Effect of anaesthesia on cell-mediated immunity in dogs undergoing mastectomy for mammary cancer

ObjectiveTo investigate if anaesthesia for canine cancer mastectomy further influences host cell-mediated immunity (CMI) promoting cancer progression.Study designA randomized, controlled, blinded clinical study.AnimalsA total of 20 bitches with malignant mammary tumours of clinical stage II or III undergoing the same type of mastectomy (regional mastectomy).MethodsDogs were randomly allocated to one of two anaesthetic groups (10 per group). The anaesthetic protocol of group A used minimally immunosuppressive drugs (tramadol, robenacoxib, propofol), whereas that of group B (control) used more immunosuppressive drugs (morphine, fentanyl, thiopental, isoflurane). For each animal, measurements of white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils and lymphocytes, and flow cytometric assessment of T cells (CD3⁺), helper T cells (CD4⁺), cytotoxic T cells (CD8⁺) and CD5^low+ T cells were performed prior to anaesthesia (day 0) and on days 3 and 10 postsurgery. Data were analysed using a General Linear Model for repeated measures and presented as mean ± standard deviation, p ≤ 0.05.ResultsIn all animals, on day 3, WBCs and neutrophils were significantly increased (p < 0.0005), while flow cytometry revealed significantly decreased relative percentages of T cells (CD3⁺) (p = 0.003) and their subpopulations CD4⁺ (p = 0.006), CD8⁺ (p = 0.029) and CD5^low+ (p = 0.031). Specifically, on day 3, the cytotoxic T cells (CD8⁺) were significantly decreased (p = 0.05) only in group B, whereas the CD4⁺ (p = 0.006) and CD5^low+ (p = 0.008) T cells in group A. The only significant difference between groups was found preoperatively in the CD4⁺/CD8⁺ ratio, which was higher in group A (p = 0.006).Conclusions and clinical relevanceIn dogs with mammary cancer undergoing regional mastectomy, a significant decrease in components of CMI was observed on day 3 postsurgery in both anaesthetic groups. Some indication, however, for better preserved cellular immunity by less immunosuppressive anaesthetic/analgesic drugs was detected, rendering their use advisable.     

Maternal Antibody Protected Chicks from Growth Retardation and Immunosuppression Induced by Early Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Infection

To determine if the maternal antibody from breeders vaccinated with cell culture-adapted reticuloendotheliosis virus （REV） could protect chicks from early REV infection, one-day-old chicks with or without anti-REV maternal antibodies were inoculated with REV, and then their growth rates and antibody titers to Newcastle disease virus （NDV） and avian influenza virus （AIV）, after vaccination with inactivated vaccines, were compared. This study indicated that REV infection could cause growth retardation and severely inhibit immune reactions to inactivated vaccines against NDV and Avian influenza virus （AIV, H9 and H5） in one-day-old broilers without maternal antibodies specific to REV. Maternal antibody from breeders vaccinated with an attenuated REV vaccine effectively protected REV-challenged birds from growth retardation and immunosuppression on antibody reactions to NDV and AIV vaccines. Four weeks after vaccination, the HI titers to NDV, AIV-H9, and AIV-H5 in maternal antibody positive and negative groups were 3.36 ＋- 2.04 versus 1.58± 1.69 （P〈0.01）, 6.27±3.87 versus 0.71 ± 1.60 （P〈0.01）, and 6.72±3.92 versus 0.54± 1.44 （P〈0.01）. Maternal antibodies from breeders vaccinated with REV vaccine could successfully protect chicks from REV infection and effectively prevent REV-induced growth retardation and immunosuppression in antibody responses to NDV and AIV.     

