有窗鸡舍内不同区域笼位对种鸡生产性能的影响

为了解鸡舍内不同笼位对种鸡生产性能的影响,按鸡笼在鸡舍内的排列情况,每个单列为1组,从南向北依次分为1～6组,记录3周内的生产指标.结果表明各组之间环境条件差异不显著,生产性能指标差异不显著.     

丝兰提取物和酸化剂合用对肉鸡生产性能及鸡舍有害气体质量浓度的影响

选用240只1日龄健康的AA商品代肉鸡雏,随机分为4个处理,每处理3个重复,每重复20只鸡。试验1组,饲喂基础日粮;试验2组~试验4组,在基础饲粮中依次添加2 g/kg的酸化剂、120 mg/kg的丝兰提取物及2 g/kg的酸化剂+120 mg/kg的丝兰提取物,研究丝兰提取物和酸化剂合用对肉鸡生产性能及鸡舍有害气体质量浓度的影响。试验结果表明:试验2组、试验3组和试验4组的终质量、平均日增质量、料重比和病死率与试验1组差异显著(P0.05);试验2组、试验3组和试验4组的鸡舍内的NH3含量与试验1组差异极显著(P0.01)。试验2组与试验3组和试验4组鸡舍内的NH3含量差异显著(P0.05);试验2组、试验3组和试验4组的鸡舍内的H2S含量与试验1组差异显著(P0.05)。在肉鸡日粮中添加丝兰提取物和酸化剂,能够提高肉鸡的生产性能,减少肉鸡的病死率;显著地降低鸡舍内NH3和H2S的质量浓度(P0.05),改善鸡舍内的空气状况,减少畜牧业对环境的污染。     

益生素对肉鸡生产性能及鸡舍空气质量的影响

选用21日龄AA肉仔鸡3 000羽,随机分成3组,每组5个重复,每个重复200只。第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2、3组为试验组,分别在基础日粮中添加0.1%、0.2%的益生素,以研究益生素对肉鸡生产性能及鸡舍空气质量的影响。结果:日粮中添加益生素的试验2组、3组的终重、耗料量、料重比与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);各组屠宰率差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验组鸡舍内的NH3含量明显低于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01);H2S含量与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);各组鸡舍内CO2的含量无明显差异。表明益生素能提高肉鸡的生长速度,降低料重比,但对肉鸡的屠宰率影响不明显,同时还可改善舍内空气质量,减少环境污染。     

丝兰提取物对肉鸡饲粮养分利用率及鸡舍有害气体浓度的影响

将3 200只健康的1日龄AA商品代肉鸡随机分成4个处理。在各组饲粮中分别添加不同水平的丝兰提取物,研究其对肉鸡饲粮养分利用率及鸡舍有害气体浓度的影响。结果表明:试验3、4组的终重、平均日增重、料重比与试验1组差异显著(P<0.05),试验3、4组的代谢能及粗蛋白利用率与试验1组差异显著(P<0.05),试验2、3、4组鸡舍内的NH3的含量与试验1组差异极显著(P<0.01),试验2、3、4组鸡舍内的H2S的含量与试验1组差异显著(P<0.05)。在肉鸡饲粮中添加不同水平的丝兰提取物,可以加快肉鸡的生长速度,提高肉鸡饲粮养分利用率,改善了鸡舍内的空气状况。     

规模化养鸡场粉尘的检测

鸡舍内粉尘浓度过高,会危害饲养员的健康和家禽的生产力,还会对周围环境造成污染。了解鸡舍内粉尘浓度空间变化情况,有助于进一步分析粉尘释放和变化规律,为开发更有效的除尘方法,试验测定了规模化养鸡场一年四季鸡舍门口和鸡舍中央的粉尘含量。结果表明,鸡舍中央位点全尘春季与冬季、秋季与冬季差异显著(P<0.05),夏季与冬季差异极显著(P<0.01);呼吸性粉尘PM10夏季与秋季差异显著(P<0.05),春季与冬季、秋季与冬季差异极显著(P<0.01);四季呼吸性粉尘PM10鸡舍中央位点与鸡舍门口差异不显著(P>0.05);全尘TSP鸡舍中央位点与鸡舍门口差异也不显著(P>0.05)。     

