Cryopreservation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) shoot tips by encapsulation-vitrification

Shoot tips excised from in vitro cultured plants of Dianthus caryophyllus L. (cv. Pallas, cv. Pink Candy and cv. Wanessa) were successfully cryopreserved using an encapsulation-vitrification method. Shoot tips (2–3 mm in length) were encapsulated in sodium alginate, precultured on liquid Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with various sucrose concentrations (0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 M) for 24 h or 48 h and dehydrated with the vitrification solution PVS2 (up to 4 h) at 24 °C or 0 °C prior to direct immersion in liquid nitrogen (−196 °C). A maximum of shoot regeneration from cryopreserved shoot tips was obtained with the following combinations: preculture in 0.5 M sucrose and 180 min dehydration treatment at 0 °C for cv. Pallas (60% shoot formation), or preculture in 0.75 M and 200 min dehydration at the same temperature for cv. Pink Candy (66.6% shoot formation) and cv. Wanessa (73% shoot formation).     

性别控制胚胎玻璃化一步法稀释冷冻保存技术的研究

为了创立在用户庭院就能应用的玻璃化保存性别控制胚胎的冷冻剂稀释处理方法，采用细管内3种不同液体层构成（A、B、C）法，对新鲜分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力进行了研究；其次用特定细管最小容量冷却法与上述3种不同液体层构成中效果较好的B法对玻璃化冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚进行一步法稀释后的存活能力予以对比。结果，3种不同液体层构成间胚胎的存活能力无显著差异，B法较高；应用特定细管最小容量冷却法在冷冻溶解的新鲜分割胚、体外受精分割胚及冷冻溶解的体外受精分割胚一步法稀释后的存活能力均显著高于B法。结果表明，特定细管最小容量冷却法是更有效的保存方法。     

猪MII期卵母细胞的玻璃化冷冻的初步研究

试验采用3种冷冻载体(麦管、开放式拉长麦管和半麦管)对猪卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻后发育能力的影响进行研究,以探讨采用自制半麦管作为载体对猪MII期卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻后发育能力的影响.结果发现,采用半麦管法、OPS法玻璃化冷冻的猪卵母细胞的形态完整率、存活率、卵裂率分别为90.85%、60.07%、20.43%和84.15%、55.71%、14.71%,无显著差异(P＞0.05),但采用半麦管法的结果好于OPS法;与麦管法的形态完整率、存活率和卵裂率(分别为60.06%,39.64%和0)均有显著性差异(＜0.05).结论为采用半麦管法玻璃化冷冻猪卵母细胞可以稍微提高其冻后发育能力.     

牛GV期卵母细胞冷冻保存后发育潜力的研究

二甲基亚砜(DMSO)、丙二醇(PROH)、乙二醇(EG)和甘油(GL)4种冷冻保护剂程序化冷冻牛GV期卵母细胞的结果表明,EG和PROH的保护效果比GL和DMSO好。4种不同冷冻方法冷冻保存牛GV期卵母细胞,比较解冻后卵母细胞的体外成熟率、受精后卵裂率。结果表明,在程序化冷冻法与细管玻璃化法(Straw)之间的差异不显著(P>0.05),在开放式拉管法(OPS)与毛细玻管法(GMP)之间的差异不显著(P>0.05);但OPS和GMP与程序化冷冻法和Straw之间的差异极显著(P<0.01)。玻璃化冷冻效果优于程序化冷冻。说明GMP和OPS玻璃化冷冻优于Straw玻璃化冷冻。说明可以采用GMP方法冷冻保存牛GV期卵母细胞。     

The effects of cooling and vitrification of embryos from mares treated with equine follicle-stimulating hormone on pregnancy rates after nonsurgical transfer

Equine embryos can remain viable for 12 to 24 hours when cooled and stored at 5°C.¹ Cryopreservation of embryos would allow for long-term preservation of genetic material and more efficient management of embryo recipients. This study compared pregnancy rates after transfer of equine embryos vitrified within 1 hour of collection or cooled for 12 to 19 hours before vitrification. Mares (N = 40) were superovulated using equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH). Embryos were recovered 6.5 days after ovulation or 8 days after human chorionic gonadotropin. Forty morulae or early blastocysts with a grade of 1 to 2 and <300 mm in diameter were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments: Group 1 (n = 20), washed 4 times in a commercial holding medium and then vitrified; Group 2 (n = 20), washed 3 times and then stored in the same holding medium at 5°C to 8°C in a passive cooling device for 12 to 19 hours before being vitrified. To thaw, embryos were warmed by holding the straw in air at room temperature for 10 seconds and then submerged in a water bath (20°C to 22°C) for an additional 10 seconds. The contents of the straw were transferred directly into a recipient that had ovulated 4 to 6 days previously. There were no differences (P > .05) in embryo diameter, grade, or morphology score between treatment groups before vitrification. Pregnancy rates (day 16) were not different (P > .05) between embryos vitrified immediately after collection (15 of 20; 75%) and embryos cooled for 12 to 19 hours before vitrification (13 of 20; 65%). Based on these results, small equine embryos (<300 mm) can be stored at 5°C to 8°C for 12 to 19 hours before vitrification without a significant loss of viability.     

