辛硫磷慢性暴露对大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响

本试验旨在研究辛硫磷(Phoxim)对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨辛硫磷中毒的氧化应激机制。将36只SD大鼠分成对照组和2个染毒组,染毒组大鼠分别以30(低剂量组)和300μmol/kg体重剂量(高剂量组)灌服辛硫磷,连续灌服153、0 d后,分别测定血浆和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝脏组织学变化。结果表明:辛硫磷染毒后大鼠血浆和肝脏ChE活性均极显著降低(P<0.01),尤其是高剂量染毒组,大鼠血浆ChE最大降低至对照组的22%,肝匀浆中ChE活性降低至对照组的75%。大鼠血浆和肝脏SOD、GSH-Px活性变化随染毒时间延长呈下降趋势,血浆和肝脏MDA含量均呈上升趋势。组织学检查显示辛硫磷可造成肝细胞脂肪变性。本研究表明,大鼠辛硫磷持续染毒可以诱导机体脂质过氧化增强,并导致肝脏结构损伤,说明氧化应激在辛硫磷的肝脏毒性中发挥着重要作用。     

羊胎盘转移因子注射液对大白鼠和幼犬营养作用的试验研究

[目的]通过研究羊胎盘转移因子注射液对健康大白鼠、人工创伤模型大白鼠和健康杂种幼犬的血浆总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮(NO)和血红蛋白(Hb)含量的影响,探讨供试药品对受试动物的营养作用,进而评估其临床营养功效。[方法]将24只健康大鼠和16只健康杂种幼犬分别随机分为试验组和对照组,为试验组大鼠和试验组幼犬灌服供试药品,并检测给药前后血浆TP、ALB和Hb含量的变化。将45只健康大鼠人工创伤造模后分成低剂量试验组、中剂量试验组和对照组3个组,试验组大鼠使用不同剂量供试药品,于术后3、7、14d测定血浆TP、ALB、SOD和NO含量的变化。[结果]①为健康大鼠灌服供试药品后,与对照组相比,试验组健康大鼠血浆TP、ALB含量显著(P0.05)提高。②为健康杂种幼犬灌服供试药品后3d,与对照组相比,试验组健康杂种幼犬血浆中TP、Hb含量均极显著(P0.01)提高,ALB含量显著(P0.05)提高。③为人工创伤模型大鼠灌服供试药品后,与对照组相比,各试验组术后3d血浆TP、ALB、NO含量均提高;术后7 d中剂量组血浆TP、ALB、NO含量均极显著提高(P0.01),低剂量组显著提高(P0.05);术后14 d,试验组血浆TP、ALB含量恢复到术前,试验组血浆NO含量升高,无显著差异(P0.05)。与对照组相比,术后3 d和7 d,各试验组血浆SOD含量升高,无显著差异(P0.05);术后14d,各试验组SOD含量升高,中剂量组显著(P0.05)升高。[结论]羊胎盘转移因子注射液可显著改善健康大鼠和健康杂种幼犬的营养状况,促进术后大鼠创伤恢复和幼犬的生长发育,提高机体抗病能力,在临床上兼具改善营养和提高免疫力的作用。     

灌胃染镉对大鼠体内某些酶的影响及镉的器官分布

30只成年雌性SD大鼠，等分为5组，Ⅰ至Ⅳ组灌胃馀服分别含0、0.2、1.0、2.0mg镉（Cd）的氯化镉溶液1mL／只，每日1次，持续10d；Ⅴ组灌镉剂量与Ⅳ组相同，持续时间为30d。结果发现，染镉组（Ⅱ－Ⅳ组）：血浆丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）和精氨酸酶（ARG）活力明显升高（P＜0.05），但ALT活力升高剂量－效在系不规律；肝匀浆ALT活力明显下降（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）；全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH－Px）活力显著下降（P＜0.05），肝匀浆中GSH－Px的活力也下降；心、肝、肾中Cd的含量无意产加，蓄积量与灌服剂量呈正相关（r值分别为0.9384、0.9687和0.9379）。Ⅳ组和Ⅴ组比较，随时间延长，心、肝、肾中Cd蓄积量均明显增加，且肾较肝增加更显著，结论认为，灌胃染镉对大鼠的生长有障碍作用，镉可以明显地抑制SH－Px的活力，降低机体组织的抗氧化能力，引起肝等实质细胞的损伤；血浆ARG的活力可以作为哺乳动物急性镉暴露的一个辅助性监测指标；由于损伤性泄漏和直接的抑制同时存在，以血浆中ALT的活力来评价镉对实质器官的损害应十分慎重。     