通风方式对蛋鸡舍空气环境的影响

为研究自然通风和机械通风两种方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境的影响,试验选择2栋相同类型的蛋鸡舍,分别采用自然通风和机械通风方式,测定鸡舍内空气环境指标。结果表明:自然通风鸡舍内的风速显著低于机械通风的鸡舍(P0.05),CO2浓度显著高于机械通风的鸡舍(P0.05);自然通风鸡舍内的温度、相对湿度、NH3浓度高于机械通风鸡舍,但差异均不显著(P0.05);自然通风鸡舍各指标每天的变化幅度均大于机械通风鸡舍,自然通风鸡舍内空气环境不稳定。说明机械通风能够较好地改善空气环境,自然通风鸡舍在外界风速较低时有必要开启风机实行机械通风。     

不同饲养密度对肉鸡舍内有害气体、粉尘和微生物的影响

试验旨在探讨饲养密度对黄羽肉鸡舍内有害气体、粉尘及微生物的影响.选用1 440只21日龄苏禽黄鸡(公雏),随机分成3个饲养密度组,即8只/m2组(低密度组,LSD)、16只/m2组(中密度组,MSD)、24只/m2组(高密度组,HSD),每组3个重复,共9间鸡舍,每间饲养面积均为10 m2.试验期为21 d.结果表明:HSD组42日龄肉鸡鸡舍内二氧化碳、氨气含量显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05);LSD组28日龄肉鸡鸡舍内粉尘含显著低于其他两组(P＜0.05);LSD组28、35、42日龄肉鸡鸡舍内空气中大肠杆菌的含量显著高于其他两组(P＜0.05),且LSD组42日龄肉鸡鸡舍垫料中大肠杆菌含量显著高于HSD (P＜0.05).由此可知,夏季适当降低饲养密度可以改善平养肉鸡舍中有害气体和粉尘状况,但对降低鸡舍中微生物含量效果不佳.     

不同益生素对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

选用36周龄的固始鸡4栋共4000只,以每栋1000只为一组,随机编号后分为对照组和试验组。对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验1组在基础日粮中添加0.05%868益生宝,试验2组在基础日粮中添加0.01%产酶益生素,试验3组添加优菌素1：200饮水。结果表明,与对照组相比,各组产蛋率差异均不显著（P〉0.05）,但试验1组、2组产蛋率降低较多;试验1、2、3组蛋合格率差异显著（P〈0.05）;对死淘率影响不显著（P〉0.05）;蛋壳质量及鸡舍内异味都有所改善。综合可知优菌素在一定程度上可提高鸡群产蛋合格率,降低死淘率,且在一定程度上可改善鸡舍的空气环境及鸡粪的含水量。     

塔额盆地生态环境对北京油鸡生产性能的影响

为了研究塔额盆地气候条件对北京油鸡生态养殖生产性能的影响,引进同批次的商品代北京油鸡经过脱温饲养6周龄后,分别利用牛舍（Y1组）和简易棚（Y2组）作为生态养殖的两种不同饲养方式进行生产性能指标的对比试验,以每组饲养量3000只分别转入YI和Y2鸡舍作为地面放养的试验鸡群,对鸡舍内、外部的气温、风速指标进行检测,测定鸡群生产性能及抗体水平.结果显示,Y1、Y2组与饲养标准经显著性比较,毛重、净膛体重、出肉率等指标均差异显著（P＜0.05）,试验组生产性能指标未达到饲养标准的水平,但Y1、Y2组差异显著（P＜0.05）,Y1组的生产性能指标优于Y2组,表明北京油鸡生态养殖与塔额盆地生态环境变化有很大的相关性.     