围产期奶牛免疫抑制发生原因及其缓解的营养对策

奶牛围产期一般是指产前3周至产后3周这一时期,此时奶牛生理、代谢和免疫功能发生显著变化,会出现不同程度的免疫抑制现象。由于免疫功能下降,此时也是传染病的高发期,严重影响奶牛健康,进而导致产后牛奶品质下降。因此,如何缓解围产期奶牛免疫抑制状态,降低产后的发病率,已成为目前研究的一个热点。本文综述了围产期奶牛发生免疫抑制的原因及用于缓解的营养对策。     

虫草素对OVA免疫小鼠的体内免疫抑制活性研究

探讨虫草素体内对OVA小鼠免疫功能的抑制作用。通过建立OVA小鼠模型,发现虫草素(10、20、40 mg·kg-1)能够显著地抑制ConA,LPS和OVA诱导的小鼠脾细胞增殖。同时,虫草素还能够显著抑制OVA免疫小鼠的OVA特异性IgG、IgG1和IgG2a的抗体效价水平。表明虫草素能够抑制机体的细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,其机制可能是直接抑制T、B淋巴细胞的增殖。     

昆虫病原线虫致病机制研究进展

昆虫病原线虫与体内细菌共生,专性寄生在昆虫体内,在害虫生物防治中发挥着重要作用。昆虫病原线虫致病性研究是其高效应用的基础,涉及线虫及其共生细菌对昆虫的交互作用。本文针对斯氏属和异小杆属线虫的致病因子及这类线虫与寄主昆虫互作机制进行了综述,为昆虫病原线虫的致病机制研究和应用提供参考。     

PRRSV对猪树突细胞可溶性CD83释放影响的分析

为研究猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)感染是否促进猪树突细胞可溶性CD83(sCD83)的释放,在体外用PRRSV感染猪树突细胞,通过ELISA检测了树突细胞培养基sCD83的含量,结果显示PRRSV可明显提高猪树突细胞培养基sCD83的含量,表明PRRSV促进树突细胞sCD83的释放。为研究PRRSV对猪树突细胞CD83表达的影响,用RT-PCR和流式细胞术分别检测了细胞CD83mRNA的水平和细胞膜CD83的含量。结果显示PRRSV可提高猪树突细胞CD83 mRNA的水平,然而对细胞膜CD83的含量影响不大,说明PRRSV促进sCD83释放的作用高于刺激CD83表达的作用,致使膜结合的CD83保持较低的水平。PRRSV诱导树突细胞sCD83的释放为探讨PRRSV感染引起免疫抑制提供了重要的线索。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒感染抑制猪瘟疫苗的免疫应答

对20日龄SPF猪和20日龄猪繁殖与呼吸综合征（PRRS）血清阳性猪，人工感染猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒（PRRSV）北京分离株（BJ－4）后48h接种猪瘟疫苗，利用ELISA方法检测仔猪针对PRRSV和猪瘟疫苗的体液免疫，利用MTS法检测仔猪外周血单核细胞对有丝分裂原ConA的刺激反应。结果表明，不论是SPF仔猪还是带有PRRSV抗体的仔猪，在鼻内接种PRRSV后48h接种猪瘟疫苗，其对猪瘟疫苗的抗体反应显著低于对照组，对有丝分裂原ConA的刺激反应也下降。由此说明，PRRSV感染使仔猪对猪瘟疫苗的免疫应答受到抑制。     

用免疫抑制小鼠快速培育抗苏拉明伊氏锥虫

将伊氏锥虫克隆ＪＧｍｃ５用环磷酰胺处理的免疫抑制小鼠频繁地连续传代，并予以亚治疗剂量的苏拉明治疗，连续传代１４次，历时８８日，即获得对苏拉明具有高水平抗药性的伊氏锥虫群体。在用免疫活性正常的健康小鼠测定抗药性时，此抗苏拉明锥虫群体仍保持高水平的抗药性，ＣＤ１００＞４００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。在以体外药敏试验测定时，其ＩＣ５０为１２３．２μｇ／ｍｌ。实验结果表明，宿主免疫系统的损害，在实验条件下，可导致伊氏锥虫迅速产生抗药性。在野外条件下，机体免疫系统的损害对锥虫抗药性的产生可能也起一定作用。     

隐孢子虫感染动物模型研究进展

隐孢子虫病可致人和多种动物的腹泻等症状,是一种人兽共患原虫病,给人类生命安全带来严重威胁,也给畜牧业带来巨大的损失。建立隐孢子虫的感染动物模型对研究隐孢子虫致病机理、免疫及筛选有效的治疗药物等均具有重要意义。文章就隐孢子虫卵囊的分离与纯化、试验用动物的选择、动物模型的建立方法及影响因素等研究做一综述,介绍了隐孢子虫感染动物模型的研究现状,并对该技术的发展前景进行了分析展望。