乐果亚长期暴露对大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响

本试验旨在研究乐果(Dimethoate)对大鼠的毒性作用,探讨乐果中毒的氧化应激机制.将24只SD大鼠分成对照组和3个染毒组,分别以0、1、6、30 mg/kg体质量剂量灌服乐果,连续灌服30 d后,测定血浆和肝脏胆碱酯酶(ChE)活性及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,并观察肝脏组织学和超微结构变化.结果显示,乐果染毒后大鼠血浆和肝脏ChE活性均极显著降低(P<0.01);大鼠肝脏SOD活性呈上升趋势,而GSH-Px、CAT活性随染毒剂量增加呈先下降后上升趋势;各染毒组肝脏MDA含量均呈上升趋势;组织学和超微结构检查显示肝细胞脂肪变性、凋亡等.结果表明.大鼠乐果持续染毒可以诱导机体脂质过氧化增强,并导致肝脏结构损伤,说明氧化应激在乐果的肝脏毒性中发挥重要作用.     

复方当归制剂对慢性氟中毒大鼠抗氧化系统的影响

采用Wistar大鼠复制慢性氟中毒模型,口服不同剂量的复方当归制剂,探讨其对慢性氟中毒大鼠的颉颃作用机理。检测各组大鼠血浆超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。实验结束时,测定血浆和肝、肾组织中的上述各项指标及机体总抗氧化力。结果表明,慢性氟中毒大鼠肾脏的脂质过氧化损伤最为明显,其抗氧化酶活力显著下降,脂质过氧化产物血浆MDA含量明显升高。灌服一定剂量的复方当归制剂能缓解氟中毒大鼠牙齿损伤程度,推迟氟斑牙的发生时间,还能明显增强机体总抗氧化力。     

饲粮中添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化指标的影响。选取体重为(22.0±0.5)kg的3月龄湖羊公羔30只,随机分为3组,每组10只,单栏饲养。对照组每天饲喂基础饲粮,试验组每天分别在基础饲粮中添加200和400 mg番茄红素。试验期共110 d,其中预试期10 d,正试期100 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,1)饲粮添加200和400mg/d番茄红素有提高绵羊平均日增重的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),并可显著降低料重比(P0.05);2)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素可显著提高绵羊胸宽(P0.05),添加200 mg/d番茄红素有提高体长、体高和胸围的趋势(0.05≤P0.10);3)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素有提高宰前活重、背肌重、肾脏重和GR值的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),添加400 mg/d番茄红素可显著提高皮重(P0.05),其他屠宰性能指标各组间无显著差异(P0.05);4)饲粮添加200和400 mg/d番茄红素有提高血清超氧化物歧化酶活性的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),添加200mg/d番茄红素可显著提高血清过氧化氢酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P0.05)。结果表明,饲粮添加番茄红素对绵羊生长发育、屠宰性能和血清抗氧化能力有一定的提高作用,本试验条件下以200 mg/d添加量的效果较优。     

苜蓿黄酮对绵羊血液抗氧化性能的影响

试验旨在研究苜蓿黄酮对萨福克小尾寒羊杂交羊的血液抗氧化性能。采用单因素随机区组实验设计,选择体重为(27.02±3.03)kg的萨福克小尾寒羊杂交羊28只,随机分成4组,每组7只。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%、0.4%剂量的苜蓿黄酮。试验期48 d,其中预试期7 d,正试期41 d。结果表明:试验组绵羊血清中总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、超氧阴离子清除能力和羟基自由基清除能力较对照组有升高趋势,且谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究结果证明,苜蓿黄酮可提高绵羊的抗氧化性能。     