不同垫料对肉鸡舍内氨气浓度、肉鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为了探讨不同垫料对肉鸡舍内氨气浓度、肉鸡血液生化指标和生产性能的影响,本试验选1日龄817杂交肉鸡480只,平均分成中药渣组(1组)、洛东酵素组(2组)、EM菌组(3组)和对照组(4组),每组3个重复。第30天,检测舍内氨气浓度,第35天测定血浆氨浓度及血清葡萄糖、总蛋白、球蛋白和尿素氮浓度,每周测定生产性能。结果表明:1肉鸡舍内氨气浓度,1组显著低于3组和4组(P0.05),2、3组差异不显著(P0.05),4组显著高于1、2、3组(P0.05);21组血浆氨、血清葡萄糖和血清尿素氮的浓度显著低于其他各组(P0.05),血清总蛋白浓度显著高于3组和4组(P0.05),血清球蛋白浓度显著高于2、3、4组(P0.05);3采食量、体增重和出栏体重差异显著(P0.05),各组料重比差异不显著(P0.05)。本试验条件下,中药渣作为垫料对降低鸡舍氨气浓度具有很好的效果,有利于肉鸡生产潜能的发挥。     

日粮能量水平对皖南三黄鸡的生长和腹水综合征发生的影响

选取210只皖南三黄鸡,根据该系列商品代鸡的生产指标设计了低、中、高3种能量水平的日粮配方,能量值分别为12.81 MJ/kg、13.1 MJ/kg和13.38 MJ/kg,在常温下进行饲喂,每日称重,观察鸡群健康状况,试验持续6周。研究结果表明:高能量组生长性能都显著高于低、中能量组,尤其4周末和6周末时,高能量组平均体重显著高于其他2组。但是,高能量组腹水综合征的发病率和死亡率显著高于中、低能量水平组,分别为85.29%和6.90%。取腹水、肝脏、心脏等病料,显微镜检查未发现细菌,细菌培养呈阴性。有腹水症状鸡的红细胞压积(PCV)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)及心脏指数(AHI)等指标均显著增高。以上结果显示:在肉鸡生产过程中,应协调好生长和腹水综合征发生之间关系,从而有利于发展皖南三黄鸡生产和减少腹水综合征所造成的经济损失。     

Effects of supplementary iodine on the performance and egg traits of laying hens

1. This experiment was carried out to determine the effects of dietary iodine supplementation on the performance and egg traits of laying hens. A total of 600 SHSY type brown layers aged 21 weeks of age were chosen at random from a large flock. They were randomly distributed into 30 pens at 20 hens per pen. Each treatment comprised 6 replicates of 20 layers in groups of 5 birds. The diets were supplemented with 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 mg/kg iodine as calcium iodate. The experimental period lasted 30 weeks. 2. There were no significant differences among the groups in body weight, food consumption, egg production, food consumption per kg eggs, eggshell index, eggshell breaking strength, shell thickness or egg yolk index. 3. Supplementation of the diet with 12 mg/kg iodine increased food consumption per dozen eggs compared to the groups fed on diets supplemented with 0 and 6 mg/kg iodine. 4. Egg weight was less in groups fed on diets supplemented with 12 and 24 mg/kg iodine than in the group receiving no iodine supplementation. 5. Iodine supplementation to provide 12 and 24 mg/kg reduced egg albumen index and egg Haugh units. 6. There were no significant differences among the groups in egg cholesterol and egg yolk cholesterol contents. 7. The iodine concentrations in egg yolk, egg albumen and whole egg increased with increased iodine supplementation. 8. As a result, the 3 and 6 mg/kg iodine supplementation of diet could be used to enrich the eggs with iodine without any adverse effect on performance and egg traits.     

