转基因动物及其食品安全评价技术研究进展

在确保转基因动物及其食品安全的条件下,搞好转基因动物食品产业的发展,对于有效解决资源短缺,食物不足,促进国民经济可持续发展等方面具有重要意义.要切实保证转基因动物食品安全,就必须借鉴发达国家的先进技术,集成创新我国转基因动物及其食品的安全评价技术体系,为我国转基因动物及其食品的安全检测提供可靠的技术支撑.为此,论文参阅...     

鱼粉质量安全隐患及排查技术研究

鱼粉是配合饲料的重要蛋白源之一,它是饲料及畜产品、水产品的安全基础。排查鱼粉的质量安全隐患不仅对养殖业意义重大,更关系着人们的健康与安全。对鱼粉主要质量安全隐患及其排查技术进行了概括总结,比较了不同方法的优劣及改进方向,以期为排查和降低鱼粉质量安全隐患提供参考。     

食品安全谣言精准治理的突出问题与实现路径

食品安全谣言的有效治理需要运用精准思维，实现精准治理。食品安全谣言基于互联网环境产生和传播，具有标签化、视觉化和社交化等特征，传播主体以中老年群体为主。当前，食品安全谣言治理制度与体系建设还存在薄弱环节，食品安全风险短时间难以化解，食品企业主体责任和互联网企业对谣言监管等领域仍存在突出问题。立足食品安全谣言治理体系和制度建设，围绕产生源头、传播媒介、传播主体等领域，统筹协调，精准施策，有助于实现食品安全谣言的精准治理和有效治理。     

小议纳米材料的安全性评价问题

随着时间的推移,纳米科学和纳米技术的发展也在不断变化着,在其从被提出到现在的五十多年里,已经呈现出一个很好的应用前景。目前,人造纳米颗粒和纳米材料已经被应用于医药工业、染料、涂料、食品、化妆品和环境污染治理等行业中。然而,高科技是一把“双刃剑”,纳米材料在给人类带来巨大经济效益和科技革新的同时,其安全性评价也日益引起人们的重视。本文分析了纳米材料的发展史、性质、应用以及对畜牧兽医及人类的潜在威胁;综述了国内外对纳米材料安全性评价的态度;并重点提出了目前需要重点关注的纳米材料的毒性研究领域,同时呼吁大家高度重视纳米材料的安全性评估。     

使它隆对结缕草的安全性研究

通过对马尼拉Zoysia matrella和兰引3号Z.japonica cv．Lantai NO．32种结缕草叶面喷雾使它隆溶液,测定了部分生理指标。结果表明：0．1％使它隆对马尼拉安全。兰引3号比马尼拉对使它隆敏感,0．1％使它隆显著降低其叶片叶绿素含量,0．4％使它隆使兰引3号叶片含水量、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量显著降低,膜透性显著增加。     

利福昔明混悬乳剂的安全性试验

应用全身过敏性、皮肤刺激性、黏膜刺激性和乳腺刺激性试验,评定了利福昔明混悬乳剂的安全性。结果表明,致敏试验豚鼠均未出现过敏性反应。在皮肤刺激性试验中,单次敷药组家兔皮肤均未见异常变化,多次敷药组虽有1只试验兔皮肤出现了短暂性轻微红斑,但皮肤刺激反应积分平均值仅为0.2。在黏膜刺激性试验中,受试药物组有1只试验兔的阴道黏膜出现轻微的充血现象,阴道黏膜刺激反应积分平均值为0.2。乳腺刺激性试验羊乳房未见异常症状,乳腺组织未见充血、水肿和白细胞浸润等病理变化。综合评价试验结果表明,利福昔明混悬乳剂是一种安全性良好的制剂。     

Anisakid nematodes in beaked redfish (Sebastes mentella) from three fishing grounds in the North Atlantic,with special notes on distribution in the fish musculature

Parasitic anisakid nematodes commonly occur in the musculature and visceral organs of many fish species from the North Atlantic. In this respect, the presence of the third stage larvae of Anisakis spp. in the fish musculature may pose a potential consumer hazard due to the parasite's ability to cause anisakidosis. Thus, knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of these potentially zoonotic parasites in the commercially important North Atlantic fish species is crucial in order to evaluate and consequently prevent human infections.In the present study, 300 Sebastes mentella from three North Atlantic fishing grounds (Northern North Sea: Tampen; Barents Sea: off Bear Island; Irminger Sea: off SE Greenland) were examined for anisakid nematodes, with emphasis on occurrence and distribution in the musculature. Overall larval prevalence and mean intensity were significantly higher in redfish from Tampen (94%; 13.5 ± 20.0) and Bear Island (94%; 14.5 ± 19.4) than in fish from SE Greenland (75%; 6.0 ± 5.8; p < 0.01). The same trend was observed for larval infection in the musculature showing prevalence and mean intensities of 79%, 73%, and 55%, and 5.9 ± 6.6, 5.8 ± 6.5, and 3.2 ± 2.4, in the musculature of redfish from Tampen, Bear Island, and Greenland, respectively. Conventional microscopy and rDNA ITS-gene sequencing of various subsamples of muscle-dwelling nematode larvae of redfish from every catching locality revealed the presence of two anisakid species; Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and the non-zoonotic Hysterothylacium aduncum. Since the larvae of H. aduncum typically occur in or on the viscera of fish, our findings of two specimens in the belly flaps of redfish were unusual. Additionally, more than 92% of the muscle-dwelling larvae occurred in the belly flaps, i.e. the hypaxial part of the musculature surrounding the visceral organs on either fish side. Thus, trimming the fillets of beaked redfish by removal of most of the belly flaps would significantly reduce the probability of anisakid nematode larvae to be present in the final product.     

