翻心型大白菜新品种连狮1 号的选育

连狮1 号是以连云港地区菜农提供的中狮头自留种为原始种，经4 代自交提纯选育成的大白菜新品种。株型紧凑， 整齐度较好，叶球为长筒翻心形，叶片呈长倒卵形，叶表面具有较深核桃纹并带稀疏茸毛。株高35 cm，外叶数约10 片， 叶球高28～32 cm、横径22～27 cm，单个叶球质量3.5～4.0 kg，每667 m² 叶球产量4 700 kg 左右，净菜率达83%。生育期 为90～95 d（天），田间抗病毒病、霜霉病、根肿病能力优于对照中狮头，适合在江苏、安徽、山东等地及其相近气候条件 地区秋季种植。     

厚壳贻贝5-羟色胺2A受体(5-HT2AR)基因克隆和时空表达

为探究5-羟色胺2A受体（5-HT 2A receptor， 5-HT2AR）基因在海水贝类生长发育中的作用，本研究通过RACE技术和实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）克隆了厚壳贻贝5-HT2AR 基因的cDNA全长，并分析该基因的时空表达。结果显示，5-HT2AR基因全长2 636 bp，开放阅读框（ORF）2 124 bp，共编码707个氨基酸。序列分析结果显示该序列与人、小鼠、斑马鱼、长牡蛎和虾夷扇贝等物种分别具有45%、45%、48%、49%和67%的同源性。厚壳贻贝雌雄成体各组织和器官中均有5-HT2AR基因表达，雄性中的鳃表达量最高，而在雌性鳃、外套膜和性腺中的表达稍高于其他组织和器官；推测该基因可能与厚壳贻贝的摄食、对外界环境的感知及促进卵母细胞成熟有关。5-HT2AR基因在厚壳贻贝各发育阶段均有表达，且稚贝的表达量为眼点幼虫的1.4倍，推测5-HT2AR基因可能参与了调控厚壳贻贝幼虫的生长发育过程。本研究为进一步了解5-HT基因家族在双壳贝类中的功能奠定了基础。     

Trx-1 over-expression attenuates oxidative stress injury in MPP+ -induced PC12 cells by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway

AIM:To investigate the inhibitory effect of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) over-expression on oxidative stress injury in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.METHODS:The PC12 cells were damaged by treatment with MPP⁺ at 1, 3 and 5 mmol/L, and the optimal concentration of 3 mmol/L was selected. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The oxidative stress indexes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the cell culture supernatant were detected, and the protein expression of Trx-1 was determined by Western blot. Lentiviral infection with Ad-Trx-1-GFP sequence was used to establish a model of MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells with Trx-1 over-expression. The effects of Trx-1 over-expression on the cell viability, oxidative stress responses and NF-κB signaling pathway were determined by MTT assay, commercial kits and Western blot. The effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), an activator of NF-κB signaling pathway, on the viability and oxidative stress of PC12 cells were observed. The NF-κB signaling pathway inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) was used in MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells with Trx-1 over-expression, and the cell viability and oxidative stress responses were measured. RESULTS:The viability of PC12 cells, SOD activity in the supernatant and protein expression of Trx-1 were decreased, while LDH activity and MDA content in the supernatant were increased significantly by treatment with MPP⁺ at 1, 3 and 5 mmol/L. The effect of MPP⁺ at 3 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L was significantly greater than that at 1 mmol/L (P<0.05), and no significant difference between 3 mmol/L and 5 mmol/L was observed (P>0.05). The inhibitory effect of MPP⁺ on the viability of PC12 cells, and the oxidative stress injury and activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by MPP⁺ were significantly attenuated by over-expression of Trx-1. The inhibitory effect of MPP⁺ on the viability of PC12 cells and the oxidative stress injury induced by MPP⁺ were promoted by the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway, while the protective effects of Trx-1 over-expression on the MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells were enhanced by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. CONCLUSION:Over-expression of Trx-1 protects MPP⁺-treated PC12 cells from oxidative stress injury by regulating NF-κB signaling pathway.     

