Physical simulation of fluid field and structure optimization in two-strand tundish

The influence of the structure and location of dam and weir on fluid flow state in a two-strand tundish is studied, and a set of optimal structure, combining with the average residence time calculated from RTD curve, is obtained. The result indicates that the fluid flow state can be changed and the path of the fluid flow can be prolonged as well as the average residence time is improved after using dam and weir. But there are some dead zones after fluid passed through the dam and weir. Combination scheme of No. one dam and weir is better than the others. Its average residence time is 299 s and the volume fraction of dead zone is 31.0%. After the optimization of flowing control parameters in tundish, the best case is that the distance between dam and weir is 290 mm and the distance between weir and the long nozzle is 383 mm. The longest average residence time is 351 s and the minimum volume fraction of dead zone is 19.0% under the above situation. Compared with that of no dam and weir, the average residence time increases by 65 s and the dead zone volume fraction decreases by 15.0%. Based on Newton formula, the calculated results show that the inclusions with diameter larger than 17.5 μm can float up within 351 s under this optimization situation.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗制备

【目的】制备鸭疫里默氏杆菌(Riemerella anatipestifer,RA)贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗。【方法】选取RA血清2型贵州流行株(RA-SS-8株)为基础菌株,依次利用分光光度法和平板计数法测定细菌生长曲线,再进行灭活条件筛选,以蜂胶为佐剂制备RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,并进行无菌检验、安全性检验及免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验。【结果】分光光度法测定RA-SS-8株菌液D_{600 nm}值随培养时间变化显示,细菌在0~3 h时增殖缓慢,在3~10 h时增殖趋势明显加快,在10 h以后增殖逐渐趋于平缓,随着培养时间的延长,细菌最终进入衰亡期;平板计数法结果显示,RA-SS-8株D_{600 nm}值为0.1~0.8时,该菌处于对数生长期,且D_{600 nm}值与活菌数呈现良好的线性关系;RA-SS-8株最佳灭活条件为0.2%甲醛溶液、37 ℃灭活12 h;蜂胶灭活疫苗含菌量为3.8×10⁹ CFU/mL,蜂胶干物质含量为10 mg/mL;无菌检验巧克力琼脂培养基上未见菌落生长;安全性检验以2倍免疫剂量接种雏鸭在观察期内未表现出不良反应,大体病变观察未见明显病变;免疫鸭攻毒保护性试验显示,蜂胶灭活疫苗免疫组鸭对RA-SS-8株的攻击后保护率为70%,蜂胶灭活疫苗对试验鸭心脏、肝脏组织均具有良好的保护效果。【结论】本研究成功制备了RA贵州流行株蜂胶灭活疫苗,为蜂胶灭活疫苗制备和动物免疫试验奠定基础。     

基于WebGIS构建森林资源信息发布系统

首先对森林资源信息发布系统的结构进行分析,并提出了利用ESRI公司的ArcIMS和MapObjectsJavaEdi tion进行二次开发,建立一个基于矢量数据的发布系统。系统采用了B/S结构,具有跨平台性及可扩充性。     

外源酶对大熊猫日粮营养物质消化率影响的研究

应用外源性复合酶制剂对移地保护大熊猫进行消化试验。结果表明 ,在日粮中添喂 0 15 %或 0 30 %的营养性复合酶或纤维素复合酶均能显著提高大熊猫对日粮各营养物质的消化率 ,其中 ,对日粮粗蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率 ,添喂 0 30 %的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果 ;对日粮粗脂肪的消化率 ,添喂 0 15 %水平的营养性复合酶的效果优于添喂 0 30 %水平的效果 ;大熊猫对日粮纤维素、半纤维素、NDF、ADF的消化率 ,添喂纤维素复合酶的效果极显著 ,而且 ,随添喂水平的提高 (0 15 %～ 0 30 % ) ,其日粮纤维素等物质的消化率亦随之显著提高 ;添喂营养性复合酶 ,纤维素等物质也获得了良好的助消化作用。     

随机森林在红松活立木腐朽分级中的应用

以五营森林公园中不同腐朽程度的红松为研究对象,选取无损、易获取指标(阻力损失及心材、边材异常面积比)为模型自变量,腐朽等级为因变量,利用无损检测并结合随机森林对活立木腐朽程度进行分级。使用重复分层K折交叉验证保证样本数据在训练和测试时分类均衡,并建立随机森林立木腐朽分级模型。结果表明：随机森林腐朽分级模型训练、测试精度分别为100%、90%,说明其拟合效果好、泛化能力强。随机森林对腐朽等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ)的辨识均正确,召回率都为100%,腐朽等级Ⅲ错判1例,对腐朽立木进行分级的准确率高达96.67%,随机森林的微观、宏观平均AUC值分别为0.979 2、0.970 8。     