棉籽糖对大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响

为了研究棉籽糖对SD大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化作用的影响,选用30日龄80只SD大鼠,随机分为4组,每组10只,设2个重复,每重复10只,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%,0.15%,0.3%棉籽糖,试验期40d,测定大鼠免疫功能及抗氧化性能指标。结果表明,与对照组比较,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组大鼠血液中白细胞、淋巴细胞数量升高,可促进免疫器官发育,提高T淋巴细胞阳性率;棉籽糖能提高血清中SOD、GSH-Px活性,降低血清中H2O2、MDA的含量。因此,棉籽糖可增强大鼠机体的免疫力,提高抗氧化作用,在日粮中适宜添加量为0.15%。     

番茄红素对壬基酚诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制研究

探讨番茄红素(lycopene,LYC)对壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)亚慢性中毒诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制。将40只清洁级ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(CON)、中毒组(NPG)、番茄红素对照组(LCG)和番茄红素干预组(LNG)。对照组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后重复操作;中毒组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液;番茄红素对照组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服0.1 mL玉米油;番茄红素干预组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液。各组连续进行相应灌胃处理30 d后,记录小鼠体重,颌下静脉采集血样,并对小鼠进行安乐死,剖解后采集小鼠脾称重,分析小鼠日均增重以及脾体系数的组间差异;检查血清中免疫细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的变化;检测脾氧化与抗氧化指标MDA、T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px和SOD的差异变化;检测凋亡通路p53/Bcl-2各蛋白表达的差异。结果表明,与NPG相比,经过LYC干预后NP暴露小鼠日均增重显著升高(P<0.05),血清免疫细胞因子含量和脾抗氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);LYC干预后小鼠脾凋亡通路关键分子Akt、p-Akt和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),p53和Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,LYC对NP诱导的小鼠脾损伤具有保护作用,这与LYC增强脾抗氧化能力,抑制脾细胞凋亡有关。     

番茄红素对壬基酚诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制研究

探讨番茄红素(lycopene,LYC)对壬基酚(nonylphenol,NP)亚慢性中毒诱导小鼠脾损伤的保护作用及机制。将40只清洁级ICR小鼠随机分为对照组(CON)、中毒组(NPG)、番茄红素对照组(LCG)和番茄红素干预组(LNG)。对照组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后重复操作;中毒组,每天8:30灌服玉米油0.1 mL,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液;番茄红素对照组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服0.1 mL玉米油;番茄红素干预组,每天8:30灌服5 mg·kg^-1番茄红素,2 h后灌服150 mg·kg^-1壬基酚溶液。各组连续进行相应灌胃处理30 d后,记录小鼠体重,颌下静脉采集血样,并对小鼠进行安乐死,剖解后采集小鼠脾称重,分析小鼠日均增重以及脾体系数的组间差异;检查血清中免疫细胞因子IL-2、IFN-γ和TNF-α的变化;检测脾氧化与抗氧化指标MDA、T-AOC、CAT、GSH-Px和SOD的差异变化;检测凋亡通路p53/Bcl-2各蛋白表达的差异。结果表明,与NPG相比,经过LYC干预后NP暴露小鼠日均增重显著升高(P<0.05),血清免疫细胞因子含量和脾抗氧化酶活性显著升高(P<0.05);LYC干预后小鼠脾凋亡通路关键分子Akt、p-Akt和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平显著升高(P<0.05),p53和Bax蛋白表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。结果提示,LYC对NP诱导的小鼠脾损伤具有保护作用,这与LYC增强脾抗氧化能力,抑制脾细胞凋亡有关。     

Effects of Intragastric Lycopene on Oxidative Stress of Blood after Exercise SD Rats

