高效液相色谱法测定埃普利诺菌素注射液的含量

本文描述了用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定埃普利诺菌素注射液含量的方法研究。色谱条件:流动相为甲醇∶水(90∶10),流速1.0mL/min,进样量50μL,柱温为室温,检测波长245nm。样品回收率为(98.72±0.28)%。在5～200μg/mL浓度范围内,检测样品的中间精密度:批内变异系数为0.54%～0.80%,批间变异系数为0.28%～1.06%。本方法可用于埃普利诺菌素注射液的含量检测。     

Field studies investigating anthelmintic resistance in young cattle on five farms in New Zealand

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of pour-on anthelmintics against field strains of parasitic nematodes in young cattle on five farms in New Zealand.

METHODS: Faecal nematode egg count (FEC) reduction (FECR) tests were carried out on five calf-rearing farms using pour-on formulations of levamisole, ivermectin, eprinomectin, and the simultaneous administration of levamisole and ivermec- tin. Faecal samples were collected per rectum before treatment and about 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after treatment, for FEC and faecal nematode larval culture.

RESULTS: Resistance (i.e. <95% reduction in FEC) of Cooperia oncophora to ivermectin and eprinomectin was identified on all five farms. There was limited evidence of possible emerging resistance in Ostertagia spp to ivermectin but not eprinomectin, in short-tailed larvae of Cooperia spp to ivermectin and eprinomec- tin, and in Trichostrongylus spp to ivermectin, eprinomectin and levamisole used separately. Levamisole was effective against C. oncophora, but had variable efficacy against Ostertagia spp in the calves in this study. Simultaneous treatment with levamisole and ivermectin pour-on formulations were effective against all genera on all farms.

CONCLUSIONS: To effectively manage roundworm parasites in their calves farmers need to be aware of the resistance status of the parasites on their farms. Levamisole is likely to be an effective anthelmintic on most farms at times of the year when the impact of Ostertagia spp is not high. Simultaneous administration of levamisole and ivermectin pour-on anthelmintics to cattle is likely to control both ML-resistant C. oncophora and stages of Ostertagia spp that are not controlled by levamisole alone.     

乙酰氨基阿维菌素缓释注射剂中乙酰氨基阿维菌素含量与有关物质HPLC检测方法的建立

试验旨在建立一种高效液相色谱检测方法,同时测定乙酰氨基阿维菌素(EPR)缓释注射剂的主成分与有关物质,采用外标法计算主成分的含量,采用自身对照法计算有关物质的含量。色谱柱为Phenomenex Luna 5 μ-C8-100A 250 mm×4.60 mm,5 μm;色谱条件为:流动相为乙腈-0.1%高氯酸水溶液,梯度洗脱,流速为1.5 mL/min,检测波长为245 nm,柱温为35 ℃,进样量为20 μL。结果表明,EPR缓释注射剂主成分与杂质分离度良好,B1a与B1b之间分离度>3;在EPR浓度为1.5625~1 000 μg/mL的范围内线性关系良好;EPR的检测限与定量限分别为0.01和0.34 μg/mL,3种精密度的相对标准偏差(RSD)均<2%,稳定性的RSD为0.28%,加样回收率为102.54%,且RSD为3.14%(n=9)。耐用性试验表明,EPR缓释注射剂主成分的分离度均>1.5,理论塔板数>4 500,表明该检测条件的耐用性良好。3批样品中,EPR缓释注射剂含量的平均值为102.60%,B1b占B1a与B1b之和的1.68%,总杂质的平均含量为2.57%。建立的EPR缓释注射剂中主成分含量与有关物质的测定方法具有简便、专属性强、灵敏度高、结果准确等特点,可用于EPR缓释注射剂的质量控制。     

Pharmacokinetics of Eprinomectin in Plasma and Milk following Subcutaneous Administration to Lactating Dairy Cattle

Eprinomectin is only available as a topically applied anthelmintic for dairy cattle. To determine whether eprinomectin can be applied as an injectable formulation in dairy cattle, a novel injectable formulation was developed and was subcutaneously delivered to four lactating dairy cattle at a dose rate of 0.2 mg/ kg. Plasma and milk samples were collected. The concentrations of eprinomectin in all samples were determined by HPLC. The peak plasma concentration (C_max)of 44.0±24.2 ng/ml occurred 39±19.3 h after subcutaneous administration, equivalent to the C_max (43.76±18.23 ng/ml) previously reported for dairy cattle after a pour-on administration of 0.5 mg/kg eprinomectin. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) after subcutaneous administration was 7354±1861 (ng h)/ml, higher than that obtained after pour-on delivery (5737.68±412.80 (ng h)/ml). The mean residence time (MRT) of the drug in plasma was 211±55.2 h. Eprinomectin was detected in the milk at the second sampling time. The concentration of drug in milk was parallel to that in plasma, with a milk to plasma ratio of 0.16±0.01. The highest detected concentration of eprinomectin in milk was 9.0 ng/ml, below the maximum residue limit (MRL) of eprinomectin in milk established by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives in 2000. The amount of eprinomectin recovered in the milk during this trial was 0.39%±0.08% of the total administered dose. This study demonstrates that subcutaneous administration of eprinomectin led to higher bioavailability and a lower dose than a pour-on application, and that an injectable formulation of eprinomectin may be applied in dairy cattle with a zero withdrawal period.     

