吉林中部玉米高产施肥与提高化肥利用率研究

通过两年的试验研究结果表明:应用现代高产施肥技术比当地大田玉米增产40%～115%,抗灾能力较强,年际间的产量变异较小;高产与经济效益协调统一的化肥施用量,N素为255kg/hm²较合理,而配施P₂O₅90kg/hm²,K₂O 135kg/hm²产量较高,同时N肥利用率可以从目前的30%左右提高到40%以上,土壤残留N较少,环境负荷小。     

半干旱地区玉米高产栽培经济施氮量研究

2005～2006年在半干旱区玉米高产田上进行了氮肥经济用量研究。结果表明:玉米最高产量施N量为143.5～145.0 kg/hm²,经济产量施N量为98.2～111.7 kg/hm²;经济施N比不施氮肥增产8.01%～12.89%;经济施N比最高产量施N节约用N量31.8～46.8 kg/hm²。     

叶面喷施两种水溶肥料对棉花产量的影响

 研究了叶面喷施微量元素水溶肥料、 含腐植酸水溶肥料对棉花单株结铃数、铃重及产量的影响。结果表明：每次用1500 g·hm^-2微量元素水溶肥料,对水450 kg,或每次用1200 mL·hm^-2含腐植酸水溶肥料,对水450 kg;于棉花盛花期、盛铃期各喷一次,与喷清水比较,分别增产5.99%,5.28%。     

种植方式、密度、施肥量对玉米产量和肥料利用率的影响

采用裂区设计研究了种植方式、种植密度及施肥量对玉米产量的影响。结果表明：等行距种植的玉米产量均高于宽窄行种植;种植密度60 000株/hm²的产量高于45 000株/hm²;施肥增产作用明显,但施肥处理间产量差异不显著。种植方式和密度影响肥料效益和利用率。     

长期施肥和气候因素对东北黑土区玉米产量的影响

本试验以公主岭国家黑土监测基地为平台,研究玉米连作条件下施肥及气候因素对产量的可持续性影响。试验共设有机肥和化肥N、P、K的不同组合共24个试验处理。结果表明,与不施有机肥相比,施用常量有机肥和高量有机肥(FYM1、FYM2)均可以显著提高玉米产量,产量分别达到7668kg/hm²和7925kg/hm²,FYM(无有机肥)处理为5718kg/hm²。有机肥配施化肥比单施化肥也有明显的增产作用,施用N肥165kg/hm²可以显著增加玉米产量,单施磷素、钾素及磷钾配施增产作用不明显,表明土壤中的磷钾营养水平没有限制作物产量。降雨量与产量的相关分析结果表明,磷、钾处理的产量与8月份的降雨量显著相关。     

矿物质有机肥与化肥配施对甘肃河西绿灌区玉米产量构成的影响

在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区通过大田试验,研究矿物质有机肥与化肥配施对玉米产量构成的影响。结果表明,配施矿物质有机肥可以显著提高玉米的生物产量、子粒产量及肥料贡献率。与当前施肥水平比较,玉米在配施矿物质有机肥750 kg/hm²的条件下,化肥不减量和减量15%生物产量分别为38 647、36 869 kg/hm²,比单施化肥处理增产7.61%和2.66%;子粒产量分别为16 544、15 783 kg/hm²,增产7.56%、2.48%;肥料对生物产量贡献率分别为56.26%和49.07%,比单施化肥处理提高11.05和3.87个百分点,表明在配施矿物质有机肥750 kg/hm²的前提下,将氮、磷化肥施用量在当前水平上减量15%可以保证玉米子粒产量稳定在高产水平。     

内单4号春玉米高产栽培技术的研究

以内单4号春玉米为试验材料,采用五因素二次通用回归旋转组合设计(1/2)实施方案,通过建立相应的产量模型,系统地研究了主要栽培因素对产量的影响。试验表明,在当地生产条件下,内单4号公顷产量11250kg的优化栽培措施为:密度6.885～7.065万株/hm²,种肥N 30kg/hm²,种肥P₂O₅96.75～108.15kg/hm²,种肥K₂O 66.75～74.4kg/hm²,拔节肥N 131.85～145.65kg/hm²,穗肥N102.0～117.3kg/hm²;产量构成为:公顷穗数(68250±750),穗粒数(505±10),百粒重(34.8±0.5)g。     

氮肥长效剂(肥隆)在玉米上的应用效果

肥料利用率低不仅造成了资源的浪费,而且带来了严重的环境污染.氮肥长效剂肥隆与氮肥配合施用,变多次施肥为一次基施,提高了肥料利用率,满足玉米整个生育期对氮素的需要,增产增收效果明显,增产幅度205.5～1 360.0kg/hm²,增产率为2.2%～15.3%.肥隆多点大面积应用的结果,为我国缓(控)释肥料的研制提供了科学依据。     

肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦产量和品质的影响

为研究肥料运筹方式对不同用途大麦品种产量和品质的影响,以啤用大麦品种扬农啤7号和饲食兼用大麦品种扬饲麦3号为材料,分析4种肥料运筹方式对大麦籽粒产量和蛋白质含量及麦芽品质的影响。结果表明,在中等偏上肥力的土壤上,扬农啤7号优质高产施肥方式为基施尿素150 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,苗肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥225 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在7 500 kg·hm^-2左右;主要啤酒麦芽品质接近国标二级,可适当减少氮肥用量及提前施用拔节肥改善扬农啤7号籽粒的麦芽品质。无论哪种肥料运筹方式,扬饲麦3号的麦芽品质指标均达不到国家二级麦芽标准,该品种不适宜作为啤酒大麦原料种植,宜作优质高产饲食大麦种植,其较佳肥料运筹方式为基施尿素75 kg·hm^-2+复合肥750 kg·hm^-2,拔节肥施尿素112.5 kg·hm^-2+复合肥375 kg·hm^-2,其产量水平在8 000 kg·hm^-2左右,籽粒蛋白质含量在14.0%左右。     

3个玉米杂交种的丰产稳产性分析

采用Eberhart-Russell模型和高稳系数法,对3个玉米杂交种的丰产稳产性进行了综合评定。结果表明,杂交种正红2号、正红6号和正红115区试平均产量分别为7 575.0 kg/hm2、7 611.8 kg/hm²和7 304.0 kg/hm²,分别比对照增产10.2%、16.6%和6.2%,丰产性突出,稳产性较好,生态适应性强。3个杂交种在环境指数4 500～9 000 kg/hm²时比对照均有不同程度的增产。在生产水平6 000 kg/hm²以上的地区更能充分发挥正红2号的增产增收潜力。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。     

实施茶叶优势区域规划促进川茶产业持续发展

为了充分发挥四川茶叶的比较优势和自然资源优势,进一步提高川茶产业竞争力和促进农民增收,在四川省委、省政府重视下,在开展特色茶叶产品研究的基础上,制订了<四川省茶叶优势区域规划>,以期通过"规划"的实施,在基地建设、规模化生产、产业化经营等方面取得新的突破,为四川省盆周山区和丘陵地区的农村经济发展和农民增收做出新的更大贡献.