分子标记辅助选择改良水稻恢复系R1813稻瘟病、白叶枯病和褐飞虱抗性研究

R1813是湖南隆平种业有限公司选育的高产、抗倒、迟熟优良籼型两系恢复系,以R1813为父本,已经选配出一批组合通过审定。该研究利用分子标记辅助选择和回交转育技术,将MD12086-41携带的抗稻瘟病基因Pi9、抗白叶枯病基因Xa23、抗褐飞虱基因Bph14和Bph15渗入到R1813的背景中,选出3个携带Pi9、Xa23、Bph14和Bph15基因的近等基因系ST15005-1-106-9、ST15005-1-318-4和ST15005-1-318-14。抗性鉴定结果表明,这3个改良株系均表现抗稻瘟病、高抗白叶枯病和中抗褐飞虱,与R1813相比,3种病虫害的抗性都明显提高。田间试验和品质分析表明,3个改良株系的产量、主要农艺性状和稻米品质主要指标都与R1813相似。对少量测配组合的抗性鉴定、田间试验和品质分析表明,除了抗性有明显提高以外,产量、主要农艺性状、稻米品质主要指标都与R1813所配组合相似。     

两系杂交中籼新组合E两优186的选育与应用

E两优186是袁隆平农业高科技股份有限公司、湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所、湖南亚华种业有限公司联合用E农1S与R186配组育成的两系杂交中籼新组合。E农1S和R186是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所利用分子标记辅助选择技术分别育成的抗稻瘟病籼型两系不育系和恢复系,E农1S聚合了稻瘟病抗性基因Pi1、Pi2,R186则含抗褐飞虱基因Bph14、Bph15和抗白叶枯病基因Xa23。该组合参加长江中下游中籼迟熟组绿色通道区域试验,表现出产量高、米质较优、综合抗性较好、熟期适宜等特点,2017年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,审定编号国审稻20176061。介绍了其选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。     

广谱抗稻瘟病种质75-1-127的褐飞虱抗性基因鉴定及分子标记辅助选择育种

【目的】水稻品系75-1-127携带广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi9,已被广泛应用于抗稻瘟病水稻品种改良。笔者育种实践发现75-1-127表现出较强的褐飞虱抗性,因此鉴定该品系中的褐飞虱抗性基因并进行分子辅助选择育种。【方法】根据水稻品系B5中褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15的序列,设计引物扩增75-1-127的基因组DNA,并对PCR产物进行测序分析。采用苗期集团法鉴定了75-1-127和B5的褐飞虱抗性表型。利用与Bph14与Bph15连锁的分子标记筛查了75-1-127为稻瘟病抗源回交转育的两系不育系后代,并鉴定了这些后代的稻瘟病抗性、褐飞虱抗性和主要农艺性状。【结果】75-1-127中含有与B5完全一致的Bph14和Bph15序列。75-1-127和B5苗期褐飞虱抗性均为1级。在以75-1-127为抗源改良的两系不育系中,携带Bph14、Bph15的单基因系或双基因系的褐飞虱抗性均得以改良,其中双基因聚合系的死苗率为8.5%,与供体亲本75-1-127以及阳性对照B5差异不显著,进一步证实75-1-127含有褐飞虱抗性基因。【结论】水稻品系75-1-127携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15,可以作为抗源应用于水稻褐飞虱抗性育种。     

利用分子标记辅助选择改良水稻两系不育系C815S的褐飞虱抗性研究

以水稻品种B5(含褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14、Bph15)为供体亲本,目前生产上大面积应用的两系不育系C815S为受体亲本,利用分子标记辅助选择技术,将2个褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15导入C815S,获得3个同时携带2个抗性基因的纯合改良株系。苗期群体鉴定和大田成熟期鉴定表明,3个改良不育株系的褐飞虱抗性均为3级,表现为抗;而受体亲本C815S为9级,表现为感。农艺性状考察表明,改良不育株系基本保持了受体亲本的优良性状,部分穗部性状还显著优于C815S。因此,利用分子标记辅助选择技术聚合Bph14和Bph15基因改良不育系褐飞虱抗性效果明显。     

