基于固相萃取的粮油产品前处理技术研究进展

粮油是人类生存的必需品,提供了人体不可缺少的三大基本营养素。粮油质量安全是国家重视、消费者关心的热点问题,检测是保证粮油产品消费安全的重要抓手。固相萃取是从粮油样品中提取待测物的重要手段,萃取材料是决定提取分离效率的关键因素。本文主要综述了基于固相萃取的粮油产品前处理技术研究进展,讨论了不同材料的优势及不足,并对粮油产品检测中新型萃取材料发展趋势进行了展望。     

A New Simple Method for the Evaluation of Mineral Elements in Different Oilseeds

A method for the analysis of seven mineral contents—that is, potassium (K), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)—was investigated in some oilseeds like flax, sesame, pumpkin, quinoa, and yellow mustard. X-ray Spectral Analysis method with Spectrometer EDX-900HS was used for the analytical concentrations of the macro and micro elements of the oilseeds. A relatively high level of Zn content was found in sesame and pumpkin seeds, while the highest level of Fe content was found in mustard seeds. Regarding the macro elements (K, Ca, and P) content, the highest levels of concentration were found in flax and mustard seeds. The highest values of Cu were obtained in sesame seeds while those of Mn were in pumpkin and brown flax seeds. The results showed that the method is a reliable and simple analytical procedure to characterize mineral elements in oilseeds with a very high analytical performance.     

Boron fertilization improves seed yield and harvest index of Camelina sativa L. by affecting source-sink

The impact of soil (1, 2 kg ha^?1) and foliar (100, 200 mg L^?1) boron (B) with control (no B) was evaluated on phenology and yield formation of Camelina each applied at stem elongation and flowering stages. Foliar (200 mg L^?1) or soil B (2 kg ha^?1) resulted in earlier flowering and maturity, increased fruit bearing branches (19.68%), number of siliqua, seeds per siliqua (4.6%), biological yield (15%), seed yield (24%), harvest index (11.4%) and oil contents (23%) than no B. Increased fruit bearing branches, seed filled siliqua or seed numbers, harvest index and oil quality can be attributed to changes in dry matter accumulated of stem with simultaneous increase in siliqua dry weight with foliar or soil applied B. In crux, foliar (200 mg L^?1) or soil applied (2 kg ha^?1) B seems promising to improve seed and oil yield, harvest index of Camelina sativa under B deficient condition.     

油料加工和综合利用技术研究进展

油料作物是油脂和蛋白质的重要来源,在保证油脂和蛋白质的有效供给、改善食物结构、促进养殖业和加工业发展等诸方面均居重要地位。目前改变不利于人类健康的油料加工工艺,优化有效精炼过程,减少废弃物并对其进行无害化、资源化处理,开发高附加值油料加工产品,都对油料加工产业提出越来越高要求。概述了油脂加工工艺技术、油料饼粕利用技术、油料资源化利用技术和油料脂质活性成分利用技术的研究进展以及存在的问题, 展望了今后的发展方向和思路, 以期为油料加工和综合利用技术的发展提供参考。     

粮谷油籽中残毒的检测

本法经实用试验,对玉米、糙米、黄大豆和花生等粮谷、油籽中氯苯胺残留量的检定,采用试样甲醇提取,经与正己烷液液分配,再以弗罗里硅土柱净化,毛细管柱气相色谱－－氮磷检测器测定,检出限０．０２μｇ／ｇ,添加剂率为８７．５％￣９２。９％,相对标准偏差为３．５％￣７．０％。方法简便,快速而准确。     

当前我国油料产业安全形势分析与政策建议

油料产业就是从油料生产、加工到销售、贸易等一系列经济活动的多元性主体产业。我国油脂油料产品进口依存度过高,加工和销售领域受外资控制程度高,油料生产水平较低,使得国内油脂油料产品价格容易受到国际市场价格波动的影响和外资控制,国家对油脂油料市场价格的调控能力减弱;国内油脂油料产品的市场供应也无法在数量上和安全性上得到保障。总之,我国油料产业安全程度低。要提高我国油料产业安全水平,就需要在种植生产环节提高油料产品的国际竞争力,在油料加工环节提高本土企业的竞争力,降低对油料油脂产品的进口依赖程度,建立油料产业安全评估机制。     