静液压传动拖拉机定速巡航控制系统设计与试验

针对现有农机速度调节策略功率匹配度不高、燃油经济性差的问题,以静液压传动拖拉机为平台,基于CAN总线设计了拖拉机定速巡航控制系统。该系统由拖拉机工况采集、负载检测、油门控制、变量泵排量调节、作业负载调节、通信等模块组成。设计了油门调节机构和负载调节装置,获取并解析了拖拉机工况数据,建立了静液压传动拖拉机油门开度、变量泵排量与速度对应的数学模型,制定了发动机转速与变量泵排量协同控制策略。分别在水泥路面空载、田间空载和平地作业3种工况下进行了协同控制策略试验,在平地作业工况下进行了定油门控制策略、油门排量耦合控制策略和油门排量协同控制策略试验。结果表明,3种工况下,协同控制策略的速度控制绝对误差分别为0.005、0.007、0.012m/s;在达到相同目标速度的前提下油门排量协同控制策略降低了发动机转速。拖拉机定速巡航控制系统能够在保证速度控制精度的前提下,减小燃油消耗。     

基于分数阶微积分的汽车空气悬架半主动控制

为研究分数阶微积分在汽车空气悬架半主动控制中的应用效果,建立了4自由度半主动空气悬架非线性动力学模型。采用改进的Oustaloup滤波器算法来模拟分数阶微积分,进而建立分数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架的仿真模型,将仿真结果与被动悬架和整数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架进行对比分析。分析结果表明:当汽车以20 m/s的速度行驶在B级路面时,与被动悬架相比,整数阶和分数阶天棚阻尼半主动悬架的车身垂向加权加速度均方根值分别减小了31.9%和43.9%,车身俯仰角加速度均方根值分别减小了23.1%和30.7%;基于分数阶微积分的天棚阻尼控制策略能更有效地抑制车身共振,改善乘坐舒适性。     

阳台栏板三议

本文针对栏板的高度安全性、档光问题进行了分析,提出了设计阳台栏板所考虑的影响因素及解决方法。     

矿粉粒度及反应温度对高磷鲕状赤铁矿制备碳化铁的影响

基于对50根弯曲破坏钢筋混凝土圆柱低周反复试验结果的分析,建立了完整滞回环的数学表达式并推导得出等效阻尼比计算模型;以双柱墩桥梁为例,说明了建立桥梁整体结构等效阻尼比与墩柱端部塑性铰等效阻尼比关系的方法。研究表明,完整滞回环数学表达式较好地反映了弯曲破坏钢筋混凝土圆柱的滞回特性,得到的等效阻尼比模型计算结果与试验结果符合较好;采用建立的桥梁整体结构等效阻尼比与墩柱端部塑性铰等效阻尼比的关系进行pushover分析更能反映实际情况。采用等效阻尼比模型算得的目标位移与基于Rosenblueth模型和Kowalsky模型算得的位移之间存在较大差距。     

Surface mulching and a sandy soil interlayer suppress upward enrichment of salt ions in salt-contaminated field

Purpose

The suppression effect of a sandy soil interlayer on topsoil enrichment of salt ions was investigated. However, whether this suppression effect was enhanced by surface mulching was little documented. The objectives of this study were to compare the suppression effects under different materials mulching, and to investigate an innovative method to suppress the soil salt ions down-to-top enrichment.

Materials and methods

In this study, the sandy soil layer was pre-positioned at 60–100 cm depth in a salt-contaminated site in advance, achieving the suppression effect on surface enrichment of salt components as expected. Three treatments were herein designed as bare field (CK), plastic film mulching (PM), and maize straw mulching (SM) to examine the dynamics of water and salt movement across soil profiles during the summer with strong evaporation.

Results and discussions

Results showed that total salt content was increased by 21.3 and 8.0% in CK and SM respectively, while decreased by 24.9% in PM at the end of strong evaporation period, comparing with the beginning. Thus, surface mulching further strengthened this suppression effect, but PM displayed better performance than SM did. The data also demonstrated that vertical transport of soil water was much restrained in PM and SM, accordingly inhibiting upward transfer of salt ions. Particularly, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) ranged from 14.3–265.7, 17.9–147.1, 38.4–147.2 mmol^1/2 kg^?1/2 at a shallow soil layer (0–60 cm) in CK, PM, and SM, respectively.

Conclusions

The results suggested that sandy soil interlayer settings with plastic mulching are a critical technical strategy for salt-contaminated land reutilization and management.