水稻抗稻瘟病和抗白叶枯病基因聚合品系抗性分析

以Moroberekan和Tetep为稻瘟病抗性基因供体,镇恢084和IRBB21为白叶枯病抗性基因供体进行杂交和复交,通过系谱法育种、分子标记辅助选择和抗病性鉴定等方法,选育出5个农艺性状良好且抗稻瘟病和白叶枯病的水稻新品系08F039-7-2、08F039-11-2、08F014-2-1、08F017-15-1和A6-20-2。对这些品系的稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性进行鉴定。结果表明:聚合Xa4、Xa7和Pi157的08F039-7-2和08F039-11-2高抗白叶枯病,08F039-7-2的叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性分别为抗和中抗,08F039-11-2的叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性分别为中抗和抗。聚合Xa21和Pi-ta的08F014-2-1和08F017-15-1中抗白叶枯病,08F014-2-1的叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性分别为高抗和抗,08F017-15-1的叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性分别为抗和中抗;聚合Xa7、Xa21、Pi157和Pi-ta的A6-20-2高抗白叶枯病,叶瘟和穗颈瘟抗性均为中抗。     

高产优质杂交中籼新组合广两优476的选育与应用

广两优476是湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所用广占63-4S和R476配组育成的高产优质杂交中籼新组合,父本R476是利用分子标记辅助选择技术育成的两系恢复系,含有抗白叶枯病基因Xa21和抗褐飞虱基因Bph14。在湖北省中稻区试中,该组合表现产量高、品质优、熟期适宜等特点,2010年通过了湖北省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了其选育过程、特征特性、栽培及制种技术要点。     

抗褐飞虱超级杂交稻新组合玮两优7713的选育与应用

利用抗稻瘟病优质骨干恢复系R6888与抗褐飞虱供体亲本珞扬69（含Bph6、Bph9）杂交,结合褐飞虱抗性鉴定和分子标记辅助选择,创制出强优势抗稻瘟病抗褐飞虱恢复系华恢7713。以华恢7713与低温敏两系不育系华玮338S配组培育出抗褐飞虱杂交水稻新组合玮两优7713。该组合丰产性好、米质优、抗褐飞虱,于2021年通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定,2023年被确认为籼型两系超级稻品种,是中国首个优质抗褐飞虱国审超级稻品种,具有良好应用前景。     

聚合白背飞虱和褐飞虱抗性基因创制杂交水稻恢复系

【目的】为了创制兼抗白背飞虱和褐飞虱的水稻恢复系,【方法】分别以抗褐飞虱材料B5(携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15)及携带白背飞虱抗性位点qsI-4的籼型恢复系福恢7011为供体亲本,以骨干恢复系福恢676为轮回亲本,应用低世代分离群体田间表型结合单株鉴定与高世代稳定株系室内筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,并对抗虫株系及其测交后代进行考查和农艺性状分析。【结果】选育出聚合Bph14、Bph15和qsI-4的恢复系材料3份,携带2个抗虫基因的恢复系材料3份。其中6份恢复系的褐飞虱抗性鉴定结果均表现中抗以上。通过抗性鉴定和杂交后代农艺性状分析筛选出具有生产应用潜力的恢复系材料2份。【结论】为褐飞虱和白背飞虱抗性聚合新种质的创制和应用提供了基础材料。     

聚合白背飞虱和褐飞虱抗性基因创制杂交水稻恢复系

【目的】为了创制兼抗白背飞虱和褐飞虱的水稻恢复系，【方法】分别以抗褐飞虱材料B5（携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15）及携带白背飞虱抗性位点qsI-4的籼型恢复系福恢7011为供体亲本，以骨干恢复系福恢676为轮回亲本，应用低世代分离群体田间表型结合单株鉴定与高世代稳定株系室内筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法，并对抗虫株系及其测交后代进行考查和农艺性状分析。【结果】选育出聚合Bph14、Bph15 和qsI-4的恢复系材料3份，携带2个抗虫基因的恢复系材料3份。其中6份恢复系的褐飞虱抗性鉴定结果均表现中抗以上。通过抗性鉴定和杂交后代农艺性状分析筛选出具有生产应用潜力的恢复系材料2份。【结论】为褐飞虱和白背飞虱抗性聚合新种质的创制和应用提供了基础材料。     

