水稻两用核不育系研究进展

概述了水稻两用核不育系育性转换规律、不育起点温度和育性漂移的研究,介绍了两用核不育系的选育途径与方法,分析了两用核不育系选育存在的主要问题,简述了两用核不育系选育的成果,并对今后的研究方向做了展望。     

水稻两用核不育系渝964S的选育

渝964S是重庆市农业科学院利用低不育起点温度不育系Y58S与优质保持系渝802B杂交,然后再与Y58S回交选育而成的迟熟中籼型水稻两用核不育系。该不育系具有不育起点温度低、配合力好、抗病性好、米质较优等特点,2018年通过重庆市技术鉴定。选育的渝两优962、渝两优968已分别进入2019年西南联合体和重庆市区域试验。     

棉花洞A雄性不育两用系选育利用研究

本文着重介绍利用一时隐性核基因抑制不育性状的不育材料培育雄性不育两用系。结果表明，这种不育材料的特点是：单株不育度达１００％，群体不育株率稳定在５０％左右；测交Ｆ１全可育且为选育强优势组合提供了方便。采用一系两用法配制杂种，繁殖不育系应用于大面积取得巨大经济效益。     

实用早籼型两用核不育系选育策略与进展

简要回顾了我国水稻两用核不育系选育的三个阶段及取得的主要成绩 ,分析了存在的主要问题 ,提出了实用早籼型两用核不育系选育策略 ,并详细介绍了作者从事实用早籼型核不育系选育所取得的主要进展。     

新书推介——《两系法杂交水稻研究》

由湖南农业大学陈立云教授主编的《两系法杂交水稻研究》一书获国家科学技术学术著作出版基金资助,并由上海科学技术出版社出版发行。陈立云教授及其团队近年在水稻两用核不育系育种、育性机理、选育策略与方法,两系法超级杂交稻选育及技术路线,超高产与抗逆机理,两系法杂交稻安全高产高效制种技术和水稻两用核不育系繁殖技术,防止水稻两用核不育系不育起点温度漂变的原种生产方法等方面进行了深入全面的研     

温敏两系核不育系‘粮98S’的选育

选育优质广适、配合力强的两用核不育系是培育两系法杂交水稻的基础。按照设计育种理念,确定主要目标性状为主攻指标,经过几年努力,从众多的核不育系材料中,于2014年筛选出各项性状指标基本达到优良核不育系标准的温敏两系核不育系,定名为粮98S,于2015年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会鉴定。介绍了粮98S的选育经过、特征特性及繁殖制种技术。     

杂交油菜蜀杂一号、二号品种简介

(一)蜀杂一号(原代号85—117) 该品种是四川大学生物工程系和什邡县农业局共同选育,为甘蓝型低芥酸核不育两用系杂交油菜。1990年2月经四川省农作物品种审定委员会审定命名。母本S45AB(两用系)是由奥罗品种自然突变产生的不育株经转育、回交、半粒法低芥酸选择与多代选     

广东省实用型水稻低温敏核不育系选育技术

根据广东省的生态条件和耕作制度,确定了广东省应以选育起点温度＜23.5℃的低温敏型两用核不育系为主的育种方向,总结了一套"广州-乳源-三亚"穿梭育种的低温敏核不育系选育程序,可使不育系选育进程每年增加2个世代,并据此选育出GD-1S等一批低温敏核不育系.     

广东优质两用核不育系的选育策略及利用评价

根据广东省的具体情况，初步确定广东实用型两用核不育系的光温不育类型以温敏型为主，适当兼顾光温互作型，不育起点温度22－23℃。介绍了不同熟期两用优质核不育系的选育策略，以及GD－8S、安农S－1／浙9248等几个新育成的优质两用核不育系的生产利用前景。     

水稻两用核不育系渝924S的选育

渝924S是重庆市农业科学院利用高配合力两用核不育系Y58S与优质保持系渝805B杂交,然后再与低不育起点温度两用核不育系C815S复交选育而成的一个中籼迟熟型两用核不育系,具有不育起点温度低、配合力好、综合抗性好、米质外观品质优等特点,2018年通过重庆市技术鉴定。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

芦笋枯萎病病原鉴定

对造成福建省漳州市东山县的芦笋枯萎病病原菌进行分子鉴定,以期确定病原菌的属、种名,为防治该病害寻求理论依据。试验对分离纯化的病原菌核糖体DNA的ITS区进行测序,在Genbank中搜索其同源性并构建它们的系统发育树,结果表明：引起芦笋枯萎病的病原菌是镰刀属中的尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),且病原菌之间的同源性高达89%,遗传差异不显著。