡的生化反应机制及细胞凋亡的调控基因,细胞凋亡与疾病的关系等方面都取得了显著的进展。作者就细胞凋亡与疾病的情况进行了综述。     

Current views on apoptosis in theory and medical practice

Apoptosis is a kind of cell death essential for normal functioning and survival of most multicellular organisms. Apoptosis plays an important role in physiological processes and in pathophysiology of some chronic diseases, including autoimmunity, cancer, lymphoma, AIDS, neurodegeneration and others. The present paper describes the interdisciplinary pathogenesis of programmed cell death, the mechanisms inducing apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in some physiological phenomena and in medical practice.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征感染与细胞凋亡的研究进展

细胞凋亡是指在一定的生理或病理情况下,机体为维护内环境的稳定,通过基因调控,激活内源性核酸内切酶,发生细胞自动消亡的过程。研究猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRSV）感染与细胞凋亡的关系及凋亡的可能机制将有助于人们认识PRRSV感染性的发生、发展及转归机制,现综述国内外近年来对PRRSV诱导细胞凋亡的相关研究进展,为进一步阐明PRRSV的致病机制和该病的防治提供一些新的思路。     

Apoptosis in the cerebellum of dogs with distemper

Canine distemper virus (CDV) may induce multifocal demyelination in the central nervous system of infected dogs. The pathogenesis of this process is not clear. The present work identifies the presence of apoptotic cells in white and grey matter of dogs'cerebellum, naturally infected with CDV. Fifteen dogs with clinical signs of canine distemper that tested positive for CDV nucleoprotein were used. Brain specimens were processed and embedded in paraffin. Sections 5 microm thick were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Shorr. Other sections were submitted to TUNEL reaction and to immunohistochemistry for CDV nucleoprotein detection. Acute and chronic demyelinated plaques were observed in the white matter, while apoptosis occurred particularly in the granular layer of grey matter. Apoptosis seems to play an important role in the pathogenesis of canine distemper demyelination.     

细胞凋亡与细胞坏死比较的研究进展

本文对细胞凋亡和细胞坏死的发病机理和病理形态学进行了比较。凋亡是细胞的一种主动性死亡。其特点是单细胞发生,胞核浓缩、破裂,核碎块被胞膜包裹,形成特异性“凋亡小体”;细胞器多以萎缩变化为主。坏死则为细胞的被动性死亡,并常伴有炎症反应。作者认为：细胞凋亡和坏死虽然在发生机制和病理形态学方面有所区别,但它们的本质却是相同的,均为细胞的一种不可复性的退行性变化。     

哺乳动物卵母细胞凋亡的研究现状及新进展

细胞凋亡又称程序性细胞死亡,是指机体为维持体内环境的稳定,由基因控制的细胞自主的有序性死亡。对于雌性生殖系而言,细胞凋亡是维持其正常功能的一个重要组成要术。就哺乳动物来说,超过99．9％的雌性生殖细胞会在发育的不同时期发生凋亡。本文主要综述了细胞凋亡的新概念、卵子发生过程中的细胞凋亡现象,同时还对当今卵母细胞凋亡研究的现状及新进展做出了总结。     

Immunohistochemical detection of extrinsic and intrinsic mediators of apoptosis in porcine paraffin-embedded tissues

Apoptosis is a strictly regulated mechanism of cell death that involves a complex network of biochemical pathways. Whether a cell undergoes apoptosis or not depends on a delicate balance of anti- and pro-apoptotic stimuli. This phenomenon can be induced by two different pathways: intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. The main aim of this study was to determine the ideal fixative and antigen retrieval method in porcine paraffin embedded tissues for the immunohistochemical detection of apoptosis mediators, from both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Tonsil, retropharyngeal lymph node and lung tissue samples were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, Bouin solution and zinc salts fixative (ZSF) and different unmasking methods were carried out. Both 10% neutral buffered formalin and ZSF resulted as the fixatives of election to study apoptosis phenomena. Tween 20 (0.01% in PBS), citrate buffer (microwave, pH 6.0) and/or protease type XIV were the antigen retrieval methods which displayed better labelling. Our results allow to deep in the knowledge of apoptosis and its role in the pathogenesis of porcine diseases.     

Apoptosis induced in vivo by new type gosling viral enteritis virus

In this study, apoptosis was induced by new type gosling viral enteritis virus (NGVEV) in experimentally infected goslings is reported in detail for the first time. After 3-day-old goslings were orally inoculated with a NGVEV-CN strain suspension, the time course of NGVEV effects on apoptotic morphological changes of the internal tissues was evaluated. These changes were observed by histological analysis with light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis with transmission electron microscopy. DNA fragmentation was assessed with a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) assay and DNA ladder analysis. A series of characteristic apoptotic morphological changes including chromatin condensation and margination, cytoplasmic shrinkage, plasma membrane blebbing, and formation of apoptotic bodies were noted. Apoptosis was readily observed in the lymphoid and gastrointestinal organs, and sporadically occurred in other organs after 3 days post-infection (PI). The presence and quantity of TUNEL-positive cells increased with infection time until 9 days PI. DNA extracted from the NGVEV-infected gosling cells displayed characteristic 180~200 bp ladders. Apoptotic cells were ubiquitously distributed, especially among lymphocytes, macrophages, monocytes, and epithelial and intestinal cells. Necrosis was subsequently detected during the late NGVEV-infection phase, which was characterized by cell swelling, plasma membrane collapse, and rapidly lysis. Our results suggested that apoptosis may play an important role in the pathogenesis of NGVE disease.     

细胞色素C与细胞凋亡研究进展

在细胞凋亡过程中,线粒体是调控细胞凋亡的中心,而细胞色素C(Cyt-C)从线粒体的释放则起着关键性作用。细胞色素C释放到胞质后可激活Caspase,引发级联反应,从而导致凋亡;Bcl-2蛋白家族具有调控细胞色素C释放的功能;凋亡诱导因子AIF保证着凋亡的有序进行;内质网(ER)通过应激、招募、活化等提高线粒体对促凋亡因子的敏感性,从而使细胞色素C从线粒体线粒体膜间隙(intermembrane space,IMS)释放,发挥了重要的作用。     

细胞凋亡与疾病防治

细胞凋亡是受到包括基因在内的多种因素调节的细胞主动死亡的过程，涉及到一组半胱氨酸蛋白酶家族（caspases)对细胞凋的发生起着关键性作用，通过激活或者抑制caspases的活性，即可促进或抑制细胞发生凋亡，这就为疾病的防治提供了可能性，本文学就细胞凋亡的形态改变、发生机制作了简单综述。     

细胞凋亡的主要检测方法研究进展

细胞凋亡是生理性细胞死亡过程,凋亡在维持动物机体内环境平衡中扮演着极其重要的角色.细胞凋亡的准确检测是研究细胞凋亡相关机制,以及评价细胞凋亡在相应组织或疾病中影响的第一步.形态学是检测细胞凋亡的最直观的方法,至今一直作为细胞凋亡检测的金标准.DNA片段化检测主要有DNA ladder,TUNEL检测法和ELISA检测法...