聚合白背飞虱和褐飞虱抗性基因创制杂交水稻恢复系

【目的】为了创制兼抗白背飞虱和褐飞虱的水稻恢复系,【方法】分别以抗褐飞虱材料B5(携带褐飞虱抗性基因Bph14和Bph15)及携带白背飞虱抗性位点qsI-4的籼型恢复系福恢7011为供体亲本,以骨干恢复系福恢676为轮回亲本,应用低世代分离群体田间表型结合单株鉴定与高世代稳定株系室内筛选和分子标记辅助选择相结合的方法,并对抗虫株系及其测交后代进行考查和农艺性状分析。【结果】选育出聚合Bph14、Bph15和qsI-4的恢复系材料3份,携带2个抗虫基因的恢复系材料3份。其中6份恢复系的褐飞虱抗性鉴定结果均表现中抗以上。通过抗性鉴定和杂交后代农艺性状分析筛选出具有生产应用潜力的恢复系材料2份。【结论】为褐飞虱和白背飞虱抗性聚合新种质的创制和应用提供了基础材料。     

Breeding of R8012,a Rice Restorer Line Resistant to Blast and Bacterial Blight Through Marker-Assisted Selection

Genetic improvement is one of the most effective strategies to prevent rice from blast and bacterial blight(BB) diseases,the two most prevalent diseases jeopardizing rice production.Rice hybrids with dural resistance to blast and BB are needed for sustainable production of food.An incomplete diallele design resulted in 25 crosses between five blast and five BB resistant germplasm accessions.Only one pair of parents,DH146 × TM487,showed polymorphism for all the markers to identify one blast resistance gene Pi25 and three BB resistance genes,Xa21,xa13 and xa5,thus it was used in the marker-assisted selection(MAS).F2 individuals of DH146 × TM487 were genotyped using flanking markers of RM3330 and sequence tagged site(STS) marker SA7 for Pi25.The resistant F2 plants with Pi25 were used for pyramiding BB resistance genes Xa21,xa13 and xa5 identified by the markers pTA248,RM264 and RM153,respectively in subsequent generations.Finally,after selection for agronomic traits and restoration ability among 12 pyramided lines,we acquired an elite restorer line,R8012 including all four target genes(Pi25+Xa21+xa13+xa5).Hybrid Zhong 9A/R8012 derived from the selected line showed stronger resistance to blast and BB,and higher grain yield than the commercial checks uniformally in experimental plots,2007 state-wide yield trial and 2008 nation-wide yield trial.This study provides a paradigmatic example to show that MAS is a practically feasible tool in effectively pyramiding multiple resistance genes.The resultant restoring line and its hybrid would play an important role in securing rice production in China.     

抗稻瘟病基因Pi9的STS连锁标记开发及在分子标记辅助育种中的应用

 利用带有广谱抗稻瘟病基因Pi9的籼稻品系75 1 127作为抗病基因供体亲本,用于扬稻6号和R6547抗病性的回交育种。通过比较75 1 127、扬稻6号和日本晴的Pi9基因位点的DNA序列,开发出了与Pi9基因紧密连锁的共显性STS（序列标记位点）标记PB9 1,用于Pi9基因的分子标记辅助选择。结合田间农艺性状选择和分子标记辅助选择,培育出8个Pi9基因纯合的回交后代株系。其中,具有扬稻6号和R6547遗传背景的株系各4个。经湖北恩施和宜昌的病圃鉴定,携带有抗病基因株系的稻瘟病抗性水平较受体品种扬稻6号和R6547有不同程度的提高。具有R6547遗传背景的株系08C893配制的杂交组合在上述病区的抗性表现也明显优于对照品种扬两优6号。上述结果说明,共显性标记PB9 1在Pi9抗稻瘟病基因分子标记辅助育种中具有应用价值,并且Pi9基因作为稻瘟病抗源之一可以在湖北稻区进行有效利用。     

