建鲤组织蛋白酶L 的原核表达、纯化鉴定及多克隆抗体的制备

对原核表达的重组建鲤组织蛋白酶L(Cathepsin L,CAT L)蛋白进行尿素洗涤和Ni-NTA亲和层析纯化,该目的蛋白经300 mmol/L咪唑洗脱为单一峰,SDS-PAGE结合TSK-GEL G2000SWxl凝胶过滤高效液相色谱分析表明重组CAT L获得了高度纯化,分子量约28 k D,纯度超过95%。Z-Phe-Arg-MCA底物测活法显示该重组CAT L表现为半胱氨酸蛋白酶活性,能与其内源抑制因子Cystatin以1︰1的摩尔比结合,具有生物学活性。以纯化的重组CAT L蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠获得抗血清,经ELISA法检测获得的CAT L抗血清效价高于1︰512000;Western blotting鉴定结果表明该抗体具有良好的特异性,能够识别原核表达的重组CAT L蛋白。免疫组织化学分析结果表明,该抗体还能识别建鲤小肠、肝胰脏、脾、背肌和心肌组织表达的内源性CAT L蛋白。因此可利用该抗体从蛋白水平检测CAT L在鱼类不同组织中的表达和分布情况。     

Expression of cathepsin C and tumor necrosis factor-α in human coronary artery and their relationships with coronary heart disease

AIM To explore the possible mechanism of cathepsin C （CTSC） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in coronary heart disease （CHD） by detecting the protein expression of CTSC and TNF-α in human coronary artery tissue. METHODS The coronary artery tissues from 52 cases of CHD and 25 cases of accidental death without any heart disease in the Forensic Judicial Expertise Center of Guizhou Medical University from October 2018 to December 2019 were collected as CHD group and control group, respectively. The coronary artery stenosis and intimal plaque formation were examined by histopathology, the protein expression of CTSC and TNF-α was determined by Western blot, and the intracellular expression of CTSC and TNF-α was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The results of HE staining showed that the intima of coronary artery in control group was smooth, and no thickening or stenosis was observed. In CHD group, the intima thickened irregularly, atherosclerotic plaques formed, the intima became thinner and the lumen showed eccentric stenosis in varying degrees （P<0.05）. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of CTSC and TNF-α in CHD group was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. Immunohistochemical staining showed that both CTSC and TNF-α were expressed in the cytoplasm of foam cells, and their positive expression was significantly higher than that in control group （P<0.05）. The results of Pearson moment correlation analysis showed that there was positive correlation between the expression of CTSC and TNF-α in CHD （r²=0.743, P<0.05）. CONCLUSION The up-regulated expression of CTSC in coronary artery tissue may promote the expression of TNF-α and affect the occurrence and development of CHD.     

A Cathepsin B Inhibitor,E-64, Improves the Preimplantation Development of Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Embryos

Bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is an important and powerful tool for basic research and biomedical and agricultural applications, however, the efficiency of SCNT has remained extremely low. In this study, we investigated the effects of cathepsin B inhibitor (E-64) supplementation of culture medium on in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. We initially used three concentrations of E-64 (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 μm), among which 0.5 μm resulted in the highest rate of blastocysts production after in vitro fertilization (IVF), and was therefore used for further experiments. Blastocyst development of SCNT embryos in the E-64 treatment group also increased relative to the control. Moreover, the cryosurvival rates of IVF and SCNT blastocysts were increased in E-64 treatment groups when compared with the control. On the other hand, we found that IVF and SCNT blastocysts derived from E-64-treated groups had increased total cell numbers and decreased apoptotic nuclei. Furthermore, assessment of the expression of apoptosis-related genes (Bax and Bcl-xL) in bovine IVF and SCNT blastocysts treated with E-64 by real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed suppressed expression of the pro-apoptotic gene Bax and stimulated expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL. Taken together, these finding indicate that addition of E-64 to embryo culture medium may have important implications for improving developmental competence and preimplantation quality in bovine IVF and SCNT embryos.     

