Real-time RT-qPCR assay to detect sequences in the Piscine orthoreovirus-1 genome segment S1 associated with heart and skeletal muscle inflammation in Atlantic salmon

During the last decade, Piscine orthoreovirus was identified as the main causative agent of heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI) in Atlantic Salmon, Norway. A recent study showed that PRV-1 sequences from salmonid collected in North Atlantic Pacific Coast (NAPC) grouped separately from the Norwegian sequences found in Atlantic Salmon diagnosed with HSMI. Currently, the routine assay used to screen for PRV-1 in NAPC water and worldwide cannot differentiate between the two groups of PRV-1. Therefore, this study aimed at developing a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assay to target the PRV-1 genome segments specific for variants associated with HSMI. The assay was optimized and tested against 71 tissue samples collected from different regions including Norway, Chile and both coast of Canada and different hosts farmed Atlantic Salmon, wild Coho Salmon and escaped Atlantic Salmon collected in British Columbia, West Coast of Canada. This assay has the potential to be used for screening salmonids and non-salmonids that may carry PRV-1 potentially causing HSMI.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒疫苗的研发与应用

正随着水产养殖产业的不断扩大,我国已成为世界上最大的水产品生产消费和进出口国家。2000年至2013年,水产养殖产量以每年5%~6%稳步增长,在2013年,中国水产养殖产量达4.542×10~7t,占全球水产养殖总产量的60%以上~[1]。根据世界粮农组织数据显示,2015年我国水产养殖总量达7.430×107 t。这些数据表明我国水产养殖业不仅保障了中国水产品的市场供应,也对世界水产品供     

禽呼肠病毒感染鸡胚成纤维细胞后Toll样受体mRNA转录水平的动态变化

为分析禽呼肠病毒(ARV)标准毒株S1133株感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)后对相关鸡Toll样受体(ChTLRs)mRNA转录水平的影响作用,利用实时荧光定量PCR,测定和分析ARV-S1133感染CEF后ARV结构蛋白σC和ChTLRs的mRNA转录水平变化情况。结果表明,ARV-S1133感染CEF 10h后,ARVσC蛋白的mRNA相对表达量开始迅速上升,在48h达到峰值;同时,感染CEF中的ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15和ChTLR21mRNA表达量发生显著变化,在感染72h内各个受体的mRNA表达量呈波浪式变化。5个不同滴度的ARV感染CEF 24 h后,ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21mRNA转录水平与病毒滴度均呈正线性相关。上述结果表明,ARV感染后可诱导CEF ChTLR3、ChTLR5、ChTLR7、ChTLR15、ChTLR21的mRNA转录水平发生变化,可能与禽呼肠病毒的复制和致病机制相关。     

禽呼肠孤病毒RT—LAMP快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的禽呼肠孤病毒（Aviem reovirus,ARV）S1基因序列设计了特异对应靶序列中的6个基因区段的4条引物,以此建立了一种快速、准确的ARV逆转录环介导等温扩增（RT—LAMP）检测方法,并对此方法的反应条件进行了优化。结果表明,该方法能够特异地扩增ARV,而对其他常见的禽类病毒均无扩增作用,特异性强、重复性好;检测ARV的灵敏度为4ELD50,是RT-PCR方法的10倍;在反应产物中添加SYBR GREEN Ⅰ染料后,可通过肉眼观察有无荧光直接判定结果。     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒衣壳蛋白VP7基因真核表达载体pCI-VP7的构建及鉴定

将编码草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)主要衣壳蛋白VP70.9kb的基因片段连接至克隆载体pMD19-T中,筛选阳性克隆并测序,经检测为正确序列后,再将目的片段克隆入真核表达载体pCI,筛选得到阳性重组质粒pCI-VP7。然后构建pCI-VP-GFP重组表达质粒(即GFP基因与VP7的一段上游基因融合表达),用PCR及酶切方法鉴定克隆的正确性。并用脂质体法将其转染入真核细胞COS-1和CIK进行瞬时表达,荧光显微镜观察及RT-PCR特异性检测。结果表明,GFP基因与VP7的一段上游基因被成功转染到COS-1和CIK细胞,并得到了很好的表达。进而证明pCI-VP7可以成功的表达,为GCRV基因疫苗的研制提供了实验资料。     

