Introduction to the International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health and research progress in lipid science and health

The International Symposium on Lipid Science and Health (ISLSH), which was organized annually by Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (OCRI-CAAS) since 2016, has gained a strong reputation and attracted hundreds of delegates from around the world for discussion of lipid research trends and advances every year, to promote research and academic exchanges in the fields of lipid science and health. The 5th International Symposium on lipid Science and Health was successfully held in Wuhan, China, from October 23rd to 25th, 2020, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of OCRI-CAAS. The two-day symposium gathered well-known experts specialized in lipid science to share the current state of lipid research with emphasis on aspects covering: (1) lipid profiling and characterization, (2) lipid preparation and modification, (3) lipid improvement and regulation, and (4) lipid nutrition and health. The symposium was conducted by a combination of on-site and network meeting. More than 250 distinguished delegates from academia and industry participated in the on-site multidisciplinary meeting, and thousands of scholars attended the virtual event. This paper is as a record of the symposium proceedings and a brief summary of the advances and trends in 4 aspects of lipid science and health.     

固原鸡品种选育和杂交改良的基本思路和关键措施

为充分发挥固原鸡品种的遗传潜力和杂种优势,推进地方鸡品种的开发利用,本文总结了一些蛋鸡和肉鸡的选育方法,结合传统育种和基因组水平选育的技术方法,以及目前固原鸡生产性能和种群开发利用现状,提出对固原鸡选育提高和杂交改良的思路和建议。     

福建南平市竹产业标准体系实施、评价与改进建议

推动竹产业高质量发展，标准化工作任重道远，推进标准体系有效实施、开展标准体系评价、动态优化标准体系必不可少。本文以南平市竹产业为例，探索竹产业标准体系实施、评价与改进的方法，以期逐步建立福建省竹产业标准体系实施与评价体系。     

分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系香5的病虫抗性

香5是由湖北省农科院选育的优质两系杂交稻恢复系,所配组合广两优5号(广占63-4S/香5)于2013年通过了湖北省审定.利用回交和分子标记辅助选择技术,将供体亲本MD12086-1351中的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23渗入到香5背景中,育成了3个同时携带Pi9、Bph14、Bph15和Xa23基因的新株系.鉴定结果表明,新株系的叶瘟抗性明显提高,穗颈瘟抗性部分提高,苗期抗褐飞虱,分蘖盛期高抗白叶枯病;产量、主要农艺性状、香味和稻米品质主要指标与香5相似.新株系所配的组合在产量、主要农艺性状上与香5所配的组合相似.表明新株系可以作为香5的替代系用于培育抗稻瘟病、抗褐飞虱和抗白叶枯病的两系杂交稻新组合.     

园林绿化垃圾资源化利用产品在园林绿化中的应用效果评价

为探索园林绿化垃圾资源化利用产品在园林绿化和土壤改良中的实际应用效果,进一步推动园林绿化垃圾的资源化利用。本试验分别将园林绿化资源化利用产品——有机肥和生物质炭应用于城市公园的绿化中,选取红花檵木、大叶油草、紫色狼尾草分别作为园林绿化中的灌木和草本的代表性植物,通过测定不同处理中植物的叶绿素含量、株高以及土壤养分来评价园林绿化垃圾资源化利用产品的应用效果。结果显示：有机肥和生物质炭的使用会有效提高3种植株的叶绿素含量,促进植物生长。有机肥对于红花檵木的土壤养分含量的影响并不一致,但是对于土壤含水率和电导率均有不同程度的提高。另外,有机肥和生物质炭会显著提高大叶油草和紫穗狼尾草的土壤养分含量,更加有利于植物生长。本试验在植株生长和土壤养分这一方面为园林绿化垃圾资源化利用产品在园林绿化中的应用提供了理论依据,同时为园林绿化垃圾的资源化利用奠定了基础。后续的研究中要更加深入的在土壤的物理、化学、生物性质三方面进行,进一步充实上述理论依据。     

浅析花香白茶品质特征及工艺提升

宁德市自2013年开始以高香型茶树品种制作花香白茶,获消费者青睐。文章通过分析宁德市第八届茶王赛上选送的花香白茶品质,总结出提高花香白茶品质的技术要点。     

平铺镇农村人居环境整治研究与探讨

通过对繁昌县平铺镇农村人居环境整治情况的调查,发现存在整治难、维护难等一系列问题,对其成因进行了分析,并提出了相应的应对措施。     

Embryo-mediated genome editing for accelerated genetic improvement of livestock

Selecting beneficial DNA variants is the main goal of animal breeding. However, this process is inherently inefficient because each animal only carries a fraction of all desirable variants. Genome editing technology with its ability to directly introduce beneficial sequence variants offers new opportunities to modernize animal breeding by overcoming this biological limitation and accelerating genetic gains. To realize rapid genetic gain, precise edits need to be introduced into genomically-selected embryos, which minimizes the genetic lag. However, embryo-mediated precision editing by homology-directed repair (HDR) mechanisms is currently an inefficient process that often produces mosaic embryos and greatly limits the numbers of available edited embryos. This review provides a summary of genome editing in bovine embryos and proposes an embryo-mediated accelerated breeding scheme that overcomes the present efficiency limitations of HDR editing in bovine embryos. It integrates embryo-based genomic selection with precise multi-editing and uses embryonic cloning with elite edited blastomeres or embryonic pluripotent stem cells to resolve mosaicism, enable multiplex editing and multiply rare elite genotypes. Such a breeding strategy would enable a more targeted, accelerated approach for livestock improvement that allows stacking of beneficial variants, even including novel traits from outside the breeding population, in the most recent elite genetic background, essentially within a single generation.     

微生物发酵在菜籽饼粕饲用品质改良中的应用研究进展

随着畜牧业的快速发展、优质饲料原料的严重不足以及国际进口贸易形势的日益紧张,开发非常规饲料资源的需求愈发迫切。菜籽饼粕是我国第一大油料作物油菜的加工副产物,饲用价值不高严重制约了在饲料工业中的应用。微生物发酵技术具有改良菜籽饼粕品质和提高畜禽生产性能的优势。本文综述了微生物发酵改良菜籽饼粕饲用价值的机理、影响因素以及微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料在畜禽生产中的应用,讨论了目前微生物发酵菜籽饼粕生产中存在的问题,展望了未来微生物发酵菜籽饼粕饲料的发展方向。