Effects of antimicrobial peptides on growth,morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

A 60‐day feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of different levels (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) of antimicrobial peptides on growth, protease activity of foregut, the morphology of foregut villi and related genes mRNA expression level in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The results showed that the feed of antimicrobial peptides promote common carp growth, and the optimal dosage of antimicrobial peptides is 200–333 mg/kg in the common carp feed. The protease activity of 200 and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control and other groups (p < 0.05). The foregut villus height with 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The crypt depth of 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly lower than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of villus height and crypt depth of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide groups were significantly higher than control group (p < 0.05). The ratio with 600 mg/kg group was significantly lower than the control group (p < 0.05). The IGF‐I gene expression level of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group and 600 mg/kg group (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β gene expression level of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg groups were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated up‐regulation of growth and immune related genes in antimicrobial peptides fed common carp. Correlation analysis showed that IGF‐I mRNA and IL‐1β mRNA were positively correlated with SGR. IL‐1β mRNA and FCR were significantly negative correlated. It indicated that growth and immune gene common regulated the growth of the carp under antimicrobial peptides intervention. In conclusion, antimicrobial peptides can improve growth and related genes mRNA expression in the common carp. Further studies using molecular biological technique or immunologic methods are required to conclude that antimicrobial peptides are beneficial in common carp.     

Zerumbone attenuates MPP+-induced cytotoxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells by inhibition of oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the role of zerumbone (ZER) in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺)-induced cytotoxicity of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. METHODS: Human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells were cultured in vitro and the protective effect of ZER against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxicity was measured by CCK-8 assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of Parkinson disease protein 7 (PARK7) was knocked-down by using PARK7-specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA). The protein levels of PARK7, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: MMP⁺ remarkably reduced the cell viability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. The SH-SY5Y cell injury model was established by treatment with MPP⁺ at 600 μmol/L for 24 h. ZER up-regulated the protein levels of PARK7 and Nrf2 (P<0.05), alleviated apoptosis (P<0.05), and reduced ROS production (P<0.05) in the SH-SY5Y cell injury model. Meanwhile, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had the similar functions. Moreover, significant reductions in the protein levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 (P<0.05), and obvious increases in apoptosis (P<0.05) and ROS level (P<0.05) were demonstrated in PARK7-knockdown cells. CONCLUSION: ZER protects SH-SY5Y cells against MPP⁺-induced cytotoxi-city, which may be related to activation of PARK7/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and subsequent attenuation of oxidative stress and apoptosis.     

小麦TaCYP78A5基因的克隆及生物信息学分析

细胞色素P450(Cytochromes P450)蛋白家族含有硫羟基和血红素结构域,参与多种生物合成,CYP78A家族成员对籽粒大小形成有重要的功能。利用同源克隆的方法,分别从小麦大粒品系‘P271’和小粒材料‘中国春’中扩增到位于2AS、2BS、2DS上的TaCYP78A5-2A、TaCYP78A5-2B和TaCYP78A5-2D基因,编码534、544、549个氨基酸。通过分析发现在‘P271’和‘中国春’克隆到的TaCYP78A5序列一致,说明TaCYP78A5基因在这2个粒型的小麦中是保守的。CYP78A家族在水稻和拟南芥中具有非自主性细胞表达模式,结合对CYP78A家族的生物进化关系研究发现,CYP78A家族的各个基因在单子叶植物中是保守的。‘P271’和‘中国春’籽粒大小的差异,可能是TaCYP78A5基因在‘P271’中的基因表达量高于‘中国春’,引起种子发育过程中内表皮细胞的增殖,从而促进种子表皮增大,使得‘P271’种子大小和质量增加。     