水稻抗干尖线虫基因OC-XII的克隆及表达研究

抗性验证试验表明籼稻大白谷抗水稻干尖线虫侵染。为进一步探究此抗性与病程相关蛋白——半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Cystatin)的相关性,基于水稻基因组数据克隆籼稻大白谷Cystatin家族的OC-XII基因,分别进行OC-XII、Japonica-OC-XII和Indica-OC-XII蛋白质三维结构构建,并与水稻干尖线虫组织蛋白酶B(Cathepsin B)进行分子对接以验证OC-XII基因编码蛋白对Cathepsin B的抑制功能。通过荧光定量qPCR验证OC-XII基因在线虫侵染前后的表达特性,OC-XII蛋白可以与水稻干尖线虫Cathepsin B蛋白质特异结合,线虫侵染后OC-XII基因在浸染12h~2d期间表达量持续上调,侵染3d后下调。表明OC-XII基因在大白谷抗水稻干尖线虫侵染过程中发挥功能,具有对植物寄生线虫进行生物防治的潜力,有必要对其进行深入研究。     

红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的克隆及维生素C对其表达的影响

为深入了解红螯光壳螯虾组织蛋白酶L基因的表达特性及维生素C对其表达的影响,实验利用RACE-PCR技术及荧光定量PCR技术,从红螯光壳螯虾肝胰腺中克隆得到组织蛋白酶L基因cDNA全长序列,命名为CqCatL(GenBank登录号:KJ913663),同时检测了该基因在红螯光壳螯虾各个组织及添加了不同浓度维生素C的组别中的表达。结果显示,该基因全长1 810 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 026 bp,编码341个氨基酸残基,预测的分子量和等电点(pI)分别为37.63 ku和5.17。同源性分析结果显示,该基因编码的蛋白与其他虾蟹类有较高的相似性,说明组织蛋白酶L基因在甲壳动物具有较高的保守性。组织荧光定量PCR结果显示,CqCatL基因在红螯光壳螯虾的多个组织中均有表达,其中肝胰腺中表达量最高,其次为血细胞,在肠及触角腺中也有一定量的表达。在基础饲料中添加不同水平的维生素C后,CqCatL基因的表达量也存在明显差异,其中维生素C添加量为400 mg/kg的组别中该基因的表达量最高。研究表明,组织蛋白酶L基因在红螯光壳螯虾的生长发育过程中有重要的作用,且其表达量受维生素C的影响。     

蚜虫基因RNAi载体的构建及其在转基因烟草中dsRNA的表达分析

RNAi机制可以通过dsRNA诱导同源mRNA的降解,从而导致该基因转录后沉默。RNA干扰作用从发现以来就具有了利用转录后基因沉默（PTGS）来进行抗虫的一种潜在可能性。针对dsRNA的这种作用,研究中提取蚜虫RNA,克隆出蚜虫Cathepsin B基因的干扰片段并构建出RNAi载体,转入本氏烟草中,在转基因烟草体内表达dsRNA。成功构建RNAi载体后,通过农杆菌转化和叶盘法将RNAi载体导入烟草中并采用组织培养方法培养出转基因烟草,通过PCR鉴定显示15株生根的转基因烟草中14株显示阳性。提取转基因烟草的RNA进行RT-PCR和Northern表达分析显示转基因烟草植株中dsRNA表达的存在。实验结果说明了在转基因植物体内表达RNAi载体可以产生dsRNA,从而在蚜虫进食植物时达到利用dsRNA抗蚜虫的作用。     

