The dimpling bug,Campylomma austrina Malipatil (Hemiptera: Miridae): the damage and its relationship with ants in mango orchards in the Northern Territory of Australia

The dimpling bug, Campylomma austrina Malipatil, has been recognised since 2002 as a serious mango pest in the Northern Territory, Australia. To fully understand the damage the bug causes and its relationship with ants, field experiments were conducted in five mango orchards in the Darwin area from 2001 to 2003 along with laboratory rearing trials. The latter revealed that the dimpling bug sucked sap mainly from the ovary of the flowers. As the ovary ripened, each puncture resulted in a black pimple on the skin of the marble-sized fruit (<5 mm in diameter). All of the most heavily damaged marble-sized fruits (>10 pimples/fruitlet) dropped from the trees. A field survey and field experiments showed that marble-sized fruit damage levels on trees bearing abundant weaver ants, Oecophylla smaragdina Fabricius, were similar to those protected by chemical insecticides, however both suffered less damage than trees bearing fewer or no weaver ants or black ants, Iridomyrmex sp. We propose that the weaver ant is an efficient bio-control agent of the dimpling bug, and to limit the bug damage, high levels of weaver ant populations are required in mango orchards.     

Implications of on-farm research for local knowledge related to fruit flies and the weaver ant Oecophylla longinoda in mango production

We interviewed half of the mango-growers in northern Benin, including 15 farmers involved in a regional fruit fly project, and held focus group discussions with women fruit-pickers. They were asked about pest management and their knowledge of a weaver ant, Oecophylla longinoda. All considered low yields due to fruit flies to be the principal constraint upon mango production, estimating economic losses to be between 20 and 45%. None could recognize damage during the first 2 days after fruit fly egg deposition. On-farm research persuaded farmers to stop using insecticides and it also changed negative perceptions of Oecophylla. Over 80% of the farmers involved in on-farm research, compared to 25% of those not involved, reported Oecophylla to be beneficial. All fruit-pickers knew that ants protected mango from fruit flies, with 60% attributing better mango quality in terms of appearance, shelf-life and sweetness to the presence of Oecophylla. Nevertheless, 40% of the pickers still considered weaver ants a nuisance pest during harvest. Ways of reducing this nuisance need to be developed for Oecophylla to gain wider acceptance by mango-growers.     

拟输日本芒果蒸热杀虫处理试验研究

用蒸热处理的方法,可杀死接入鲜芒果中的桔小实蝇Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ（Ｂａｃｔｒｏｃｅｒａ）ｄｏｒｓａｌｉｓ（Ｈｅｎｄｅｌ）的卵和幼虫。经测定,１龄幼虫较２４ｈ卵和２～３龄幼虫对蒸热高温更具忍耐力。在蒸热果实中心温度升至４７℃时,保持１０ｍｉｎ,可将４９６０２．６头２龄幼虫完全杀死。处理试验的结果,完全符合日本政府的植物检疫要求。     

有机芒果质量安全标准研究

简要分析了影响有机芒果质量安全的因素,对提高芒果品质和质量安全的有机生产措施进行了探讨,包括产地环境、品种和苗木、肥料及施肥、植保产品等生产投入品的选择,在百色田阳进行0.667 hm2基地小试,生产的芒果中铅、砷和六六六等14种农残均为未检出,汞、镉等重金属含量0.001～0.006 mg/kg。对有机芒果品质和质量安全指标进行了探讨,并制定了有机芒果产品的广西地方标准。     

肉桂醛乳油防治芒果炭疽病及对芒果保鲜的效果

芒果炭疽病是芒果的主要病害之一,对多菌灵等传统杀菌剂具有抗药性。就自配的20%肉桂醛乳油对芒果炭疽病的田间防治及离体保鲜效果进行研究,结果表明,20%肉桂醛乳油对芒果炭疽病的防治效果为36.38%,低于施保克(咪鲜胺)的44.50%,但比传统杀菌剂多菌灵的防治效果好。同时,20%肉桂醛乳油可以显著减轻芒果采后病害的发生。     

