湖南省稻田玉米发展前景及高产栽培技术

简述了湖南省发展稻田玉米的意义、生态经济效益、发展区域及主要种植制度，并从土壤准备、品种选择、播种、施肥及病虫害防治等几个方面介绍了稻田玉米的高产栽培技术措施。     

稻田春玉米不同育苗方式的效应

在稻田春玉米进行不同育苗方式与露地直播(CK)的对比试验。结果表明：地膜育苗移栽玉米生长发育进程快,能提早成熟5～9d;降低株高10.0～18.2cm,穗位高14.8～16.2cm;并且增加单株穗粒数和千粒重,从而显著增加产量和经济收益。本试验结果为稻田春玉米品种选择最适密度的确立提供技术参考。     

高油玉米花粉直感效应对普通玉米品质的影响

通过两个高油玉米品种与5个普通玉米品种混种,利用高油玉米品种为普通玉米品种授粉,研究高油玉米对普通玉米的花粉直感效应。两年的研究结果表明:通过花粉直感效应,增加了普通玉米的含油量和粗蛋白含量,改变了淀粉含量。与通油1号玉米杂交的5个普通玉米产量均增加,增加幅度最高的是吉单180,其经济效益也最大。与四油199玉米杂交的5个普通玉米,除吉单180外,产量均降低,经济效益最高的是吉单180。由此可见,高油玉米通油1号比四油199更适合与普通玉米进行花粉直感效应,而吉单180是与高油玉米进行花粉直感效应最为合适的普通玉米品种。     

机收玉米品种收获期田间茎腐病抗性表型和植株倒伏状况调查

2009年收获期对83个机收玉米品种进行玉米茎腐病抗性表型和植株抗倒性调查,筛选出对茎腐病表现中等抗病以上的品种49个,倒伏率≤5%的品种16个,≤8%的品种29个。综合各品种对玉米茎腐病抗性表型和倒伏倒折状况,筛选出25个适宜辽宁中部和北部玉米产区的机收品种。     

玉米大豆间混种植对大豆产量和品质的影响

采用三因素随机区组设计,通过2个玉米品种和5个大豆品种间行和同穴混种的方式,研究大豆产量性状、蛋白质含量和脂肪含量的变化.结果表明:玉米品种、大豆品种和种植方式影响大豆产量,但差异不显著.玉米品种和大豆品种的组合对大豆单株产量有显著影响,登海11玉米与南豆12大豆组合的大豆单株产量最高.大豆品种和种植方式的组合对单株产...     

鲁西北地区间作大豆/玉米品种组合综合性状的灰色关联度分析

为明确鲁西北地区适宜间作的大豆/玉米组合品种,以9个不同间作大豆/玉米品种组合为研究对象,采用灰色关联度分析法对不同间作组合中的大豆和玉米农艺性状、产量及效益进行综合分析与评价。研究结果表明:(大豆)齐黄34×(玉米)登海605、(大豆)冀豆12×(玉米)登海605组合中参试大豆品种与理想参考品种加权关联度分别为0.938 1和0.937 8,大豆产量分别为2 155.17和2 119.54 kg·hm~(-2);参试玉米品种与理想参考品种加权关联度分别为0.987 5和0.939 2,玉米产量分别为5 700.69和5 592.18 kg·hm~(-2),这两个间作组合中大豆、玉米综合性状表现最为优良,且综合产量较高,综合经济效益较好,适宜在鲁西北间作大豆/玉米种植模式中大面积推广种植。     

基于聚类和逐步回归分析的玉米品种间关系研究

通过对41个玉米品种的比较试验确定15个性状特征,利用聚类分析和逐步回归分析方法研究性状特征间的关系。结果表明,41个玉米品种可聚分为5类;各类品种的性状均值分析可知,第Ⅲ和第Ⅳ类玉米品种产量高,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅳ类玉米品种抗倒伏能力强,第V类玉米品种抗病害能力强。通过建立产量与其他性状的"最优"回归方程,表明穗粗、百粒重、空秆率和株高4个性状对产量影响显著且作用递减。     

玉米杂交种对4种病害的兼抗性鉴定初报

对豫北地区广泛种植的21个玉米杂交品种进行了玉米苗枯病、玉米弯孢叶斑病、玉米小斑病和玉米黑粉病的兼抗性鉴定。结果表明:能兼抗3种以上玉米病害的品种为金海5号、郑单21、豫玉29、农大108、3138、金海702、郑单958,上述品种建议在生产上推广。     

1979～2020年我国玉米品种审定情况回顾与展望

1979～2020年全国31个玉米品种审定委员会累计审定玉米新品种17 127(个)次,去除同一品种不同省份重复审定,统计得到14 121个审定品种。郑单958、中单9409等7个品种审定10次以上;山东登海种业股份有限公司、北京市农林科学院玉米研究中心等6个单位审定品种超过100个;昌7-2、吉853等5个自交系育成超过50个审定品种;郑单958、中单2号等34个品种累计推广面积超过266.67×10~4hm~2;郑单958、会单4号等6个品种推广年限超过20年。分析表明,我国玉米品种审定数量与种业政策密切相关,企业逐渐成为玉米商业化育种的主体,玉米育种的"卡脖子"问题在于优异种质资源相对匮乏。     

不同双季稻品种在江西2种土壤类型稻田的产量及氮、磷肥效应研究

以江西省大面积种植的10个早稻和10个晚稻品种为材料,分别在冲积土和红壤土2种类型稻田种植,研究早、晚稻品种在正常施肥(NPK)、不施氮肥(PK)和不施磷肥(NK)3种处理条件下的产量表现及其对土壤氮、磷素依存率和氮、磷肥贡献率的差异。结果显示,2种土壤上各水稻品种的产量总体上表现为冲积土>红壤土;早稻品种淦鑫203、先农29和晚稻品种新优752在2种土壤类型稻田同时具有高产和高氮、磷利用率特性,是较理想的品种;在施肥量上,双季稻品种在2类土壤稻田宜保持正常氮肥用量,但应适当减少磷肥用量,且冲积土稻田磷肥用量要少于红壤土稻田。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族6个成员的染色体物理定位

MADS-box基因家族广泛分布于真核生物中,巴西橡胶树的MADS-box基因家族主要参与花形态建成,对生殖生长起到重要的调节作用。目前,MADS-box基因家族的26个相关基因已被克隆分析,但它们在染色体上的具体位置还未确定。本研究以巴西橡胶树‘热研7-33-97’品种为材料,将MADS-box基因家族的6个成员（HbAGL8、HbAG15、HbAGL30、HbTT16、HbAP1和HbSVP1）定位在细胞核染色体上,通过双探针荧光原位杂交技术（FISH）对巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的这6个成员在细胞核染色体上进行物理定位分析。结果表明：MADS-box基因家族的6个基因分别位于不同的染色体上,其中HbAGL15、HbAG8、HbAG30和HbSVP1基因定位在第4、5、7和8号染色体长臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是11.85、39.71、48.94和6.70;HbTT16和HbAP1基因定位在第1和13号染色体短臂上,其信号位点到着丝粒的平均百分距离是22.19和18.01。本研究结果揭示了巴西橡胶树MADS-box基因家族的6个成员在细胞核染色体上的实际位置,展现家族基因之间的分布特点和连锁遗传关系,不仅丰富了橡胶树分子细胞遗传学信息,也为橡胶树的分子辅助育种和比较基因组学研究提供了分子细胞遗传学的科学理论依据。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.