新型鸭呼肠孤病毒在DF-1细胞系中的增殖特性

为了研究新型鸭呼肠孤病毒(new-type duck reovirus,NDRV)在鸡胚成纤维细胞DF-1中的增殖特性,将NDRV JDM10毒株接种到DF-1细胞,连续传代后,通过观察病毒对细胞的致病变效应,测定半数组织感染量(TCID₅₀)、RT-PCR检测、间接免疫荧光(IFA)及Western-blot免疫学检测,探索NDRV对DF-1细胞的作用效果。结果表明,NDRV JDM10毒株在DF-1细胞中能有效增殖,产生明显的致病变效应;RT-PCR检测成功扩增出1条大小为1 001 bp的条带;病毒蛋白在细胞中获得了良好的表达,并与抗NDRV σC单克隆抗体发生特异性反应;NDRV JDM10毒株在感染DF-1细胞后会经历潜伏期、快速增长期、稳定期3个时期,并在72 h病毒效价达到峰值,TCID₅₀为1×10^-7.90·(0.1mL)^-1。本研究为进一步研究NDRV的致病机理和研制细胞疫苗奠定了基础。     

Piscine reovirus in wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia,Canada: 1974–2013

Piscine reovirus (PRV) was common among wild and farmed salmonids in British Columbia, western Canada, from 1987 to 2013. Salmonid tissues tested for PRV by real‐time rRT‐PCR included sections from archived paraffin blocks from 1974 to 2008 (n = 363) and fresh‐frozen hearts from 2013 (n = 916). The earliest PRV‐positive sample was from a wild‐source steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), from 1977. By histopathology (n = 404), no fish had lesions diagnostic for heart and skeletal muscle inflammation (HSMI). In some groups, lymphohistiocytic endocarditis affected a greater proportion of fish with PRV than fish without PRV, but the range of Ct values among affected fish was within the range of Ct values among unaffected fish. Also, fish with the lowest PRV Ct values (18.4–21.7) lacked endocarditis or any other consistent lesion. From 1987 to 1994, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (44% of 48), and wild‐source salmonids (31% of 45). In 2013, the proportion of PRV positives was not significantly different between wild coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), sampled from British Columbia (5.0% of 60) or the reference region, Alaska, USA (10% of 58).     

Development and application of molecular methods (PCR) for detection of Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus

Molecular (PCR) diagnostic tests for the detection and identification of aquareovirus in general, and Tasmanian Atlantic salmon reovirus (TSRV) specifically, were developed, and their diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were determined and compared with virus isolation in cell culture. Intralaboratory and interlaboratory comparison of PCR (conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR & RT‐qPCR) and virus isolation in cell culture using finfish cell lines, CHSE‐214 and EPC, was carried out for the detection and identification of TSRV using field samples of farmed Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, L. from various aquaculture sites around Tasmania. The interlaboratory comparison of diagnostic methods was carried out between two laboratories, AAHL‐CSIRO and DPIPWE‐Tasmania. A total of 144 fish from nine sites (12–33 fish per site) were sampled from two regions of Tasmania (Tamar River estuary in the north and Huon River estuary in the south‐east) during late spring to early summer of 2009, and the data were analysed using different statistical approaches. The prevalence of TSRV ranged from 6% to 22% in both regions. All the diagnostic methods (data from both laboratories) had high specificity, while the estimated sensitivity varied between tests with RT‐qPCR being the most sensitive (95.2%) method followed by virus isolation and then conventional hemi‐nested RT‐PCR.     

草鱼呼肠孤病毒VP6蛋白在毕赤酵母中表达的初步研究

根据GeneBank中草鱼呼肠孤病毒(grass carp reovirus,GCRV)104株VP6蛋白的全基因序列(HM234682)设计一对特异引物,以提取的GCRV-104核酸为模板,采用RT-PCR技术扩增VP6蛋白编码基因,并将其克隆到含强启动子AOXⅠ的毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPICZB上。重组酵母质粒pPICZB-VP6经SacⅠ线性化,电击转化到毕赤酵母KM71菌株中,Zeocin抗性平板上筛选高拷贝转化子。阳性转化子在30℃,0.5%(V/V)的甲醇添加量的条件下,连续诱导3 d,表达产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-Blotting检测,结果表明成功实现了GCRV-104 VP6蛋白在毕赤酵母中的胞内表达,重组VP6蛋白相对分子质量约46 000,与天然VP6蛋白相对分子质量接近,并且可与鼠抗草鱼GCRV-104 VP6蛋白的多克隆抗体特异性结合。