乳品质量安全追溯体系分析

随着社会的发展和生活水平的提高,人们对乳品质量安全越来越关注.然而,随着乳品供应链的日益延伸和行为参与人的日渐复杂,消费者很难获取到乳品的质量安全信息.乳品质量安全追溯体系作为乳品质量安全管理的有效手段,越来越受到有关部门和广大消费者的关注.本文针对我国乳品质量安全情况阐述建立质量安全追溯体系的必要性,分析推广乳品质量安全追溯体系所面临的问题,研究搭建乳品质量安全追溯体系框架,并针对体系建设提出一些政策建议.     

硝碘酚腈注射液的初步安全性评价

为评价硝碘酚腈注射液的安全性,对硝碘酚腈注射液进行急性毒性试验和蓄积毒性试验,结果显示硝碘酚腈注射液的LD50为68.37 mg/kg,硝碘酚静注射液为中等毒性并有明显的蓄积毒性。     

从RASFF通报看出口食品安全监管重点及方向

根据近几年来欧盟食品和饲料快速预警系统（RASFF）通报情况,总结我国被通报产品种类及风险因素,并结合当前国际食品安全的严峻形势,探讨出口食品安全监管措施。     

抑制素基因免疫大鼠的免疫应答与基因表达

为了研究抑制素基因免疫对大鼠免疫应答和发情的影响及免疫后抑制素的组织分布,将60只大鼠分为5组,每只分别肌肉注射10（T1）、50（T2）、100μg pCIS（T3）,50μg pcDNA3.1（V）和生理盐水（S）。ELISA检测抑制素抗体水平,阴道涂片法检测大鼠的发情状况,免疫组化分析抑制素的组织分布。结果显示,不同剂量抑制素基因2次免疫10 d后抗体P/N值均显著升高（P〈0.05）,3次免疫10 d后T2和T3组抗体P/N值进一步显著升高（P〈0.05）,T3组抗体水平有高于T1和T2组的趋势（P〉0.05）;抑制素基因免疫对大鼠的发情无显著影响;3次免疫2周后心脏、肝脏、接种肌肉部位均未检出抑制素;卵巢、肾脏和垂体部位均检出抑制素;而脾脏部位,抑制素质粒免疫组检出抑制素,对照组则未检出抑制素。这些结果表明,免疫剂量和次数的增加没有导致大鼠产生明显的抑制素免疫耐受,抑制素基因免疫大鼠是相对安全的,抑制素的组织分布结果亦为抑制素基因免疫的作用机理研究提供了理论依据。     

美洛昔康片对比格犬的靶动物安全性评价

为研究美洛昔康片对靶动物比格犬的安全性,选取24只健康的比格犬随机分成4组,每组6只。各组试验犬分别以0、推荐剂量(0.2 mg/kg bw)、3倍推荐剂量(0.6 mg/kg bw)、5倍推荐剂量(1.0 mg/kg bw)口服美洛昔康片,每日1次,连续给药7 d。对一般临床状况、采食量、增重、饲料转化率、血液生理和生化指标、病理组织学等进行观察和检测。结果显示,除5倍推荐剂量对犬的肾脏和胃有一定的病理性影响外,其他各项指标与空白对照组相比差异均不显著。表明美洛昔康片毒性小,在犬体内耐受性高,以推荐剂量给药对靶动物犬是安全的。     

饲料安全与动物性食品安全研究

随着社会主义市场经济的深入发展,我国畜牧业得到快速发展,但是持续曝光的畜牧饲料安全和动物性食品安全问题不仅威胁广大消费者的身体健康,还不利于畜牧业有序发展。该文主要论述饲料安全和动物性食品安全定义,并对其不安全因素进行具体分析,最后结合自身工作经验,从执法监管、检测评价和加工工艺等方面提出加强饲料安全与动物性食品安全的对策。以期更好地推动我国畜牧饲料和动物性食品安全工作开展。     

慢病毒载体法制备转基因动物研究进展

慢病毒能够感染分裂细胞和非分裂细胞,因而被发展成为重要的转基因载体,已成为制备转基因动物的一种工具,转基因效率明显提高。该文介绍了制备转基因动物的技术方法,比较了慢病毒载体制备转基因动物的特点和优势,介绍了慢病毒载体安全设计的发展,并将近年来国内外利用慢病毒载体法制备转基因动物的研究进行了概述。     

Feed,Feeding and Environment Safety in Aquaculture

With fast increase in aquaculture, there comes the environmental problems which have received most attentions. The pollution from aquaculture includes nitrogen and phosphorus loading, unexpected chemicals and organisms. Poor water environment not only resulted in poor growth efficiency of fish, but also in poor fish quality and high risk of diseases.     

Microbial Safety of Chickens Raised Without Antibiotics

The purpose of the current study was to verify whether there was any validity to the claim that consumers could reduce their exposure to antibiotic-resistant bacteria by purchasing poultry products that were produced without antibiotics. Rinse samples were taken from whole carcasses from chickens grown in small flocks and marketed as antibiotic-free. Salmonella bacteria were isolated from 18.7% of all the carcasses sampled. Campylobacter bacteria were found on 96.0% of the carcasses tested. More than two-thirds (69.4%) of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. The antibiotic to which the Salmonella isolates were most commonly resistant was trimethoprim-sulfa, with almost two-thirds (62.9%) of the isolates being resistant to it. Almost three-fourths (73.4%) of the Campylobacter isolates were resistant to at least 1 antibiotic. The most common antibiotic to which Campylobacter isolates were resistant was tetracycline, with almost three-fourths (72.7%) of all Campylobacter isolates being resistant to it.