Natural Enemies of the Frankliniella Complex Species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in Ataulfo Mango Agroecosystems

A field survey was conducted in Ataulfo mango (Mangifera indica L.) orchards in Chiapas, Mexico, with the objective of determining the natural enemies of the Frankliniella complex species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Seven species of this genus feed and reproduce in large numbers during the mango flowering. Two representative orchards were selected: the orchard “Tres A” characterized by an intensive use of agrochemicals directed against thrips, and the orchard “La Escondida” that did not spray insecticides. During mango flowering, five inflorescences were randomly collected every 5 d in both orchards, for a total of 18 sampling dates. Results revealed the presence of 18 species of arthropods that were found predating on Frankliniella. There were 11 species in the families Aeolothripidae, Phlaeothripidae, Formicidae, Anthocoridae and Chrysopidae; and seven species of spiders in the families Araneidae, Tetragnathidae, and Uloboridae. Over 88% of predators were anthocorids, including, Paratriphleps sp. (Champion), Orius insidiosus (Say), Orius tristicolor (White), and O. perpunctatus (Reuter). The orchard that did not spray insecticides had a significantly higher number of predators suggesting a negative effect of the insecticides on the abundance of these organisms.     

苯醚甲环唑对采后芒果的保鲜研究

通过浸果处理,研究了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对采后芒果的防腐保鲜效果的影响。结果表明:经有效成分质量浓度为200和300 mg/L的苯醚甲环唑处理后,经常温(25℃)和低温(13℃)贮藏的芒果均表现出发病率降低、好果率增加、转黄时间被推迟及果实失重率下降的现象;处理组芒果硬度、可溶性固形物、总糖、可滴定酸及VC的含量均明显高于对照,表明使用10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂进行芒果保鲜处理,除可明显延长芒果贮藏时间并提高贮藏保鲜效果外,还能较好地保持果实的风味和营养品质。其中,200 mg/L浓度处理的芒果防腐保鲜效果显著好于300 mg/L的处理。     

不同用量有机肥对芒果果实品质及土壤肥力的影响

通过田间小区试验,研究了不同用量有机肥处理对芒果果实品质及果园土壤肥力的影响,旨在为生产上芒果科学施肥提供技术支持。结果表明:与不施有机肥处理(CK)比较,增施有机肥处理使果实可溶性固形物含量提高10.1%~21.6%、Vc含量提高3.1%~38.4%、可滴定酸含量下降6.6%~16.0%、固酸比提高17.9%~44.9%。增施有机肥提高了土壤有机质、全N、有效P、速效K、交换性Ca、交换性Mg、电导率及p H值,促进土壤肥力水平的提升。综合比较,以T2处理(有机肥7.5 kg/株+尿素400 g/株+高钾复合肥1.25 kg/株)对改善果实品质和改良土壤性状效果最好。     

杧果新品种‘桂热芒4号’

‘桂热芒4号’是从实生后代中选育出的杧果新品种。果实卵状椭圆形,汁多,味芳香,蜜甜,肉质细滑,平均单果质量382 g,表现质优,结实早,丰产稳产,成龄树产量26 712 ~ 32 054.4 kg · hm^-2。     

云南河口芒果主要病虫害发生规律调查及害虫天敌种类研究

通过对湿热地区云南河口县芒果园内的5种主要病虫害发生规律进行调查,根据调查情况对芒果白粉病、炭疽病,芒果横线尾夜蛾、芒果切叶象甲、桔小实蝇等5种发生程度较重的病虫害进行发生危害情况的相关分析,同时对云南河口地区芒果害虫天敌进行搜集、调查及鉴定,调查鉴定结果表明：共有天敌昆虫24种,其中寄生性天敌11种,分属于2目5科;捕食性天敌昆虫21种,分属于5目8科。调查结果对于生产上科学制定芒果病虫害防治措施具有重要的意义。