Some Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Eprinomectin in Goats following Pour-on Administration

Some pharmacokinetic parameters of eprinomectin were determined in goats following topical application at a dose rate of 0.5 mg/kg. The plasma concentration versus time data for the drug were analysed using a one-compartment model. The maximum plasma concentration of 5.60±1.01 ng/ml occurred 2.55 days after administration. The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) was 72.31±11.15 ng day/ml and the mean residence time (MRT) was 9.42±0.43 days. Thus, the systemic availability of eprinomectin to goats was significantly lower than that for cows. The low concentration of eprinomectin in the plasma of goats suggests that the pour-on dose of 0.5 mg/kg would be less effective in this species than in cows. Further relevant information about the optimal dosage and residues in the milk of dairy goats is needed before eprinomectin should be used in this species.     

国产表阿佛菌素驱除山羊胃肠道线虫的临床试验

对145只自然感染胃肠线虫的山羊进行了国产表阿佛菌素驱除胃肠线虫的临床疗效试验.单次给药治疗21 d后,其0.1、0.2、0.4 mg/kg组的精计驱虫率均为100%,驱净率分别为100%、100%和90%～100%,粗计驱虫率分别为100%、100%和99.4%～100%,均显著优于阳性对照组(0.15%、0和0)和对照药物盐酸左旋咪唑组(38.4%、35%～85%和66.5%～85.9%)(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),表明表阿佛菌素具有明显的驱除胃肠线虫作用,其临床推荐剂量为0.2 mg/kg.     

乙酰氨基阿维菌素注射用缓释剂质量标准与药学等效研究

依据《中华人民共和国兽药典》与《兽药研究技术指导原则汇编》等相关指导要求,对乙酰氨基阿维菌素（EPR）注射用缓释剂进行外观、黏度、pH、水分、密度、内毒素、含量及有关物质检测,建立EPR注射用缓释剂的质量标准并比较与参比制剂的药学等效性。含量与有关物质检测方法为使用ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18柱（2.1 mm×50 mm,1.8 μm）;流动相：甲酸：水：乙腈（0.04 mL：40 mL：60 mL）;流速：0.4 mL/min;检测波长：245 nm;柱温：35 ℃;进样量：2 μL。在37 ℃,转速为50 r/min,0.5% SDS的PBS缓冲液条件下,比较自研与原研EPR注射用缓释剂的药学等效性。EPR注射用缓释剂外观澄清透明,平均相对黏度为46.45 mPa·s,平均pH为6.88,制剂中不含水分,密度为1.13 g/cm³,内毒素满足<0.1 EU/mL限度,含量>5%的标示值,有关物质的量<5%,检测结果均符合注射剂制剂要求;在同一条件下释放31 d后,自研与原研EPR注射用缓释剂累积释放量均超过80%,且自研与原研的相似因子（f2）值>50。自研EPR注射用缓释剂的检测结果均符合注射剂标准,自研与原研EPR注射用缓释剂具有药学等效。     

埃普利诺菌素注射剂对肉牛血虱的驱杀试验

血虱是一种肉牛常见的外寄生虫 ,严重危害着养牛业。文章进行了新型阿维菌素类药物 -埃普利诺菌素注射液对自然感染的肉牛血虱的驱杀试验。结果表明 ,埃普利诺菌素注射液以 0 .2 mg/ kg的剂量进行皮下注射安全有效 :能在 7d内能将牛血虱完全杀灭 ,并能在 42 d内有效防止再感染     

牛皮下注射爱普菌素注射剂后组织残留预测模型研究

【目的】本文研究是为了探讨动物活体样品(血液等)与组织(肌肉等)中药物残留量之间的关系,并建立相应的预测模型。【方法】牛颈部皮下一次性注射抗寄生虫药爱普菌素注射液(1%),注射剂量为0.5mg·kg-1体重,分别在给药后第1、第3、第7、第14、第21、第28、第42和第56天,各屠宰3头取样用高效液相色谱分析。【结果】采用SPSS统计学软件,以消除相血液中爱普菌素残留为自变量拟合的预测模型回归方程,R2均大于0.9,方程拟合度经F检验,P值均小于0.001;以消除相粪便中爱普菌素残留为自变量拟合的预测模型回归方程,R2均大于0.8,方程拟合度经F检验,P值均小于0.001,说明回归方程具有显著的统计学意义。【结论】牛皮下注射爱普菌素后,血液或粪便中爱普菌素残留与可食组织中的残留具有很强的相关性。     

高效液相色谱法测定乳品与饲料中阿维菌素类药物残留

建立乳品与饲料中阿维菌素类药物(埃普利诺菌素、阿维菌素、多拉菌素和伊维菌素)残留液相色谱的测定方法。乙腈为提取剂,tC18固相萃取小柱净化,三氟乙酸酐和N-甲基咪唑柱前衍生,C18柱分离,甲醇-乙腈的混合溶剂与水梯度洗脱,液相色谱仪荧光检测器检测,外标法定量。每1 000 g乳粉(或每1 000 mL液态乳)中阿维菌素添加量为1.5 μg时,回收率大于95％。本方法液态乳、酸乳、乳粉的定量限为2μg/kg,饲料的定量限为10 μg/kg。该方法具有结果准确、操作简便、重复性好等优点,可用于乳品和饲料中阿维菌素类药物残留的检测。