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of intragastric lycopene on oxidative stress blood after exercise SD rats.Thirty two SD rats with similar weight(233.40 g±6.21 g) and good health for SPF were randomized into one control groups and three trial groups with 8 rats per group.The control group was gastric fed with edible oil,the trial Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ groups were gastric fed with edible oil intragastric with 10,20,40 mg/(kg·BW) lycopene,respectively.The pre-experiment period lasted for 10 d,and the experiment period lasted for 42 d.Swimming train six days a week and train six weeks,then that blood were collection for determination of oxidative stress after swimming train 11 hours SD rats.The results showed that lycopene concentration of plasma was increased at first and decreased subsequently,after 4 h lycopene concentration of plasma in SD rat was peak.With the increase of intragastric lycopene doses,glutathione peroxidase,total antioxidant enzyme activity and total antioxidant capacity of plasma showed a trend of rising; malondialdehyde content of plasma showed a trend of decrease with the increase of supplemental lycopene dose after exercise SD rats.Therefore,the antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats and doses of intragastric lycopene were dose dependent,antioxidant capacity of blood after exercise SD rats showed a trend of rise with the increase of lycopene dose.     

Effects of lycopene supplementation in both maternal and offspring diets on growth performance,antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in chicks

This study investigated the effects of different supplementation ways of lycopene during pre‐hatch (from the diet of hens) and post‐hatch (from the diet of progeny) on production performance, antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in chicks. In total, 360 hens were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group) or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet. From 28 to 34 days after the start of supplementation (30 weeks old), 650 qualified eggs were collected to artificial incubation. In this trial, 2 × 2 factorial designs were used. Male chicks hatched from hens fed with 0 or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet were fed a diet containing either 0 or 40 mg lycopene/kg diet. The results showed that, relative to control, in ovo‐deposited lycopene significantly increased chick birth body weight, improved liver total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) and glutathione to oxidized glutathione ratio (GSH: GSSG), and significantly declined liver malondialdehyde (MDA) level and increased liver lycopene content during 0–14 days after hatching. On days 14 after hatching, dietary lycopene in diet began to take over gradually. Both supplementation ways of lycopene increased immune organ index, serum high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, villus length and villus/crypt in duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Data in this study suggested lycopene supplementation could improve antioxidant capacity and immune function, and regulate lipid metabolism in chicks.     

短期灌喂民猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2对SD大鼠生长、免疫及肠道菌群的影响

试验探究了短期灌喂民猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2对SD大鼠生长、血液生化与免疫、肠道菌群等相关指标的影响，拟为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌在畜禽中的应用提供参考依据。选取21日龄、体重相近、SPF级健康SD雌性大鼠共24只，将其随机分成2组，每组6个重复，每个重复2只。预饲期3 d。试验期，对照组灌喂生理盐水0.2 mL/d，试验组灌喂猪源贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2菌液0.2 mL/d；每天灌喂1次，连续灌喂7 d。35和45日龄，每个重复随机选取1只大鼠处死采样。结果表明，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2有增加末重和日增重、降低日采食量和料重比的趋势（P>0.05）。短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2显著降低了35日龄大鼠血浆中甘油三酯浓度和IgA、TNF-α的水平（P<0.05），以及45日龄大鼠血浆中IL-6的浓度（P<0.05），并显著提高35日龄大鼠血浆中IgM的浓度（P<0.05）；对35日龄大鼠肠道菌群无显著影响（P>0.05），可显著降低45日龄大鼠放线菌门和变形菌门的比例（P<0.05）。综上所述，短期灌喂贝莱斯芽孢杆菌M2可以调控SD大鼠的脂代谢、免疫力和肠道多种菌群的丰度。     

