芒果饼干制作配方的研究

以芒果和低筋面粉为主要原料制作芒果饼干,通过正交试验优化主要原辅料的配比,确定芒果饼干的最佳配方为:低筋面粉56.82%,芒果浆25%,鸡蛋9.09%,白砂糖9.09%。以此配方制得的芒果饼干色泽金黄光亮,口感甜美酥脆,具有芒果特有的香气与营养。     

计算机视觉在芒果品质检测中的应用研究

传统的芒果分级采用人工观察和化学分析方法,无法适应产业的发展。随着科学的进步,人们开发出多种无损检测和分级技术以提高水果的市场竞争力,但受检测和分级设备的限制,目前的相关研究都停留在试验阶段。为此,设计了一种基于计算机视觉的芒果品质检测方法,拍摄芒果图像后利用自适应Canny算法获取目标区域的边缘,以大小、颜色和表面缺陷反映芒果的品质,并基于BP神经网络实现对芒果的分级。仿真试验表明:计算机视觉对芒果品质分级的准确率超过93%,处理单张图像平均耗时0.8s,可以用于芒果品质的实时检测和在线分级。     

调节栽培技术条件下土施多效唑对四季蜜杧反季节开花结果的综合效应

在春季施肥、修剪的情况下,在2005年6月11日,对四年生四季蜜杧单株分别用1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0 g多效唑进行土施处理,结果表明,3.0 g/株处理和4.0 g/株处理的四季蜜杧8月份成花率显著高于对照的,3.0 g/株处理的成花率最高,为87.0%。处理剂量达到或超过3.0 g/株时,叶片变短、变窄,叶片数增加,但枝条长度未受影响。单花序花期9～10 d,开花前期两性花比例高,后期低,2.0 g/株处理的两性花比例最高。从多效唑对四季蜜杧成花率、坐果率、产量以及叶片正常发育等方面的综合影响来看,以2.0 g/株处理的效果较好。     

Allelopathic potential and an allelopathic substance in mango leaves

The present study was aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of mango (Mangifera indica L.) leaves and to identify allelopathic substances in the leaves. The aqueous methanol extracts of mango leaves inhibited seedling growth of garden cress, radish, rapeseed, foxtail fescue and crabgrass, and the inhibitory effects increased with the increasing extract concentration, suggesting that mango leaves may contain allelopathic substances. The extract was then purified by several chromatographic runs through a bioassay-directed fractionation, and an growth inhibitory substance was isolated and identified by spectral data as methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate (methyl gallate). Methyl gallate at the concentration of 10 mM inhibited 98.6% and 99.8% of root and shoot growth of garden cress relative to the control, respectively, and 94.4% and 49.3% of those of foxtail fescue, respectively. The concentrations of methyl gallate required for 50% growth inhibition (I₅₀) on garden cress roots and shoots were 3.9 and 3.3 mM, and those on foxtail fescue roots and shoots were 1.5 and 9.5 mM, respectively. It is the first report of an allelopathic substance in mango leaves and allelopathic activity of methyl gallate. Therefore, the mango leaves may have potential as a soil additive material for the weed management options.     

Diagnostic Leaf Nutrient Norms and Identification of Yield-Limiting Nutrients of Mango in Eastern Plateau and Hill Region of India

The leaf nutritional status of mango orchards was assessed using diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS). The DRIS norms, which showed higher variance and lower coefficients of variation, are found to have greater diagnostic precision. As per DRIS indices, a relative deficiency for magnesium, zinc, and boron corresponding to relative sufficiency for calcium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and potassium was detected in 9-year-old mango orchards. For the younger orchards (6–7 year old), the order of requirement of nutrients was found to be calcium > sulfur > potassium > boron > nitrogen > phosphorus > magnesium > zinc. Boron was found as the most yield-limiting elements in all age group of plants. When the DRIS indices were compared on the basis of soil pH, calcium and magnesium were most yield-limiting nutrients below pH 5.5, while nitrogen, zinc, and boron were found to be most limiting above pH 5.5.     