长期饲喂亚麻籽对蛋鸡生产性能及消化代谢的影响

为研究长期饲喂亚麻籽对蛋鸡生产性能和表观消化代谢的影响,试验选用48只体重相近的55周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分成4组,每组12只,即试验1、2、3和4组分别在基础日粮中添加0、6%、12%和18%亚麻籽,饲喂10周。结果表明,试验2、3组对蛋鸡增重无影响(P>0.05),试验4组蛋鸡体重显著下降(P<0.05);各试验组排泄物的水分含量无显著变化(P>0.05);试验2组可提高产蛋性能,试验3组可改善部分产蛋性能,但试验4组能降低产蛋性能。对于营养物质的消化代谢,试验2组不影响日粮表观代谢能和营养物质表观代谢率,试验3组显著降低能量表观代谢率和磷表观代谢率(P<0.05),试验4组降低能量及多项营养物质表观代谢率。提示,日粮中添加6%亚麻籽可用于长期饲喂蛋鸡。     

豁眼鹅种鹅产蛋曲线数学模型分析研究

为探究豁眼鹅在辽宁地区群体饲养环境下的产蛋规律,本试验测定了3 000只豁眼鹅种鹅全期产蛋性能,分别采用伍德模型（Wood model）、分室模型（McMillan model）和杨宁模型拟合其产蛋率曲线,根据R值和赤池信息准则（AIC）选择最优模型。结果显示,曲线拟合模型F检验均差异显著,可用于豁眼鹅种鹅产蛋率拟合;产蛋率拟合杨宁模型R最高（R =0.874）,分室模型次之（R =0.855）,伍德模型拟合度最低（R=0.424）,且 AIC指数依次为杨宁模型<分室模型<伍德模型。本试验中豁眼鹅群体开产较实际晚,40%以上产蛋率高峰持续时间较短。综上,杨宁模型适用于豁眼鹅种鹅产蛋率拟合,可评估和预测其产蛋规律,生产过程中要根据模型和产蛋曲线特征科学合理地进行饲养管理,以达到生产效益最优化。     

Effect of heterosis on performance of mice across three environments

Performance of six genetic groups of mice was studied in three different environments in order to determine the effect of heterosis on consistency of performance in varied environments. Designed as a 3 x 6 factorial, data were analyzed using least squares analyses of variance. Genetic group effects, environmental effects, genetic group x environment interaction, and heterosis were examined for 42-d weight, age and weight at vaginal opening, age and weight at puberty, ovulation rate (determined by total corpora lutea), number of implantations, and number of fetuses at 10 d of gestation. Weight at vaginal opening, ovulation rate, implantation rate and total number of fetuses exhibited significant heterosis. Regression of these traits against an environmental index (mean performance of all genetic groups over environments) provided an estimate of stability of performance. In general, genetic groups exhibiting heterosis expressed more consistent performance across environments than pure lines did. We conclude that a stability model could be used to aid in identification of lines with consistent performance for production traits in variable environments.     

补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究放牧补饲不同蛋白水平日粮对北川白山羊生产性能和屠宰性能的影响。选择60只(6月龄)北川白山羊作为研究对象,随机分成4组,即14%蛋白组、16%蛋白组、18%蛋白组和对照组(不补饲),每组15只,测定生产性能、血液生化指标和屠宰性能。结果显示:补饲组北川白山羊平均日增重、血清总胆固醇、尿素氮含量、葡萄糖含量、谷草转氨酶活性、宰前活重、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积以及羊肉粗蛋白含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。随着补饲蛋白水平的增加,血清尿素氮含量呈线性增加(P<0.05),而羊肉水分含量呈线性减少(P<0.05);平均日增重、血清总胆固醇含量、血清葡萄糖含量和羊肉粗蛋白呈二次曲线变化(P<0.05)。结果表明:补饲不同蛋白水平日粮可以提高血清中血糖、尿素氮、总胆固醇浓度和谷草转氨酶活性,可以在一定程度上改善和提高北川白山羊的生产性能、屠宰性能及肉品质等,北川白山羊的补饲料适宜蛋白水平为16%。     

Effect of higher levels of dietary selenium on production performance and immune responses in growing Japanese quail

