Artificial induction of maturation and fertilization in the Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica

Repeated injections of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg per fish per week) induced vitellogenesis in feminized, cultivated Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica). Oocytes were attained at the migratory nucleus stage after 11 or 12 injections. Addition of 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) into the incubation medium induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in the oocytes at the migratory nucleus stage. An injection of DHP (2 µg g^-1 BW), given 24h after an injection of salmon pituitary extract (20 mg fish^-1), succeeded in inducing maturation and ovulation in females which contained occytes at the migratory nucleus stage. Most fish ovulated 15–18h following the DHP injection. Eggs that were ovulated within 15h after the DHP injection showed high fertility and hatchability, but eggs ovulated 18 or 21h after the DHP injection, showed considerably lower fertility and hatchability. A delay between ovulation and stripping of the eggs rapidly decreased both the fertility and hatchability within 6–9h after ovulation, indicating that artificial fertilization must be carried out immediately after ovulation. Repeated injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at a concentration of 1 IU g^-1 BW week^-1 induced spermatogenesis, spermiation, and the acquisition of potential for sperm motility in cultivated males. Most males spermiated after the fifth or sixth injection of hCG, and the milt weight gradually increased and remained constant (1–2 g) from the 11th to 31th injection. Sperm motility peaked 24h after each weekly injection, and decreased from the 3^rd day after the injection. Potassium ions are an essential constituent for the maintenance of motility in the eel spermatozoa. Artificial seminal plasma containing 15.2 mM KCl is applicable as a milt diluent. Using these techniques developed for female and male eels, we have succeeded in obtaining many fertilized eggs from cultivated eels.     

一株鸭源H8N4亚型禽流感病毒分离株的全基因组序列分析及致病性的研究

本研究对2012年从湖南活禽市场中分离到的一株鸭源H8N4亚型禽流感病毒(AIV)A/duck/HuN/S3160/2012(H8N4)进行全基因组序列和进化分析,并对其进行SPF鸡、SPF鸭和BALB/c小鼠的致病性试验.序列分析显示:HA裂解位点序列为339pSIEPK ↓ GLF347,为典型的低致病性AIV特征.内部基因来源较复杂,HuN/160/12的PB1、NS基因分别与A/spot-billed duck/Xianghai/427/2011 (H5N2)和A/wild bird/Korea/A81/2009(H5N2)的同源性最高,其余内部基因同源性最高的病毒株来自H2、H3、H4、H7、H10等亚型分离株,呈现明显的异源性.感染性试验结果显示,病毒在SPF鸭体内可以通过呼吸道和消化道向外排毒,并且能够在气管、肾脏、盲肠扁桃体及法氏囊检测到病毒,而不能在鸡体内有效复制及排毒.对小鼠的感染性试验结果显示,仅在鼻甲和肺检测到病毒存在,其他脏器病毒滴定结果为阴性,体重呈一过性下降,表明该病毒为低致病性AIV.     

萘二甲酐减轻咪唑乙烟酸对油菜药害的效果和解毒机理初报

采用模拟咪唑乙烟酸土壤残留,以油菜盆栽试验研究萘二甲酐对咪唑乙烟酸土壤残留的解毒效果和解毒机理。结果表明,咪唑乙烟酸25g ai/hm2用量下对油菜有较重药害,可使油菜苗的株高、鲜重等生长指标和谷胱甘肽（GSH）含量、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GST）活力、氨基酸含量等生理指标明显降低。用种子重量0.5%萘二甲酐（NA）湿润拌种处理油菜种子能减轻咪唑乙烟酸对油菜苗的药害。萘二甲酐+咪唑乙烟酸处理的油菜苗株高和鲜重明显高于咪唑乙烟酸处理。萘二甲酐和咪唑乙烟酸都能导致油菜苗的氨基酸含量发生变化,并对GSH含量和GST活力有不同程度的影响。与咪唑乙烟酸25g ai/hm2处理相比,萘二甲酐加入咪唑乙烟酸后,使16种氨基酸含量升高,只有脯氨酸含量降低,氨基酸总量升高;GSH含量略有增加,但GST活力有显著提高。可以认为提高油菜苗氨基酸含量和GST的活力是萘二甲酐对咪唑乙烟酸解毒的重要途径。     

Advances in Gene Structure,Evolution and =unction of Plac8

胎盘特异蛋白8（Placenta special gene 8, PLAC8）又称 onzin或 C15,是一种富含半胱氨酸的蛋白。 Plac8广泛分布于真核生物中,其功能也得到越来越广泛的研究,发现其不仅可以调控细胞的分裂,分化和凋亡,还在机体免疫过程中发挥重要作用。本文旨在对 plac8的基因结构特点、进化、表达和功能等方面的最新研究进展及其可能的作用机制进行概述。     

杂交水稻新品种京福8优77的选育

京福8优77（京福8A／明恢77）是福建省农业科学院水稻研究所与福建亚丰种业有限公司合作选育的早籼三系杂交水稻新品种,该品种具有株型适中、穗大粒多、熟期转色好、产量高、稻瘟病抗性较好以及适应性较广等特点,2014年6月通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定（闽审稻2014003）。本文介绍京福8优77的选育经过、产量表现及品种特征特性。     