Turning Meat,Poultry, Eggs,and Dairy Products into Nutraceuticals,Part Three: The Literature of Animal Nutrition Approaches to Increasing Conjugated Linoleic Acid Levels in Eggs,Fluid Milk,Cheese, Yogurt,and Butter as a Part of a Value-Added Functional Foods Strategy

In the first of this three-part series of articles, the debate in the clinical literature over the reality or extent of particular positive health benefits of a putative nutraceutical, conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs), in human subjects was reviewed. In the second part, we explored the means by which animal scientists and farmers—responding as much to annual sales in the hundreds of millions of dollars in health food stores of seed oil capsules rich in CLAs, as opposed to any conclusive clinical science—are aggressively pursuing ways to feed livestock and fowl that would naturally increase the concentration of CLAs per conventional consumer dietary portions of beef, lamb, goat, pork, and broiler chicken meat so as to be to be marketed as functional foods. In this third and final installment, animal nutrition means of enhancing CLAs in eggs and in fluid milk, cheese, yogurts, and butter are recorded. As in the prior parts of this series, the core journals covering this third chapter in the CLA research story are identified for agricultural and food science librarians.     

A novel crop water analysis system: identification of water stress tolerant genotypes of canola (Brassica napus L.) using non‐invasive magnetic turgor pressure probes

Changing global climatic conditions and irrigation water shortages impose water stress conditions on crops. To develop genotypes tolerant to water stress necessitates reliable high‐throughput methods to study plant water status and water stress tolerance mechanisms. We report the use of a non‐destructive, automated, precise and rapid system for assessing real‐time water status in canola plants. Leaf patch clamp pressure probes were clamped on the leaves of four different genotypes of canola grown under field conditions. The data generated diurnal curves characterizing the pattern of turgor pressure maintenance within the leaves. A novel methodology termed ‘inverse hysteresis’ was developed to measure relative water stress levels in plants using the probe‐derived data. The inverse hysteresis data show that genotypes CT12 and CT15 had a higher ability to withstand water stress and were more tolerant to water stress than DS23 and DS35. The chlorophyll content and seed yield were also higher in CT12 and CT15. This novel analytical tool for monitoring water status in canola plants will be of great benefit in other crop species to efficiently screen genotypes for water stress tolerance.     

油脂检测技术的发展现状

随着科学技术和检测仪器的发展,多种快速、灵敏、可视化的检测仪器已被广泛运用到对油料和油脂的检测过程中。综述了快速、简便、灵敏、准确的检测技术,主观检测指标客观化的检测技术,油脂品质多指标同时测定技术在国内外油料、油脂检测中应用的最新进展。     

奶牛日粮中添加油料籽实对牛奶品质的影响

选取年龄、体重、胎次、泌乳期和泌乳量基本一致的荷斯坦黑白花奶牛12头，随机分为3组，每组4头，第1组为添加胡麻组，胡麻的添加量为750g／d、头：第2组为添加棉籽组，棉籽的添加量为1000g／a、头；第3组为对照组，不添加任何油料，进行了日粮中添加油料籽实对奶牛产奶量及乳成分的影响研究，试验期共50d，其中预试期为15d，正试期为35d。研究结果表明，添加胡麻籽与棉籽分别提高4％FCM产奶量3．7％和3.5％，但两组与对照组之间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。添加胡麻籽与棉籽均不同程度的提高乳脂率，胡麻组提高6．4％，棉籽组提高1．7％，但两组与对照组之间差异均不显著（P〉0．05）。胡麻组与棉籽组的乳蛋白率与对照组相比分别下降了1．9％和6．4％，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。乳糖率两个试验组均比对照组下降了0．8％，差异不显著（P〉0．05）。乳中干物质胡麻组高于对照组，棉籽组略低于对照组，但差异不显著（P〉0．05）。