微生物浊度法测定三种兽用抗生素效价

分别以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,制成菌悬液.将硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素稀释成不同的浓度加入菌悬液中,37℃培养3～4 h,确立浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围,并对所建立的浊度法进行准确度、精密度、浊度法与管碟法比较及专属性等验证.结果表明硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素的线性浓度范围分别为2.9 ～7.2 、0.6～2.0、44.9～93.2 u/mL,相关系数r分别为0.997 4、0.998 4、0.997 8.硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素所建立的浊度法平均回收率及平均可信限率分别为99.82%,2.48%、 99.66%,2.80%、99.61%,7.62%.管碟法与浊度法所测结果无显著差异.硫酸安普霉素和泰乐菌素浊度法具有可信限率低、灵敏度高、精密度高、快速等优点;硫酸黏菌素建立的浊度法可信限率与管碟法接近.     

微生物浊度法测定泰乐菌素及其制剂含量的研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,将泰乐菌素稀释成不同的浓度,寻找浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围,建立测定泰乐菌素及其制剂含量的浊度法。泰乐菌素的浓度在0.6-2.0u/mL之间,其浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关,相关系数r为0.9992。经t检验,泰乐菌素浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度回归效果显著。所建立的浊度法平均回收率为99.87%,平均可信限率为2.76%,RSD为0.37%。管碟法与浊度法所测结果无显著差异。浊度法具有简便、精确、快速的特点,可用于泰乐菌素及其制剂含量的测定。     

微生物浊度法测定3种兽用抗生素效价的研究

分别以金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,制成菌悬液。将硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素稀释成不同的浓度加入菌悬液中,37℃培养3～4h,确立浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围,并对所建立的浊度法进行准确度、精密度、浊度法与管碟法比较及专属性等验证。结果表明硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素的线性浓度范围分别为2．9—7．2、0．6～2．0、44．9～93．2u／mL,相关系数r分别为0．9974、0．9984、0。9978。硫酸安普霉素、泰乐菌素、硫酸黏菌素所建立的浊度法平均回收率及平均可信限率分别为99．82％,2．48％、99．66％,2．80％、99．61％,7．62％。管碟法与浊度法所测结果无显著差异。硫酸安普霉素和泰乐菌素浊度法具有可信限率低、灵敏度高、精密度高、快速等优点;硫酸黏菌素建立的浊度法可信限率与管碟法接近。     

微生物浊度法测定安普霉素及其制剂效价的研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,制成菌悬液。将硫酸安普霉素稀释成不同的浓度加入菌悬液中,37 ℃培养3～4 h,确立浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围,并对所建立的浊度法进行准确度、精密度、专属性及适用性等验证。结果表明,安普霉素的浓度在2.9～7.2 U/mL之间,其浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关,相关系数r＝0.9988。经t检验,安普霉素浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度回归效果显著。所建立的浊度法平均回收率为99.82%,平均可信限率为2.48%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.86%。管碟法与比浊法所测结果无显著差异。因此,本方法具有可信限率低、灵敏度高、精密度高、快速等优点,可用于硫酸安普霉素及其制剂的效价测定。     

微生物浊度法测定硫酸安普霉素及制剂含量的试验研究

以金黄色葡萄球菌为供试菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基.将硫酸安普霉素稀释成不同浓度,寻找浓度的对数值与相应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围,建立测定硫酸安普霉素及其制剂含量的浊度法.硫酸安普霉素的浓度在3.6～6.0 μ/mL之间,其浓度的对数值与相应的吸光度呈直线相关,相关系数r=0.9909.经t检验,硫酸安普霉素浓度的对数值与相对应的回归效果显著.所建立的浊度法平均回收率为100.73%,平均可信限率为2.94%,RSD为0.31%.     

浊度法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉效价研究

目的:建立浊度法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉效价的方法。方法:以金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,制备菌悬液。采用浊度法和管碟法对酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉的效价测定进行比较,并对浊度法进行方法学验证。结果:用浊度法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉的效价,泰乐菌素的浓度范围在0.6-2.0 u/mL之间,其浓度对数与吸收度有良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.999 0,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD为0.91%;用浊度法与管碟法测定结果无明显差异,方法学验证表明,浊度法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素可溶性粉效价的方法可行。结论:本方法具有可信限率低、灵敏度高、精密度高、快速简便等优点,可用于泰乐菌素及其制剂的效价测定。     

微生物浊度法测硫酸安普霉素及其制剂含量的研究

以抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,金黄色葡萄球菌为试验菌,将硫酸安普霉素稀释成不同的浓度,寻找其呈直线相关的线性范围,并对所建立的浊度法进行准确度、精密度、专属性、浊度法与管碟法比较等验证。结果表明:硫酸安普霉素的浓度在2.9～7.2u/ml之间时,其浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数:R2=0.9988。硫酸安普霉素所建立的微生物浊度法平均回收率及平均可信限率为100.00%和1.88%。浊度法与管碟法所测结果无显著差异。浊度法具有简便、精确、快速的特点,可用于硫酸安普霉素及其制剂含量的测定。     

微生物浊度法测定硫酸安普霉素可溶性粉含量的研究方法

以金黄色葡萄球菌为试验茵,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,将硫酸安普霉素可溶性粉稀释成不同的浓度,寻找浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关的线性范围。建立测定安普霉素含量的浊度法。安普霉素的浓度在2．9～7．2μg／ml之间,其浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度呈直线相关,相关系数r为0．9962。经t检验安普霉素浓度的时数值与相对应的吸光度回归效果显著。所建立的浊度法平均回收率为100．10％,平均可信限率为3．05％,RSD为0．23％。管蝶法与浊度法所测得结果无显著差异。浊度法具有简便、精确、快速的特点,可用于安普霉素可溶性粉含量的测定。     

两种方法测红霉素的含量

以培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,金黄色葡萄球菌为实验菌,将红霉素稀释成不同的浓度,寻找其呈直线相关的线性范围。建立浊度法测定红霉素效价含量的方法,并将浊度法测定的结果与管碟法测定结果相比较,无显著差异。浊度法具有简便、精确、快速的特点,结果的精密度与准确度均较管碟法好,但浊度法也有其缺点。     

微生物浊度法测定硫酸黏菌素E含量的研究

以大肠杆菌为试验菌,抗生素检定培养基Ⅲ号为试验用培养基,研究比浊法测定硫酸黏菌素及其制剂的含量。硫酸黏菌素的浓度在44.9 u/ml～93.2u/ml之间时,检测菌液接种浓度为0.3%,培养时间为2～3h,其浓度的对数值与相对应的吸光度具有良好的线性关系,相关系数：r＝0.9978。所建立的浊度法重现性较好,具有简便、精确、快速的特点,可用于硫酸黏菌素及其制剂含量的测定。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.