番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存及鲜精品质影响

旨在探究番茄红素对秦川牛精液冷冻保存和新鲜精液品质的影响,为番茄红素作为新型精液稀释液添加剂和种公畜日粮添加剂提供依据。本研究采集3头年龄3~5岁健康状况良好秦川种公牛的新鲜精液混合,用0、1、2、3、4 μmol·L^-1浓度的番茄红素稀释液冷冻保存;利用计算机辅助分析仪、低渗肿胀检测法、花生凝集素荧光标记检测法、罗丹明荧光检测法等检测精子的运动性能、顶体完整率、质膜完整性、线粒体活性和抗氧化性能;在秦川种公牛日粮中添加15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素,检测饲喂前后秦川种公牛的新鲜精液品质和血清抗氧化指标。结果表明,在秦川牛精液冷冻保存过程中添加番茄红素可以显著提高冷冻-解冻后精子的活力、顶体完整率、质膜完整性和线粒体活性以及抗氧化酶CAT和GSH-Px酶活性,显著降低精子中MDA含量,且番茄红素的最适添加浓度为2 μmol·L^-1(P<0.05);饲喂15 mg·kg^-1 BW番茄红素后,与饲喂之前相比,秦川种公牛的精子活力显著提高(P<0.05),精子畸形率显著降低(P<0.05),血清中抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px酶活性显著增加(P<0.05),MDA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。综上所述,一定浓度的番茄红素对精子在冷冻过程中造成的精子损伤和秦川牛机体应激造成的繁殖性能降低具有良好的保护作用,这可能与番茄红素通过抗氧化作用减少精子在冷冻-解冻过程中的氧化损伤和提高动物机体的抗氧化能力有关。     

Effects of Phytooestrogens Supplementation on Blood Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Lactating Yili Mare

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of phytooestrogens supplementation on blood biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation.A total of 24 Yili maria during lactation were divided into four groups with similar age,parity,lactation months,i.e.groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and control group.The control group and trial groups fed with the same based diet,groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were supplemented with 0.7 g soybean isoflavone,0.7 g genistein,0.35 g soybean isoflavone and 0.35 g genistein respectively.The total duration of the experiment was 90 d,the first 10 d of the experiment was the preliminary period and the formal experiment lasted for 80 d.The blood samples were collected by jugular vein in the experiment of 0,20,40,60,80 days,respectively,3 500 r/min centrifuged 15 min separate plasma and -20 ℃ saved for later use.The results showed that compared with control group,total protein,albumin content and GSH-Px,SOD,CAT activity of blood in trail groups were no significant difference (P >0.05);But CAT,T-AOC activity of blood in trail groups had a upward trend.GLB,BUN content of blood in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than control group and group Ⅰ (P< 0.05);no significant difference was observed among other groups (P >0.05).Compared with control group,the MDA content of blood in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ were trends to decrease,and group Ⅰ reached significant level (P< 0.05).Therefore,phytooestrogens supplementation had enhanced immune function,improved the body's antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation,when supplementary feeding 0.7 g soybean isoflavone on antioxidant capacity of Yili maria during lactation was more obvious effect.     

补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化力的影响

试验旨在研究补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响。根据年龄、胎次、泌乳月龄相近的原则选择泌乳期伊犁母马24匹,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组在饲喂基础日粮的基础上分别补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮、0.7 g染料木素、0.35 g大豆异黄酮和0.35 g染料木素。预试期10 d,正试期80 d,分别于试验的第0、20、40、60、80天颈静脉采集血液样品,3 500 r/min离心15 min,分离血浆,－20 ℃保存备用。结果表明,与对照组相比,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期伊犁母马血液中总蛋白、白蛋白含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响均不显著(P >0.05);但试验组过氧化氢酶活性、总抗氧化能力均有不同程度的提高;试验Ⅱ组血液中球蛋白、尿素氮含量显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),其余各组间差异均不显著(P >0.05);与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组血液中丙二醛含量均呈降低趋势,且试验Ⅰ组达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,补饲植物雌激素对泌乳期母马增强免疫机能,提高机体抗氧化能力起到了一定作用,且补饲0.7 g大豆异黄酮时对机体抗氧化能力效果较为明显。     