1. The effect of increasing dietary selenium (Se) on production performance and immune responses in growing (0 to 6 weeks) Japanese quail was investigated. 2. One-day-old chicks (240) were randomly selected and divided into 12 groups with 20 chicks in each group (3 dietary treatments x 4 replicates). The basal diet contained 0.2 mg Se/kg and the two experimental diets were supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg Se/kg. 3. Body weight gain, food intake and food conversion ratio and mortality were not affected by Se supplementation. 4. On d 28, antibody responses to inoculated sheep red blood cells were determined. Antibody titres were significantly higher after feeding the two Se-supplemented diets. 5. During week 4, the response to intradermally injected phytohaemagglutinin, an index of the in vivo cell-mediated immune response, was shown to be increased in the groups fed on the Se-supplemented diets. 6. After 6 weeks, the relative weights of the bursa of Fabricius and thymus were greater in the chicks given the Se-supplemented diets but there was no effect on the relative weight of spleen and liver. 7. It is concluded that supplementing the diet with Se has a beneficial effect on immune responses but does not affect production performance in growing Japanese quail.     

Effects of high-level dietary B-vitamins on performance, body composition and tissue vitamin contents of growing/finishing pigs

Forty-eight growing pigs were randomly assigned to five dietary groups and penned individually. They received a diet based on barley, wheat, corn and soya bean meal according to requirement. The experimental groups were supplemented with 400% or 800% of vitamins B(2), B(6) and pantothenic acid, or 400% or 800% of biotin, while all other vitamins were administered according to requirement. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and content of vitamins in blood, liver and muscles were recorded. Growth performance showed no influence of supplementation, while backfat thickness in the group with 800% B(2)/B(6)/pantothenic acid was significantly higher. Content of B(2) in blood, liver and muscle was similar in all groups. Content of B(6) in blood and liver showed significant differences according to supplementation. The content of vitamin B(6) in muscle in the experimental groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. The content of pantothenic acid in blood and muscle in the experimental groups was significantly higher, while in liver all groups were significantly influenced by the supplementation level. Biotin content in liver showed no influence, but the content in plasma was significantly higher in the experimental groups and the content in muscle was significantly higher according to supplementation. The activity of AST showed no significant influence of the dietary vitamin level, but it was obviously decreased in the groups supplemented with biotin. The findings indicate that the dietary supplementation of vitamin B(2), B(6), pantothenic acid and biotin could not improve performance, but the contents in blood, liver and muscle.     

奶牛对蛋氨酸锌的表观吸收率

本试验用粪分析法对蛋氨酸锌饲喂奶牛的表现吸收率进行了测试。试验分３组，每组同质奶牛４头，３组分别在饲料中按日粮加入６ｍｇ／ｋｇ、２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、６０ｍｇ／ｋｇ锌含量的蛋氨酸锌。试验结果，３组奶牛的表观吸收率依次为８５．０２％、７３．２９％、６４．６６％。结果表明奶中锌不能和蛋氨酸锌的添加量成比例地增长，饲料中锌的食入量较低，奶中锌的表观吸收率较高。饲料中蛋氨酸锌的添加量以２０ｍｇ／ｋｇ左右为宜。这项研究结果为奶牛饲喂蛋氨酸锌制取高锌奶提供了依据。     

纳豆芽胞杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和免疫功能的影响

为评价纳豆芽胞杆菌对黄羽肉鸡生产性能及免疫功能的影响,将270只1日龄雏鸡随机分为6组,分别在日粮中添加不同剂量的纳豆芽胞杆菌,检测其对试验鸡增重、免疫器官指数和新城疫疫苗免疫后的抗体水平的影响.结果显示:添加不同剂量的纳豆芽胞杆菌对试验鸡增重具有不同程度的促进作用,尤以106 cfu/g、107 cfu/g 2个浓度组效果显著,28日龄试验组鸡平均体重分别比对照组提高7.54%和9.37%,并可以显著提高胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊器官指数,且显著提高试验雏鸡血清新城疫HI抗体应答,到35日龄试验结束时仍持续高于对照组.表明在饲料中添加106 cfu/g、107 cfu/g的纳豆芽胞杆菌能显著改善肉鸡生产性能,增强免疫反应.