Breeding Rice Restorer Lines with High Resistance to Bacterial Blight by Using Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection

Rice bacterial blight, one of the major diseases of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Xoo, jeopardizes rice diversely. It causes leaf wilting, affects photosynthesis and reduces 1000-grain weight and generally results in yield loss by 20-30 pe…     

利用分子标记辅助育种技术选育高抗白叶枯病恢复系

通过常规回交育种结合分子标记辅助选择技术,已将来自IRBB24的2个抗白叶枯病基因, Xa21和Xa4, 聚合到感病的杂交稻恢复系绵恢７２５中。通过分子标记检测目标基因和亲本遗传背景差异分析快速获得了4个高抗白叶枯病的恢复系姊妹系R207 1、R207 2、R207 3和R207 4。采用与目标抗性基因相应的菲律宾菌系P1、P6 和7个中国病原型代表菌系（CⅠ~CⅦ）对4个姊妹系及其杂交组合进行田间接种。结果表明,这些姊妹系及所配制的杂交组合抗病性强、抗谱广,其中杂交组合G46A/R207 2具有良好的产量潜力,将R207 2定名为蜀恢207。     

Marker-Assisted Breeding of Thermo-Sensitive Genic Male Sterile Line 1892S for Disease Resistance and Submergence Tolerance

Rice line 1892S is an elite thermo-sensitive genic male sterile(TGMS)line for two-line hybrid rice production.However,1892S is susceptible to rice blast,bacterial blight and submergence.Here we reported the introduction of blast resistance(R)gene Pi9,bacterial blight R gene Xa21 and submergence tolerance gene Sub1A into 1892S genetic background through backcrossing and marker-assisted selection.The improved TGMS line 31892S and its hybrids conferred disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight,and showed submergence tolerance for over 14 d without significant loss of viability.The sterility-fertility conversion of 31892S was similar to that of 1892S.31892S and its derived hybrid rice had similar agronomic traits and grain quality with 1892S and the control hybrid rice,respectively.The newly developed 31892S provided an improved TGMS line for two-line hybrid rice production with disease resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight,and submergence tolerance with no yield penalty or change in grain quality.     

Improvement of bacterial blight resistance of hybrid rice in China using the Xa23 gene derived from wild rice (Oryza rufipogon)

A novel bacterial blight (BB) resistance gene, Xa23, identified from Oryza rufipogon was introgressed into three popular restorer lines (Minghui63, YR293 and Y1671) for wild abortive cytoplasmic male sterility by marker-assisted backcross breeding approach in combination with artificial inoculation and stringent phenotypic selections. The three derived BB resistant restorer lines (Minghui63-Xa23, YR293-Xa23 and Y1671-Xa23) and their hybrid combinations with Zhenshan97A (Shanyou63-Xa23), NongfengA (Fengyou293-Xa23) and Zhong9A (Zhongyou1671-Xa23) demonstrated similar BB resistance spectrum as the donor parent, CBB23 (B). The newly developed BB resistant restorers and their derived hybrids were identical to their respective original versions for agronomic traits especially under disease free condition. However, under severe disease condition, the three BB resistant restorer lines exhibited significantly higher grain weight and spikelet fertility as compared to the respective original restorer lines thus further resulting in BB resistant hybrids with significantly higher grain yields than their respective popular original hybrids. The results indicated that the Xa23 gene could completely express its dominant broad spectrum resistance in different backgrounds of both restorer and male sterile lines across different growth stages, suggesting its immense breeding value in BB resistance improvement for hybrid rice. Moreover, a reasonable utilization and deployment of Xa23 gene for efficient control of BB disease in hybrid rice production was recommended.     