胍基乙酸对保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖代谢关键酶的影响

本试验旨在探讨胍基乙酸对保育猪生长性能、抗氧化能力和糖代谢关键酶的影响。选取体重为(19.03±1.30)kg的健康"杜×长×大"三元杂交仔猪64头,随机分为2组,每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,胍基乙酸组饲粮在基础饲粮中添加600 mg/kg胍基乙酸。预试期7 d,正试期14 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,胍基乙酸组保育猪的平均日增重显著升高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05);2组间的末重和平均日采食量无显著差异(P0.05)。2)胍基乙酸组保育猪的血浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)抑制率、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)显著高于对照组(P0.05),2组间的血浆丙二醛(MDA)含量无显著差异(P0.05)。3)胍基乙酸组保育猪的血浆果糖-6-磷酸激酶(PFK)、丙酮酸激酶(PK)、异柠檬酸脱氢酶(IDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸-辅酶Q还原酶(NADHCo Q)和肌酸激酶(CK)活性均极显著高于对照组(P0.01),血浆己糖激酶(HK)活性有低于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10),血浆三磷酸腺苷(ATP)合成酶(ATPase)活性有高于对照组的趋势(0.05≤P0.10)。由此可知,饲粮中添加胍基乙酸可改善保育猪的生长性能,提高其抗氧化能力,并可通过提高糖代谢关键酶(PFK、PK、IDH、MDH)及线粒体呼吸链相关酶(NADH-Co Q、ATPase)活性促进体内的分解代谢,提高机体ATP水平,进而可能促进储能组织(肌肉和脂肪)的合成。     

Effect of under‐ and overfeeding on sheep and goat milk and plasma enzymes activities related to oxidation

Twenty‐four dairy sheep and goats, respectively, were assigned each to three homogenous subgroups per animal species and fed the same diet in quantities which met 70% (underfeeding), 100% (control) and 130% (overfeeding) of their energy and crude protein requirements. The results showed that the underfed sheep in comparison with the control had significantly lower glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and total antioxidant capacity (measured with Ferric Reducing Ability of Plasma [FRAP] assay) in their blood plasma. A significant increase in the glutathione transferase (GST) and GPX activities, malondialdehyde content and total antioxidant capacity (measured with 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid) [ABTS] assay) in the blood plasma of underfed goats compared with controls was observed, while the opposite happened for the GR and SOD activities. The underfeeding in both animal species caused a significant increase in the protein carbonyls (PC) content of their blood plasma. The overfeeding, compared with the control, caused a significant decline in the GPX activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured with FRAP) in the blood plasma of sheep while the opposite happened for the GPX and GST activities in the case of goats. The overfed animals, of both species, compared with the respective controls, had higher PC content in their blood plasma. The feeding level had no noticeable impact on the antioxidants' enzymes activities of milk in both animal species. Moreover, the underfeeding in the blood plasma and the overfeeding in milk of both animal species resulted into a significant increase in the PC content. Finally, only in sheep milk, the underfeeding, compared with the respective control, and overfeeding reduced significantly the total antioxidant capacity (measured with ABTS). The feeding level caused oxidative stress in both organism and milk but the response was different in animal species and needs further investigation.     

微生物源性抗氧化剂对大鼠繁殖损伤的修复作用研究

本研究以脂多糖(LPS)作为自由基的诱发剂,微生物源性抗氧化剂作为自由基的清除剂,探讨自由基对大鼠繁殖性能的损伤及抗氧化剂的修复作用。将64只70日龄SD大鼠随机分成4组,每组16只,雌雄对半。对照组和损伤模型组饲喂基础日粮,抗氧化剂组和损伤修复组饲喂基础日粮并添加0.8 mL/d.只微生物源性抗氧化剂。损伤模型组和损伤修复组腹腔注射1 mg/kg LPS,对照组和抗氧化剂组注射等量的生理盐水,研究微生物源性抗氧化剂对雌鼠和雄鼠繁殖性能的影响。结果表明,注射LPS的雌鼠雌二醇浓度下降,受孕率降低,雄鼠精子数目、精子活动率和a级精子数显著降低。日粮中添加微生物源性抗氧化剂使雌鼠生育综合指数明显提高,血清中雌二醇含量升高,雄鼠精子数目增加,精子运动能力增强,断奶时仔鼠的数量和存活率提高。与损伤模型组相比,损伤修复组可一定程度提高大鼠的生育状况。结果提示,注射LPS导致大鼠产生氧化应激,对机体生殖机能造成损伤,微生物源性抗氧化剂具有提高大鼠繁殖性能并一定程度修复繁殖损伤的作用。