水牛SND1基因克隆及生物信息学分析

试验旨在利用电子克隆法对水牛SND1（staphylococcal nuclease and tudor domain containing 1）基因进行克隆和序列分析，为探究该基因对水牛泌乳性能的作用机制奠定基础。以奶牛SND1基因（GenBank登录号：NM_205784.1）作为种子序列，利用Primer Premier 5.0设计3对引物，以水牛基因组DNA为模板，PCR扩增水牛SND1基因mRNA序列，扩增获得序列连接pMD18-T载体，通过测序拼接获得水牛SND1基因mRNA全序列，并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果显示，水牛SND1基因完整编码序列长为3 503 bp，包含长为2 733 bp CDS序列，编码910个氨基酸，蛋白分子式为C₄₅₂₃H₇₁₈₃N₁₂₈₁O₁₃₅₄S₂₆，分子质量为102.01 ku，理论等电点（pI）为6.74，不稳定系数为42.07，平均亲水性为-0.419，属可溶酸性蛋白。二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主，其中α-螺旋占37.80%，无规则卷曲占34.18%。结合Protfun 2.2在线软件对SND1的功能进行预测分析表明，该蛋白在嘌呤和嘧啶、中央中间代谢、能量代谢、氨基酸生物合成发挥功能的可能性分别为0.449、0.401、0.303和0.262。SND1基因编码区序列与黄牛、绵羊、山羊、猪、马、人的同源性分别为98.7%、97.8%、97.8%、93.8%、93.1%和91.7%，物种之间同源性较高，系统进化情况与其亲缘关系远近一致。利用SMART在线软件预测蛋白结构域，结果显示，水牛SND1蛋白包含有4个SN区域，说明SND1基因编码区在进化过程中较为保守。     

生防菌+恶霉灵最优组合的筛选及对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果研究

苦瓜枯萎病是由尖孢镰孢菌苦瓜专化型（Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. momordicae）侵染引起的一种土传病害，目前市场上缺乏防治效果较好的农药或生防菌剂。为了更好地防治苦瓜枯萎病，通过盆栽试验筛选出绿针假单胞菌（Pseudomonas chlororaphis）G5 与恶霉灵复配施用的最优组合，并在苦瓜枯萎病发病样地对盆栽试验筛选出的最优组合进行防效验证。试验结果表明：菌药组合B+0.75Hym（1×10⁹ cfu · mL^-1 G5 菌悬液+187.5 mg · L-¹ 恶霉灵）处理对盆栽苦瓜枯萎病的防病效果为81.60%，明显高于其他处理；同时该组合对苦瓜幼苗的促生作用最为明显。接种苦瓜枯萎病菌后，菌药组合B+0.75Hym的苦瓜叶片中PAL、PPO、POD 防御酶活性较高。田间防效验证试验中苦瓜苗移栽30、60 d 后菌药组合B+0.75Hym 对苦瓜枯萎病的防治效果较高，分别达到了52.59%、32.13%，且苦瓜产量也高于其他处理。表明盆栽试验筛选出的菌药最优组合B+0.75Hym 不仅能够降低农药的使用量，而且能够有效防治苦瓜枯萎病，提高苦瓜产量，有一定的生产实用价值。     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

中国地方绵羊群体TYRP1基因遗传变异研究

本研究旨在了解酪氨酸酶相关蛋白1（tyrosinase related protein 1，TYRP1）基因在中国地方绵羊群体内的遗传变异，以及TYRP1基因突变与不同毛色表型绵羊群体的相关性。通过直接测序法和PCR-RFLP技术对10个中国地方绵羊群体进行单核苷酸多态性（SNP）检测，利用Beagle、PLINK和POPGENE等软件对突变位点数据进行单倍型构建、连锁不平衡分析和遗传变异研究。突变位点检测结果表明，在绵羊TYRP1基因内识别了13个SNPs，其中位于TYRP1基因外显子上的10个SNPs位点，除个别位点在大尾寒羊、中国美利奴羊和岷县黑裘皮羊中没有发生突变外，其他突变位点在所有绵羊品种中均出现不同程度变异，说明中国地方绵羊群体具有较高的遗传多样性。单倍型分析结果表明，所有样本中共有42个单倍型，优势单倍型0000000000（245/918）、0100000001（91/918）在所有绵羊群体中均存在，除单倍型0101100000（93/918）在中国美利奴羊中没有出现，单倍型0001000001（69/918）在岷县黑裘皮羊、哈萨克羊群体中没有出现外，在其他群体中均存在。连锁分析结果表明，10个SNPs在所有样本中均存在2个连锁模块。群体遗传变异分析表明，中国地方绵羊群体具有较高水平的群体内遗传变异，各绵羊品种间存在明显的遗传分化模式，且各品种遗传关系与其品种传统分类结果基本一致。本研究为进一步研究TYRP1基因对绵羊毛色遗传性状的影响提供了参考依据。