宁夏扬黄灌区有机肥配施氮肥对滴灌春玉米生长和产量的影响

通过两年田间定位试验,采用裂区设计,设有机肥为主处理,氮肥为副处理,研究滴灌条件下有机肥与氮肥配施对玉米生长和产量的影响,滴灌条件下砂质土壤春玉米田有机肥和氮肥配施的最佳施用量,为土壤培肥、化肥减施以及提高宁夏扬黄灌区玉米产量提供理论依据。结果表明,玉米产量以有机肥3 000 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥处理最高,比不施肥处理增产50.65%;其次为有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施300 kg/hm^2氮肥和有机肥4 500 kg/hm^2配施225 kg/hm^2氮肥处理,分别较不施肥增产48.78%和46.83%。根据宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区土壤培肥和玉米增产需要,建议推荐有机肥施用量为3 000~4 500 kg/hm^2,配施氮肥用量225~300 kg/hm^2。     

施肥对玉米产量及品质的影响研究

为探寻玉米高效栽培技术，运用随机区组设计对不同施肥条件下相关产量因子和质量因子进行了研究，结果表明，化肥与农家有机肥合理配合施用，可以显著增加产量，提高籽粒蛋白质和可溶性糖的含量，降低脂肪和淀粉的含量，以化肥900kg／hm^2、有机肥30000～45000kg／hm^2的组合相对较好。     

栽培因素对北方粳稻产量及米质的影响——第12报 氮肥施用量对产量及米质的影响

3a试验结果表明,随氮肥施用量的增加,株高、有效穗数、每穗粒数、叶龄都有所增加,但成熟度和千粒重有所减少,但这种趋势氮肥施用量超过110kg／hm^2时差距不明显。氮肥施用量140kg／hm^2时产量最高,110kg／hm^2时效益最好。随氮肥施用量的增加,加工品质、外观品质和食味品质都变劣。     

不同施氮量对核桃林间作花生生长发育及产量的影响

在核桃林间作条件下,对不同氮肥施用量处理花生植株生长、干物质积累、产量构成及经济效益进行研究.2017年和2018年两年试验结果表明:施氮可促进花生生长和干物质积累,增加花生单株饱果数和百果质量,从而提高产量.在施氮量≤210kg/hm^2时,花生产量随氮肥施用量的增加而逐渐增加,氮肥施用量为300kg/hm2时,花生干物质向荚果分配被抑制,进而产量降低.氮肥施用量为210kg/hm^2时,两年间作花生的产量和利润均达最大值,分别为4938.56 kg/hm^2、4512.71 kg/hm^2和21648元/hm^2、19701元/hm^2.     

不同氮磷营养水平对甜菜叶片光合速率的影响

研究表明，N、P施用量对甜菜的光合速率表现显著的二次回归关系，不论何种施磷处理，施氮在0-180kg/hm^2范围内，光合速率均随施氮量增加而提高，不施氮磷与施氮180kg/hm^3，磷450kg/hm^2比较，光合速率提高了46.8%。在施氮0-240kg/hm^2各水平中，光合速率均随施磷量增加而提高，在不施氮条件下，不施磷的光合速率比施磷450kg/hm^2提高了18.9%。光合速率与块根产量呈显著正相关，与含糖率呈显著负相关，与产糖量正相关，但不显著，获得光合速率最高值时的氮磷施用量大于获得较高甜菜产质量时的氮磷肥施用量。     

优质杂交水稻金优284高产栽培技术初探

2006年在湖南宁远对金优284进行了播种期、密度、氮肥与钾肥施用量试验,结果表明：金优284适应性强,在6月24-28日播种,秧龄控制在28d以内,秧田播种量150kg／hm^2,种植密度为30万～37．5万蔸／hm^2,每蔸插2粒谷秧苗,本田施一定数量的有机肥及300kg／hm^2磷肥作基肥,施纯氮150～187．5kg／hm^2,氯化钾75kg／hm^2,辅以浅湿相间的水浆管理,及时防治病虫害,可获得较高产量。     

玉米新品种永科6号高产栽培模型研究

采用4因子5水平旋转回归组合设计研究玉米新品种永科6号产量指标与密度及施肥量的关系，探讨高产栽培优化方案。结果表明：在土壤肥力中等的基础上，获得9000．0kg／hm^2以上目标产量的优化方案是，密度44863．5～46114．5株／hm^2，施纯N266．22～317．7kg／hm^2，施P20s103．12～118．35kg／hm^2，施K20208．1～256．1kg／hm^2；各因子对产量影响程度大小依次为N肥〉密度〉P肥〉K肥。     

密度、穗肥对鄂玉28产量及产量性状和农艺性状的影响

通过对玉米新品种鄂玉28进行不同密度和穗肥试验,分析了不同种植密度、穗肥施用量下品种产量及产量性状和农艺性状,结果表明,该品种在种植密度48750株／hm^2和穗肥用量300kg／hm^2下产量最高。     

不同氮肥施用对杂交稻产量及其氮素利用效率的影响

为了探讨氮肥施用量和施用方法对杂交稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响,2001～2003年在湖南省宁乡县回龙铺镇进行了大田栽培试验。结果表明：改进施氮处理的氮肥用量为100～120kg／hm^2,比农民习惯施肥减少38．9％～47．6%,产量增加0．48～1．48t／hm^2,增幅6．32％～27．3％,减氮增产的效果显著;获得最高产量的适宜氮肥用量为99～147．5kg／hm^2,成熟期氮素吸收量为146．9～194．3kg／hm^2。改进的施氮处理AEN平均为10．6～14．3kg／kg．比农民习惯施肥增加7．0～10．7kg／kg;PFPN平均为65．2～96．8kg／kg,比农民的习惯施肥增加34．1～65．7kg／kg;REN平均为68．5％～76．2％,比农民习惯施肥增加14．1％～21．8％,增幅均达到显著或极显著水平。分析了氮肥用量对植株干物质在茎秆、叶片和稻穗分配的影响,讨论了植株后期对氮素的奢侈吸收而导致减产的可能性。     

云烟87肥料效应及平衡施肥技术初探

2007年在湖南未阳对烤烟实施“3414”肥效试验,结果表明：云烟87在平衡施肥条件下产量最高,减少和增加磷肥施用量对产量影响不显著,而减少和增加氮肥施用量对产量有显著影响,减少钾肥施用量减产极显著;建立了云烟87的施肥模型,其最佳经济施肥量为：N164kg／hm^2,P2O5 170kg／hm^2,K2O 408kg／hm^2。根据土壤速效养分的丰缺情况,制定了该品种的平衡施肥指标体系,对烤烟大田平衡施肥、节本增效具有一定的指导意义。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。