微生态制剂对葡萄抗病能力及果实品质的影响

以云南、四川主栽的4个葡萄品种为试材,在常规用药方式基础上辅以微生态制剂,测定其对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病防控效果及对果实品质的影响,以期为有效防控葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的发生,解决生产实践中的具体问题提供科学参考依据。结果表明:微生态制剂能提高葡萄果粒大小和百粒质量,同时增加糖酸比。在传统用药基础上使用绿康威,对葡萄酸腐病和黑曲霉病的防效最佳,分别达52.3%和42.4%;在传统用药基础上使用绿地康3号,其防效为31.3%和21.9%,均表现出良好的防效;前期使用化学药剂,后期单独使用微生态制剂对酸腐病的防效不太明显。     

葡萄贮藏保鲜技术研究进展

葡萄是我国五大水果之一,其贮藏保鲜对我国葡萄产业的发展至关重要。从葡萄采收期、贮藏温度、冷藏、冰温贮藏、辐照处理、保鲜剂应用、气调贮藏等几个方面对生产与研究中葡萄贮藏保鲜技术进行了比较与分析,总结出系统的葡萄贮藏保鲜技术及葡萄贮藏保鲜的研究现状与发展方向,为葡萄的贮藏保鲜研究与生产应用提供借鉴。     

基于模糊数学感官评价和混料设计的低度甜糯玉米酒原料配方优化

为了优化以鲜食甜糯玉米为主要原料制备甜糯玉米酒的原料配方。试验运用模糊数学原理,将甜糯玉米酒感官品质数学抽象量化,以量化后的感官品质为指标,通过混料试验设计,建立原料配方与感官品质之间的回归模型。结果表明:该模型的拟合程度好(R=0.984 4,P0.001),可用于预测和分析甜糯玉米酒的感官品质。经模型优化可得,感官品质评价为"好"的甜糯玉米酒原料配方为鲜食糯玉米(66%)、鲜食甜玉米(17%)和糯米(17%)。本研究酿造的甜糯玉米酒的酒精度仅为4.75%,远低于一般低度酒,符合现代人的饮酒需求。     

茶和天下语境下历史典故的重温与传播——以“以茶代酒”为例

中华茶文化历史源远流长,文化内容博大精深,是中国文化乃至世界文化重要的组成部分。然而,历史茶文化尤其是历史典故,大多需要重新解读,只有将历史与现实结合起来,有针对性且有说服力地赋予新的时代内涵,才能扩大其在世界范围的价值认同。基于此,本文以“以茶代酒”为例,将其置于茶和天下的语境下,在重温这一历史典故的基础上,从增加中华茶文化魅力,促进历史茶文化的传播的角度出发,分析探讨了以茶代酒的当代价值或中华茶文化核心价值的当代体现,并根据全球化与茶文化传播的需要,从增强自信性、构建“同型性”、抢占先机性、设计备选性等方面,提出了如何通过以茶代酒,推动中华茶文化核心价值实现的相关策略。     

葡萄汁奶酒发酵工艺研究

本文以牛奶和葡萄为原料,通过单因素和正交试验优化了葡萄汁奶酒的发酵工艺。结果表明,影响葡萄汁奶酒感官评分因素的强弱顺序依次为发酵温度>接种量>发酵时间>蔗糖添加量>葡萄汁添加量,通过计算发现最佳组合为发酵温度25℃,发酵时间5d,接种量1.00%∶0.50%∶1.50%,蔗糖添加量8%,葡萄汁添加量11%。该组合酿制的葡萄汁奶酒感官评分最高,为92分。经测得,葡萄汁奶酒在最佳发酵工艺条件下的总糖为9.5g/L、酒精体积分数为6.8%,总酸质量浓度为7.2g/L,氨基酸态氮质量浓度为0.21g/L。该葡萄汁奶酒中的天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著高于奶酒和牛奶中的含量(P<0.05)。     

Effects of the severity and timing of basal leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines

The effects of the severity and timing of leaf removal(LR) on the amino acids of Sauvignon Blanc grapes and wines were studied during the 2017 growing season. High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) was used to analyze the amino acids profiles of grape berries and wines. The basal leaves were removed at three time points(40, 56 and 72 days after flowering, named LR40, LR56 and LR72, respectively) at two severity levels(one at which the first, third, and fifth basal leaves of each shoot were removed(50% level); and another at which the first six basal leaves were removed(100% level)). The results showed that leaf removal had little impact on total soluble solids(°Brix), titratable acidity, pH or berry weight. The LR72-50% treated grapes had higher berry weight, titratable acidity and °Brix than those of the other treatments. The highest concentrations of total amino acids and of total amino acids except proline were detected in LR72-50% treated grapes(2 952.58 and 2 764.36 mg L~(-1), respectively); the lowest were detected in LR72-100% treated grapes(2 172.82 and 2 038.71 mg L~(-1), respectively). LR72-50% treatment significantly promoted the synthesis of aspartic acid, serine, arginine, alanine, aminobutyric acid and proline at both severity levels for grapes, the concentrations of all of these amino acids were increased relative to the control concentrations. The LR72-50%, LR40-100% and LR72-100% treated wines had higher total amino acids concentrations and higher concentrations of some individual amino acids, such as arginine, alanine and serine, than did the control wines. Of all the amino acids studied, glycine, tyrosine, cysteine, methionine and lysine were not significantly influenced by the timing or severity basal defoliation in grapes and wines. The present study reveals the effects of the timing and severity of leaf removal on the amino acids profiles of grapes and wines.     

绍兴黄酒陶坛氧传递速率研究

传统绍兴黄酒贮存于陶坛,因陶坛透气,进入陶坛的氧气可促进黄酒成熟,并影响黄酒的颜色、风味和稳定性。为研究黄酒贮存过程中陶坛的氧传递速率,以Fe~(2+)溶液为还原剂,绍兴黄酒密封于陶坛贮存30d后,进入陶坛的O_2会将Fe~(2+)氧化为Fe~(3+),采用硫氰酸钾比色法测定Fe~(3+)质量浓度,可估算出贮存期进入陶坛的氧气量及氧传递速率。结果表明,传统陶坛的日均氧传递速率(OTR)为0.106mg/L,为设计带有微氧化装置的黄酒专用大型不锈钢贮酒罐提供理论依据。     

杨凌地区四个欧美鲜食葡萄品种综合性状比较

在陕西杨凌地区对"信农乐"、"巨玫瑰"、"户太八号"和"巨峰"4个欧美鲜食葡萄品种进行了为期1a的综合性状调查研究。所有品种均露地栽培并采用果实套袋技术,调查其物候期、果实经济性状以及抗病性等。结果表明:4个品种的综合性状在杨凌地区表现优良,细节方面存在一定的差异,其中"巨峰"和"户太八号"表现最优,"信农乐"次之,"巨玫瑰"相对较差。     

蔬香糟汁的工艺研究

蔬香糟汁是在糟汁的基础上加入黄酒、蔬菜汁等原料经过调配而成的,其成品色泽深褐,香味浓郁,口味独特,适宜于大众口味。从蔬香糟汁的配方设计、各原料的比例、加工工艺流程和操作中需要特别注意的问题等诸多因素进行详细分析;重点研究了香糟卤的用量、黄酒的用量和蔬菜汁的用量对成品口味的影响,通过正交试验确定了最佳搭配比例。