论江西玉米生产及其发展途径

玉米具有多种用途。玉米生产在促进种植业、养殖业及整个农业可持续发展中起着重要的作用。建国40多年来,江西玉米生产有了很大发展,但仍存在着面积小、单产低、总量不足、波动较大及发展不平衡等多方面的问题。为了进一步促进江西玉米生产的不断向前发展,作者提出了大力发展玉米生产的若干条途径,可供有关部门参考。     

辽宁省玉米生产现状与发展方向

简要介绍了辽宁省玉米种植面积、单产水平及玉米分布区域等生产情况,分析了当前玉米生产中存在的问题,并从品种选育、栽培措施及市场需求等方面提出了辽宁省玉米产业的发展方向。     

我国玉米品质现状、问题及发展优质食用玉米对策

本文依据我国玉米生产的发展和市场需求的变化提出了我国玉米生产已进入了一个新的阶段,即提高单产改善品质的阶段.对我国玉米品质现状进行了分析,介绍了食用玉米研究进展、发展趋势及发展优质食用玉米的对策.     

我国特用玉米生产利用现状及发展趋势

介绍了特用玉米的生产利用现状,包括鲜食兼加工型玉米、加工专用型玉米及青饲青贮玉米等,阐述了特用玉米的发展趋势,指出特用玉米品种的多样化和优质高效化、生产规模化与加工销售一体化,生产应用逐步普及化是今后发展的必然趋势     

21世纪初我国玉米遗传育种及玉米生产的发展战略

玉米作为重要的粮食和饲料作物在中国农业上起着极为重要的作用。本文从国内外玉米生产的比较、我国玉米育种科研所取得的成绩和差距、中国玉米育种及生产中的主要问题和未来15年我国玉米育种及生产目标等方面进行了论述，提出了21世纪初我国玉米遗传育种的发展战略。     

南方稻田玉米高产栽培措施浅探

为加快稻田改制步伐 ,发展养殖业 ,提高稻田生产效益 ,对登海系列 5个饲用玉米品种进行了对比试验和大田调查研究 ,从品种选用、种植密度、移栽时期、人工辅助授粉和适时采收等 5个方面探讨南方稻田玉米高产栽培措施。     

陇东地区玉米生产状况分析与发展对策

根据陇东地区光热水土资源潜力、栽培条件、玉米科研及生产现状，详细分析了该区玉米生产中存在的问题和差距，根据实际情况，提出了促进该区玉米生产的思路、对策和措施，使玉米生产健康稳定地发展。     

鲜食玉米研究现状与发展对策

通过对鲜食玉米研究与生产现状的分析,提出了鲜食玉米生产中存在的问题与差距及发展对策:加大科技投入,创新品种类型,选育专用型新品种;加强安全农业投入品及关键技术研究;加速产品加工技术及品质评价研究;尽快建立产品质量标准体系、保证体系及检测体系;五是农牧结合,加大鲜食玉米秸秆的科学合理利用研究,确保鲜食玉米产业化经营健康发展。     

世界玉米产业现状及发展前景

概述了20年来世界玉米生产发展情况、世界玉米产区分布,探讨了世界玉米生产发展的前景。     

再议玉米耐密型品种的选育鉴定及配套栽培技术

合理增加种植密度是加快我国玉米生产发展的重要举措之一。系统介绍了耐密型玉米品种概念的由来、耐密型的内涵和特征及耐密型品种的选育鉴定方法,并提出了推广和种植耐密型玉米品种应注意的问题及其配套栽培技术措施。加快耐密型玉米品种的选育进程,大力推广和种植耐密型玉米品种,并辅以配套栽培技术必将大大推动我国玉米科研和生产水平的进一步提高,加快我国玉米生产发展。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

防治水稻潜叶蝇的药剂筛选

通过对防治水稻潜叶蝇不同药剂、不同用量的田间对比试验,结果表明,32 g/kg的35%丁硫克百威拌种预防潜叶蝇效果最好,药效可达55 d以上,适宜在生产上推广应用。     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

12份白花泡桐材料亲缘关系的ISSR分析

以‘福桐’、‘绿桐’2个无性系与10个不同种源的白花泡桐个体为研究对象，采用ISSR分子标记对12份白花泡桐材料的亲缘关系进行研究，并利用DPSv3.01进行聚类分析。结果表明：10条引物共扩增出66条条带，其中有37条多态带，多态性比例为56.1%。根据ISSR聚类分析结果，在遗传距离为0.35时，12份白花泡桐材料可分为5类，第1类为‘福桐’无性系与河南、河北种源个体；第2类为‘绿桐’无性系与湖南、湖北、江苏种源个体；第3类为浙江、广东种源个体；第4类为江西、福建种源个体；第5类为广西种源个体。此结果     

龙眼种质资源果实经济性状的稳定性评价

为了探讨龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)种质果实性状的稳定性,连续3a对40份不同基因型龙眼种质果实数量性状的年际间表现进行测定比较。结果表明,在气候条件差异较大的不同年份,单果重、果皮重、果肉重、种子重、果皮厚、可食率、可溶性固形含量等果实性状均表现丰富的多样性,并存在年际间的显著或极显著水平差异,气候条件对果实数量性状有显著影响;不同性状的稳定性有差异,其中可食率的稳定性最高,其次是可溶性固形物含量。通过聚类分析,可将40份龙眼种质按果实性状稳定性分成7类。