甘蓝型油菜化学诱导不育系的创制及赣油杂8号的选育

[目的]培育优质、高产油量、多抗的甘蓝型油菜品种.[方法]以中双11号为材料,应用化学诱导剂WP2,对诱导剂施药时期、用药浓度和处理次数进行筛选,获取最佳施药次数和浓度,诱导成功中双11A,并应用于新品种选育和杂交种生产.[结果]研究表明,化学诱导剂WP2 0.08 ～0.09 g/L浓度施药2次诱导的雄性不育系中双11A效果最好.以化学诱导的雄性不育系中双11A为母本,选育了杂交油菜新品种赣油杂8号.在2011 ～2013年度江西省区试中,该品种2年平均产量2 256.98 kg/hm2,比对照增产11.29％.2年平均产油量983.33 kg/hm2,比对照增产21.15％.含油量43.50％,硫甙含量为21.15 μmol/g,芥酸含量为0.[结论]研究选育的赣油杂8号不仅产量高,稳产性也好,含油量高,抗性强,在生产上应用推广将能促进油菜生产增产增收.     

丝苗型香稻广丰香8号万亩高产示范及配套栽培技术

广丰香8号是广州市农业科学研究院育成的优质高产丝苗型香稻品种,2009年1月通过广东省品种审定,2012 ～2014年连续3年被遴选为广州市农业主导品种.该品种米质优,达国标优质2级、省标优质2级,并且叶、茎、米均有清香味,饭软、滑,口感好,冷饭不回生,适合加工高档丝苗米和香米;丰产性较强,于2012 ～2014年连续3年纳入万亩连片示范区示范,2012、2013年经实割测产平均产量在7 500 kg/hm2以上.介绍该品种的特征特性和高产栽培技术.     

基于Landsat 8的东莞市热岛效应研究

以2014年广东省东莞市Landsat 8卫星的热红外波段数据建立模型,反演东莞市地表温度,研究东莞市热岛效应分布情况,从优势度指数、分维数指数和形状指数来分析热力场景观格局,根据热岛效应的不同影响因素分析东莞市热岛现象的成因。结果表明：Landsat 8卫星影像反演2014年东莞市地表温度是可行的;东莞市热力景观以中热岛为主,热岛效应不明显,分布呈西北偏高,中部地区和东南区域偏低;热力景观斑块较复杂、热力场呈条带状零星分布;受绿化、水体影响区域的热岛强度较小,而受人为热源、道路、城市下垫面和建筑等因素影响的区域,热岛强度较大。     

水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机转轮数值模拟优化

针对比转数仅有54的水动冷却塔直驱混流式水轮机,选取影响水轮机转轮效率的6个重要水力参数β1,β2,b0/D1,Φ/D1,Z,a/D1,每个因素取2个水平,设计L8（2^7）正交表,生成8个设计方案.通过CFD软件分别对8个方案的水轮机进行全流道数值模拟,采用理论分析和CFD技术分析转轮水力损失特性,对比其结果、优化转轮参数,再将优化后方案进行数值模拟和外特性试验,对比得到的结果,表明使用正交化方法结合CFD技术可在较少的试验方案下有效地改进水轮机叶轮水力性能,达到水轮机优化设计的目的.在设计流量点Q为5 000 t/h处,优化后的模型转轮输出功率为156.57 kW,水轮机效率达到86.51%;数值模拟效率比试验效率低0.11%,实测结果的基本趋势与数值模拟结果相一致.     

Are circle hooks effective management measures in the pelagic longline fishery for sharks in the Gulf of Gabès?

1. This study evaluated the circle hook use as a tool for shark management in the pelagic longline fishery in the Gulf of Gabès.
2. The usual J‐hook No. 2 with 10° offset, which has been traditionally used by the fishery, was compared to the 18/0 non‐offset circle hook in an alternating fashion along the main line. In total, 22 experimental longline sets were deployed through the shark fishing seasons of 2016 and 2017 to examine the effects of hook types on the catch composition, the catch rates, the hooking location, and the status at haulback.
3. The catch composition differed significantly among hook types. Moreover, an overall increase in catch rates for the main species, the sandbar shark Carcharhinus plumbeus, and the shortfin mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus, was observed when using circle hooks.
4. There was no size‐selective effect of circle hooks for the common species. The circle hooks were not effective at reducing at‐haulback mortality of sandbar shark. Conversely, shortfin mako and smooth‐hound shark Mustelus mustelus showed significantly lower relative mortality at haulback with circle hooks than with J‐hooks. Furthermore, circle hooks were more frequently hooked externally than the J‐hooks for the three shark species.
5. Results demonstrated that the use of 18/0 non‐offset circle hooks in the pelagic shark longline fishery can reduce mortality at haulback for some species without any benefit for the dominant species, the sandbar shark.
6. Overall, it is difficult to promote the adoption of the use of circle hooks as a management measure in this specialized fishery. Management measures focusing on fishing effort controls, fishing closures in critical habitats, and size limits could have significant benefits for the conservation of shark species and may help to improve the sustainability of the shark fishery in the Gulf of Gabès.