溶酶体中的组织蛋白酶及其在肌肉成熟中的作用

介绍了肌细胞中的溶酶体的结构和功能、溶酶体蛋白酶及影响其稳定性的因素、组织蛋白酶A、B、D、H和L的特性及其在肌肉成熟中的作用。     

猪Cathepsin B基因和Cystatin B基因mRNA表达的发育性变化及组织差异

 【目的】研究猪肉嫩度性状候选基因-组织蛋白酶B（cathepsin B,CTSB）和半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制素B（cystatin B,CSTB）在体内不同组织、不同发育阶段的表达变化规律,为研究嫩度性状的遗传调控机理提供依据。【方法】采用荧光探针RT-PCR,定量分析CTSB和CSTB mRNA在两个品种猪的多个组织、多个发育时间点的表达量。【结果】RT-PCR结果表明,CTSB和CSTB mRNA表达量最高的组织为肾脏,心肌和骨骼肌中表达丰度低,股四头肌CSTB mRNA表达量极显著高于背最长肌。CTSB mRNA表达量在0～5月龄长白猪和梅山猪背最长肌中表现出先升高后降低的变化趋势,梅山猪峰值出现较早,并在4月龄后再次出现急剧上升。CSTB mRNA表达量在梅山猪中表现出生初期较高,随后逐渐降低的表达模式,长白猪的表达模式则为出生后表达量急剧升高,2月龄达到峰值,随后逐渐降低。2品种猪背最长肌组织CTSB和CSTB mRNA表达量表现出显著正相关。【结论】CTSB和CSTB mRNA表达量受到组织、发育阶段和品种影响,2基因mRNA表达量呈显著正相关。     

小麦TaCTSB基因在小麦-条锈菌互作中的功能研究

为明确小麦组织蛋白酶B基因TaCTSB在小麦与条锈菌互作中的功能,采用PCR技术扩增获得TaCTSB基因的完整编码区序列;通过qRT-PCR技术检测TaCTSB基因的表达情况;利用农杆菌介导瞬时表达体系在烟草叶片上进行亚细胞定位,并验证其是否能够诱导细胞坏死;利用VIGS技术瞬时沉默TaCTSB,解析其对小麦与条锈菌互作的影响。结果表明,TaCTSB基因编码344个氨基酸,N端含有1~19 aa的信号肽,无跨膜结构;qRT-PCR结果显示,TaCTSB基因在小麦与条锈菌非亲和互作早期上调表达。瞬时表达分析发现,烟草叶片上瞬时表达TaCTSB基因能够诱导细胞坏死,且质壁分离后TaCTSB分泌到细胞外。在TaCTSB瞬时沉默植株上接种条锈菌毒性小种CYR31,产孢量变化不显著;而接种条锈菌无毒性小种CYR23,产孢量升高;组织细胞学观察发现,在小麦叶片中瞬时沉默TaCTSB,其活性氧面积和坏死面积显著下降,菌丝面积及菌丝长度均有所增加,表明沉默TaCTSB减弱了小麦对条锈菌的抗性。     

Immunoreactivity of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 2 alpha in mouse pancreatic islet cells

Cells of the pancreatic islets produce several molecules including insulin (beta cells), glucagon (alpha cells), somatostatin (delta cells), pancreatic polypeptide (PP cells), ghrelin (epsilon cells), serotonin (enterochromaffin cells), gastrin (G cells) and small granules of unknown content secreted by the P/D1 cells. Secretion mechanism of some of these molecules is still poorly understood. However, Cathepsin L is shown to regulate insulin exocytosis in beta cells and activate the trypsinogen produced by the pancreatic serous acini cells into trypsin. The structure of the propeptide region of Cathepsin L is homologous to Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-2 alpha (CTLA-2 alpha) which is also shown to exhibit selective inhibitory activities against Cathepsin L. It was thought that if CTLA-2 alpha was expressed in the pancreas; then, it would be an important regulator of protease activation and insulin secretion. The purpose of this study was, therefore, to examine by immunohistochemistry the cellular localization and distribution pattern of CTLA-2 alpha in the pancreas. Results showed that strong immunoreactivity was specifically detected in the pancreatic islets (endocrine pancreas) but not in the exocrine pancreas and pancreatic stroma. Immunostaining was further performed to investigate more on localization of Cathepsin L in the pancreas. Strong immunoreactivity for Cathepsin L was detected in the pancreatic islets, serous cells and the pancreas duct system. These findings suggest that CTLA-2 alpha may be involved in the proteolytic processing and secretion of insulin through regulation of Cathepsin L and that the regulated inhibition of Cathepsin L may have therapeutic potential for type 1 diabetes.