携有抗白叶枯病新基因Xa23水稻近等基因系的构建及应用

 1993～1998年,构建了携有抗稻白叶枯病新基因Xa23的近等基因系,命名为CBB23。以全生育期高度感病并具有改良株型的籼稻品种JG30为轮回亲本，与携有Xa23的抗性供体H-4杂交，JG30/H-4的F1通过回交、自交直至B5F4，各世代均用与目标基因Xa23相对应的专化小种菌系P6人工接种鉴定，同步进行株型和农艺性状选择，直至抗性稳定和农艺性状类似其轮回亲本。比较了CBB23 (携Xa23) 和IRBB21 (携Xa21) 对20个菌系包括10个菲律宾小种、3个日本小种和7个中国病原型代表菌系的抗谱，Xa23抗所有20 个菌系； Xa21 抗19个菌系，对菲律宾10号小种则高度感病。用近等基因系CBB23构建了JG30/CBB23组合的F2分离群体，通过SSR标记筛选，初步将Xa23定位于水稻第11染色体。进一步筛选出3个与Xa23更紧密连锁的AFLP标记。其中的APKj23与Xa23之间的图距约为1.0 cM。并报道了在抗病育种中已有效的应用了携有Xa23的近等基因系 CBB23。     

Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of Genes Conferring Resistance Against Bacterial Blight and Blast Diseases into Indian Rice Variety MTU1010

Two major bacterial blight(BB) resistance genes(Xa21 and xa13) and a major gene for blast resistance(Pi54) were introgressed into an Indian rice variety MTU1010 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. Improved Samba Mahsuri(possessing Xa21 and xa13) and NLR145(possessing Pi54) were used as donor parents. Marker-assisted backcrossing was continued till BC2 generation wherein PCR based functional markers specific for the resistance genes were used for foreground selection and a set of parental polymorphic microsatellite markers were used for background selection at each stage of backcrossing. Selected BC2F1 plants from both crosses, having the highest recoveries of MTU1010 genome(90% and 92%, respectively), were intercrossed to obtain intercross F1(ICF1) plants, which were then selfed to generate 880 ICF2 plants possessing different combinations of the BB and blast resistance genes. Among the ICF2 plants, seven triple homozygous plants(xa13xa13Xa21Xa21Pi54Pi54) with recurrent parent genome recovery ranging from 82% to 92% were identified. All the seven ICF2 plants showed high resistance against the bacterial blight disease with a lesion lengths of only 0.53–2.28 cm, 1%–5% disease leaf areas and disease scoring values of ‘1' or ‘3'. The seven ICF2 plants were selfed to generate ICF3, which were then screened for blast resistance, and all were observed to be highly resistant to the diseases. Several ICF3 lines possessing high level of resistance against BB and blast, coupled with yield, grain quality and plant type on par with MTU1010 were identified and advanced for further selection and evaluation.     

水稻三系恢复系镇恢084的螟虫抗性改良

以对螟虫有良好抗性的T1C - 19(含抗螟虫的cry1C*基因)作为供体,优良恢复系镇恢084为受体和轮回亲本,通过杂交、回交并结合分子辅助选择的方法将cry1C*基因导入镇恢084中,选育了携带cry1C*基因的纯合株系4个.对育成的抗螟虫新株系及其杂交组合的CRY1C*蛋白表达量、螟虫抗性、产量、主要农艺性状和稻米品质进行了研究.结果表明,4个抗虫新株系的CRY1C*蛋白表达量与供体T1C - 19基本一致,表明cry1C*基因在新株系中能够很好地表达;在自然条件下的田间调查结果显示,培育的4个抗螟虫株系及其所配杂交组合与供体亲本表现一致,都没有受到螟虫的危害,而受体亲本受到一定程度的螟虫危害.此外,新育成的4个抗螟虫株系在主要农艺性状、稻米品质和配合力上都与受体亲本镇恢084相近.