Public awareness activities on Eichhornia crassipes in the Victoria Falls World Heritage Site,Livingstone, Zambia1

Invasive Alien Species (IAS) are a major threat to biodiversity and national economies worldwide. Public awareness and support is critical for the success of any interventions aimed at controlling and managing such invasions. Various communication tools have been identified for the implementation of public awareness programs. Assessment of public perceptions, attitudes and knowledge levels should be an integral part of any public awareness activities. This paper reports the communication actions undertaken in the Victoria Falls World Heritage Site by the Removing Barriers to Invasive Plant Management in Africa (RBIPMA) project during the year 2007. Several awareness meetings with various stakeholders were conducted during the year. A number of posters, leaflets, brochures and newsletters have been produced. Production of radio and television documentaries is currently ongoing. A pre‐knowledge survey was conducted to determine the baseline status as regards knowledge and awareness levels on IAS in the project area. A post‐knowledge survey will be conducted at a subsequent stage to assess the effectiveness of the project interventions on public awareness and knowledge levels. Recommendations for future action are also presented.     

铅胁迫对大叶黄杨铅积累量及叶片生理特性的影响

采用盆栽方法研究了大叶黄杨(Euonymusjaponicus)在单一铅胁迫下对各器官铅积累及叶片生理指标的影响.结果表明:随着土壤铅浓度的增高,大叶黄杨的生物量、叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b值逐渐下降;植物各器官铅积累量逐渐增加.铅在大叶黄杨体内分布的规律是:根>茎>叶;超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低浓度范围内呈现上升的趋势,表现出一定的适应能力;在高浓度处理水平时,3种酶活性呈现下降趋势,并都低于对照;叶片膜透性则表现出随胁迫强度的增加而上升.从生理指标反映出:在铅浓度300 mg/kg范围胁迫时,大叶黄杨具有较强的适应能力.     

活性氧(ROS)对小鼠早期胚胎胚细胞分裂的影响

在体外CZB培养的不同时期添加过氧化氢(2.1μmol/L),发育至囊胚阶段,制作胚胎标本,观察其囊胚发育率、胚细胞数和分裂相数。结果显示:0~12 h组和0~72 h组的胚胎发育率显著低于其他几组(P<0.05),对照组、12~24 h组、24~36 h组、36~48 h组之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);各组之间的胚细胞数和分裂指数均无显著差异。说明胚胎在体外培养时,2细胞期胚胎对外源性H2O2最敏感,也最容易发生发育阻滞。但是经H2O2处理之后,度过2细胞期发育阻滞的胚胎能在以后的发育中发生补偿性生长,其胚细胞数和分裂指数都和体外正常发育的胚胎没有差异。     

云南民族地区食用松毛虫的调查

在云南省民族地区经过深入广泛的调查,发现了一个鲜为人知的事实,即云南民间少数民族,如哈尼,傣,拉祜,佤族等具有悠久的食用松毛虫的历史。思茅地区共１０个县,至少８个县有人食用。其它地区有临沧,景洪,玉溪等。据调查研究,这一传统与历史上的饥荒有关。     

文山松毛虫蛹的营养成份分析及评价

文山松毛虫是云南局部地区危害较严重的松毛虫之一。从昆虫资源开发利用的角度探讨其蛹的营养价值。经测定，蛹蛋白质含量为６１２．６ｇ／ｋｇ含有１５种氨基酸（色氨酸未测）；脂肪含量为１９７．５ｇ／ｋｇ，其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达６１４．６ｇ／ｋｇ，Ｐ／Ｓ为１．６３４１６；必需脂肪酸２８４．０ｇ／ｋｇ，含有多种一素和丰富的矿物元素，具有极高的食用和利用价值；此外，几丁质含量为６４．９ｇ／ｋｇ，具有一定的开发潜     

‘紫娟’茶花色苷的类型、组成及其质量分数的季节性变化

为‘紫娟’茶(Camellia sinensis var.assamica)花色苷的提取、分离、纯化等后续研究、生产高花色苷质量分数‘紫娟’茶产品和‘紫娟’茶深加工产品的开发等提供基础数据支撑.利用花色苷的特征颜色反应、HPLC法和紫外-可见分光光度法,对‘紫娟’茶花色苷的类型、组成和不同季节‘紫娟’茶新梢花色苷的质量分数进行了测定分析.结果表明:‘紫娟’茶花色苷属于黄酮类色素;‘紫娟’茶中可能含有矢车菊色素、飞燕草色素、牵牛花色素等B-环有邻位酚羟基的花色苷,且可能具有4-羟基,在3-羟基上形成糖苷;推断‘紫娟’茶花色苷中有多个乙酰化基团;‘紫娟’茶花色苷的组分丰富,共检测到7个主要花色苷色谱峰;花色苷质量分数随季节变化的幅度较大,呈春季到夏季花色苷质量分数急剧上升,夏季至秋季又趋于缓慢减少的规律,花色苷的质量分数在6月初(5.8mg/g)最低,7月底(61.6mg/g)达到最高.     

Induction of inflammatory cytokines and toll-like receptors in chickens infected with avian H9N2 influenza virus

ABSTRACT: H9N2 influenza virus is endemic in many Asian countries and is regarded as a candidate for the next human pandemic. Knowledge of the induction of inflammatory responses and toll-like receptors (TLRs) in chickens infected with H9N2 is limited. Here, we show that H9N2 induces pro-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta 3; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interferon-alpha, -beta, and gamma; and TLR 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 15 in trachea, lung, and intestine of infected chickens. In the lung, TLR-15 was dominantly induced. Taken together, it seems that H9N2 infections efficiently induce inflammatory cytokines and TLRs in trachea, lung and intestine of chickens.     

Residue addition and liming history interactively enhance mineralization of native organic carbon in acid soils

Lime application is the most common method to improve crop production in acid soils and has been shown to change soil organic C content. However, the impact of liming history on the priming effect on soil organic C is not well understood. This study examined the effect of liming history on C priming in response to the addition of crop residues of different qualities. Soils with pH ranging from 4.7 to 7.4 were collected from two adjacent field experiments whereby lime was applied at different rates, 6 and 35 years ago. A 90-day incubation study was conducted by applying ¹³C-labelled wheat (C/N 42) and field-pea (C/N 29) residues at a rate of 5 g kg^?1 soil. Residue application to soils yielded the positive priming effect in all pH levels with the magnitude of C priming being the greatest at initial soil pH 6.6. In comparison, the optimal pH for residue decomposition (7.3) was higher than that for priming. The overall priming effect was about 17% greater with field-pea than wheat residue. However, cumulative decomposition of added field-pea residue was 15% lower than that of wheat residue. Furthermore, C priming was greater in soils from the 35-year-old than the 6-year-old limed plots, indicating that a longer history of liming did not enhance the protection of indigenous C from mineralization. The results suggest that increases in soil pH by liming enhanced native C priming through greater microbial biomass and activity and that the magnitude and dynamics of the priming effect largely depended on residue quality and its consequent nutrient supply to decomposer organisms. The study implies that over-liming would likely have negative impacts on the long-term C sequestration.