中国南瓜突变体库构建及表型变异的初步分析

为促进中国南瓜功能基因组学的研究,以中国南瓜高代自交系N87的种子为试验材料,构建中国南瓜突变体库。将材料在不同浓度的甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液中处理不同时间,并对诱变后代的表型变异特征进行分析。结果表明,以诱变后南瓜种子的发芽率、成苗率及幼苗生长状况为指标,筛选出1.6% EMS处理12 h为中国南瓜种子最佳诱变条件。使用最佳诱变条件处理10 000粒中国南瓜种子,构建了由725个M₂家系组成的中国南瓜突变体库,该突变体库在叶片、株型、生殖器官、果实等性状上均存在丰富的变异,总变异频率达11.2%。通过构建和分析F₂分离群体,明确白花突变和短蔓突变为单基因隐性突变。本研究成功构建了中国南瓜突变体库,不仅丰富了中国南瓜种质资源,还为中国南瓜功能基因组学研究和新品种选育奠定了基础。     

贵州省籽用南瓜种质资源鉴选初报

对贵州省部分地区南瓜种质资源进行了调查,收集南瓜种质资源50余份,经鉴定有栽培种4个:中国南瓜、印度南瓜、美洲南瓜和黑籽南瓜;从中发(挖)掘较优异的南瓜种质资源5个,为籽用南瓜的利用研究奠定了一定基础.     

硒镉交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

硒能够缓解镉胁迫对植物产生的毒害。为探明硒(Se)和镉(Cd)交互作用对植物的影响,本研究以西葫芦为材料,采用沙培的方式,研究了不同浓度Se(0.5、2.0和4.0 mg·L^-1)与Cd(0.2、0.4和0.6 mg·kg^-1)交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,单一Cd胁迫下,随着Cd浓度的增加,其对西葫芦幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶活性具有一定的促进作用。Se与Cd交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性的影响与Se和Cd的浓度有关。不同浓度Se与低中浓度Cd(0.2和0.4 mg·kg^-1)交互作用可使Cd胁迫下西葫芦幼苗苗高、鲜重和干重显著增加,与高浓度Cd(0.6 mg·kg^-1)交互作用却抑制了西葫芦幼苗的生长。与单一Cd胁迫相比,不同浓度Se与0.2 mg·kg^-1Cd交互作用可显著提高西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,不同浓度Se与0.4和0.6 mg·kg^-1Cd交互作用抑制了西葫芦幼苗SOD和POD活性,且Cd浓度越高,差异越明显。在高浓度(0.6 mg·kg^-1)Cd胁迫下,Se浓度越高,2种元素的交互作用对西葫芦幼苗生长和抗氧化酶活性产生的抑制作用越大。Cd胁迫下,外源Se可以降低西葫芦幼苗Cd含量,同时提高Se含量。较低浓度的Se能够有效缓解Cd对西葫芦幼苗造成的毒害作用,综合来看,2.0 mg·L^-1Se与Cd的交互作用对西葫芦幼苗的生长和抗氧化酶活性的促进作用最强。本研究表明施加外源Se缓解Cd胁迫对植物的毒害时,应同时考虑Cd的污染程度和施加Se的量,为Cd污染治理提供了一定的参考依据。     

早熟南瓜新品种红阳南瓜的选育

红阳南瓜是以自交系Y-3-7-9-2-11为母本,以Y-5-1-9为父本配制而成的印度南瓜一代杂种。植株蔓生,生长势较强,早熟,第1雌花节位为6～8节,从开花到果实成熟40 d（天）左右,全生育期102 d（天）;果实扁圆形,果皮橙红色,果面光滑亮泽,外形美观,果肉橙红色,肉厚3.0 cm左右,肉质致密,口感甜糯,粉质度高,具板栗香味,品质佳。田间调查表明对白粉病、病毒病的抗性强于对照红蜜南瓜。单果质量1.5 kg左右,一般每667 m2产量3 000～4 000 kg,适宜早春露地及春秋保护地栽培。     

Relationship between field and cage assessments for resistance to red pumpkin beetle in summer squash

Summary Significant differences in resistance to the red pumpkin beetle were observed among summer squash lines in both field and cage experiments. Broad sense heritability estimates were 0.87 and 0.78 for field and cage assessments respectively. Significant positive rank (r_s=0.96) and phenotypic (r_p=0.76) correlations were observed. Cage evaluation of red pumpkin beetle resistance may be used with confidence in selection programmes of red pumpkin beetle resistance.     

Phenotypic and marker‐assisted pyramiding of genes for resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus in oilseed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo)

We report on the identification of phenotypic and molecular markers for genes introgressed into oilseed pumpkin Cucurbita pepo from C. moschata germplasm originating in Nigeria, Portugal and Puerto Rico, which provide resistance against zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and on pyramiding these genes for improved and long‐lasting field protection of oilseed pumpkins. One SCAR and two SSR markers have been found for three dominant resistance genes, Zym‐0, Zym‐1 and Zym‐2. Characteristic reactions to ZYMV inoculation of plants carrying the recessive genes for resistance zym‐4* and zym‐6 have been defined. Described are procedures and results of pyramiding various combinations of these genes in oilseed pumpkin using the three markers and the specific phenotypic reactions to infection of some of these genes. The putative combination of all six resistance genes in one genotype resulted in a resistance that appeared to be at least as strong as or even stronger than that of the resistance source germplasm in C. moschata.     

超声波辅助浸提南瓜多糖的工艺研究

研究了超声波频率、浸提时间、固液比和提取液pH值等因素对多糖提取量的影响,并通过正交试验得到了超声波提取南瓜多糖的最佳工艺参数为:超声波频率为13kHz,提取时间15min,固液比为1g∶30mL,提取液pH值为10,在此条件下南瓜多糖的提取量为27.63mg/g。     

南瓜降糖功能及其系列食品加工技术

阐述了南瓜在糖尿病辅助治疗方面的功能特性,介绍了南瓜降糖主要制品南瓜全粉、南瓜脆片、南瓜果酱和南瓜肉汁的工艺流程和操作要点。     

Dominance of bush growth habit in spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo)

Summary Bush and vine habit accessions and their reciprocal F₁s of spaghetti squash (Cucurbita pepo) were compared for various vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Bush habit was dominant to vine. Vine plants produced more leaves, longer internodes, and more male flowers than did bush and F₁ plants. Pistillate flowers developed at lower nodes in bush and F₁ plants than in vine plants. Vine plants produced as much or more vegetative matter than did bush and F₁ plants, but bush and F₁ plants produced more fruits and greater yields than did vine plants.     

南瓜新品种‘龙园红冠’

‘龙园红冠’是从由日本和俄罗斯引进经分离选育的两个高代自交系(‘2011-11-7’ב2011-30-6’)杂交配制而成的早熟红皮南瓜新品种。果实厚圆形,果皮红色艳丽,平均单果质量2.0 kg。果肉橘黄色,肉质甜面,香甜适口。从出苗到采收78 d左右,产量37 500 kg·hm-2。坐果能力强,适应性强,抗白粉病和霜霉病,可菜用、加工及观赏等。