一种危害杧果幼果的瘿蚊科害虫

杧幼果普瘿蚊(Procontarinia frugivora Gagné)是目前已知唯一危害杧果果实的地区性害虫,国内尚未发生分布。本文综述了其分类地位、地理分布、成虫形态特征、生物学特性、传播途径等,讨论了其经济重要性及防治对策,提出了进境检疫鉴定方法,以期为进境检疫工作提供参考。     

帕拉英达芒果叶片养分变化规律及营养诊断

[目的]分析帕拉英达芒果叶片养分含量的变化规律,为确定芒果营养诊断指标及指导其科学施肥提供参考依据.[方法]选择云南保山地区管理规范且高产芒果园中长势正常的帕拉英达芒果树进行随机采样,分析第1蓬叶中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硫6种养分含量,根据各养分含量的年离均差、变异系数和年份间稳定性,确定进行叶片养分诊断的适宜采样时期和诊断指标.[结果]帕拉英达芒果叶片中氮、钙、镁和硫含量在2013~2015年的1月变异系数最小,分别为9.46%、22.76%、1.84%和3.58%,1月适宜作为帕拉英达芒果叶片营养诊断的采样时间,其营养诊断指标为:氮含量12.68~15.34 g/kg,磷含量1.05~1.19 g/kg,钾含量4.88~8.92 g/kg,钙含量14.10~22.40 g/kg,镁含量2.13~2.21 g/kg,硫含量1.24~1.34 g/kg.[结论]在云南保山地区,宜在每年1月采集第1蓬叶进行帕拉英达芒果叶片营养诊断.     

5种入侵植物提取物对2种芒果病原真菌的抑制作用

以马缨丹(Lantana camara Linn.)、薇甘菊(Mikania micrantha Kunth.)、含羞草(Mimosa pudica Linn.)、假臭草(Praxelis clematidea Cassini.)和三裂叶蟛蜞菊(Wedelia trilobata(L.)Hitchc.)为材料,采用菌丝生长速率法研究这5种入侵植物乙醇提取物对芒果炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides和蒂腐菌Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat的抑菌活性,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析假臭草的主要抑菌物质。菌丝生长速率法的实验结果表明:5种入侵植物提取液对2种病原真菌均具有抑菌活性,且抑菌效果随浓度的增加而增强;其中马缨丹提取物对蒂腐菌抑制效果最好,其EC50为10.39 g·L~(-1),假臭草提取液对炭疽菌和蒂腐菌均有较强的抑菌效果,EC_(50)分别为14.70 g·L~(-1)和14.77 g·L~(-1)。采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法分析鉴定了假臭草提取物中的14种化学成分,其中4,5,6,7-四甲氧基黄酮、熊果苷和1,2,4-环己三醇这3种物质占总含量的81.85%。     

避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温湿度及果实品质的影响

[目的]分析避雨栽培对台农一号芒果园温度、湿度及果实品质的影响,为我国南方多雨地区开展芒果避雨栽培提供理论依据.[方法]搭建简易大棚,对3年生台农一号芒从开花前期至采果结束进行全程避雨栽培,以露地栽培为对照(CK),观测棚内外温度和湿度的日变化情况,测定分析芒果采后相关生理指标及病害发生情况.[结果]避雨栽培模式下,芒果冠层日均温度比露地提高0.7℃,日均相对湿度较露地降低6.0%.避雨栽培模式下果实外表光洁,平均单果重比露地栽培提高14.00 g,采后病害发生率较露地降低33.5%(绝对值,下同).果实品质分析结果显示,避雨栽培模式下芒果的可滴定酸含量较露地降低0.012 mg/100 gFW,维生素C(Vc)含量提高0.01 mg/100 gFW,可溶性固形物含量升高1.20%.[结论]避雨栽培可有效提高大棚内台农一号芒果树冠层温度、降低湿度,有利于降低芒果果实采后贮存期的病害发生程度,提高果实品质,适合在我国南方多雨的芒果种植区推广应用.