香蕉茎尖滴冻法保存中细胞的超微结构变化

 应用透射电镜研究了香蕉茎尖滴冻法超低温保存中细胞超微结构的变化规律。结果表明: 装载后, 细胞液泡化程度降低, 出现质壁分离。脱水处理使质壁分离程度加重, 原生质体浓缩, 一部分细胞的细胞壁、膜系统发生了不可逆的损伤; 也有小部分位于分生组织区域的细胞结构虽然发生了变化, 但程度不深, 在恢复培养时会自动修复, 并再生出植株。细胞严重伤害主要发生在脱水处理过程中, 冷冻环节基本上不产生新的损伤。讨论了上述变化的可能机制。     

绵羊体内外受精胚胎玻璃化冷冻保存

用 EFS4 0溶液对绵羊体内外受精的早期囊胚进行了玻璃化冷冻保存的研究。经卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养获得的早期囊胚 ,分别作如下处理 :( A) 1 0 %EG中预处理 5min后 ,在 EFS4 0平衡 3 0 s(两步法 ) ;( B) EFS4 0中平衡 1 min(一步法 ) ;( C) EFS4 0中平衡 2 min(一步法 )。然后投入液氮中冷冻保存 ,解冻胚胎的继续发育率分别为 80 %、78%和 50 %,A、B2组的结果与对照组 ( 88%)无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)。经超数排卵获得的体内受精早期囊胚用两步法冷冻保存 ,解冻后胚胎发育继续率为 89%,与对照组( 93 %)也无显著性差异 ( P >0 .0 5)     

生物频谱对牛胚胎体外生产效率的影响

利用可调式周林生物频谱发生器对牛卵母细胞体外成熟、体外受精和体外培养过程实施辐射,以提高牛胚胎体外生产效率。频谱发生器与培养材料的距离为５ｃｍ,辐射强度根据辐射温度加以调节。结果表明,辐射温度控制在３９℃时,入孵卵母细胞的卵裂率（６３％）与对照组６１（％）无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）,而囊胚发育率（３９％）显著高于对照组（１９％）（Ｐ〈０．０５）;当辐射温度达到４０℃时,试验组的卵裂率仅为１４％,囊     

玻璃化超低温保存中拟南芥幼苗细胞膜ATPase的变化

运用氯化铈(CeCl3)沉淀的电镜细胞化学方法, 研究了玻璃化超低温保存中拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)不同苗龄幼苗细胞ATPase活性变化及玻璃化保护处理对酶活性的影响. 种子萌发48 h形成的幼苗(2 d龄幼苗)细胞膜ATPase活性反应强于种子萌发72 h形成的幼苗(3 d龄幼苗),但直接投入液氮(LN2)冻融后,2 d及3 d龄幼苗的ATPase全部失活. 玻璃化技术保护处理后, 2 d及3 d龄幼苗ATPase活性有不同程度提高. 2 d龄幼苗经玻璃化处理后ATPase活性明显提高,细胞膜ATPase在随之的LN2冻融后仍保持了较高活性;3 d龄幼苗经玻璃化处理后ATPase活性稍有提高,但LN2冻融后酶活性丧失. 幼苗玻璃化超低温保存结果显示,2 d及3 d龄幼苗直接投入LN2幼苗全部死亡. 玻璃化处理后再投入LN2,2 d龄幼苗有76%的成活率,而3 d龄幼苗仍然全部死亡. 结果表明,幼苗细胞膜ATPase活性与幼苗耐受LN2冻融后的成活率相关联. 玻璃化处理可以提高幼苗细胞膜ATPase活性,对2 d龄幼苗抗LN2冻融伤害有保护作用.     

微波复温对玻璃化冻存大鼠胚脑细胞活性的影响

以孕17～19 d的SD大鼠为材料,对胚脑细胞进行玻璃化深低温保存,在冻存3、10、20、30、60d后,胚脑细胞样品分别采用常规的38℃水浴复温和微波复温即在300mL 10℃水中,控制微波功率为800 W,频率2450MHz,复温时间80 s.检测胚脑细胞的功能变化,比较两种复温方法对细胞活性的影响.结果表明:胚脑细胞玻璃化冻存3～30 d,细胞的回收率、存活率、细胞内琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性都有下降的趋势,过氧化氢(H2O2)含量显著增加,但冻存30 d后这些指标保持基本稳定,与第60 d比较无显著差异(P＞0.05).微波复温组的细胞存活率,细胞内SDH、SOD的活性高于水浴复温组,细胞内H2O2含量明显低于水浴复温组.说明微波复温能够提高复温速率,对胚脑细胞的损伤要低于水浴复温.