色素万寿菊试管苗玻璃化控制的研究

以色素万寿菊带腋芽的茎段为外植体,研究离体快繁中蔗糖、AgNO₃、琼脂、植物凝胶、活性炭及不同封口材料对芽增殖及玻璃苗产生的影响。结果显示：30 g/L蔗糖适合万寿菊幼苗的生长,玻璃化率随蔗糖浓度（10~60 g/L）的增加而减少,60 g/L的蔗糖玻璃化率仅9.13%;AgNO₃有抑制玻璃苗发生作用,5.0 g/L AgNO₃可使玻璃化率低至9.81%;活性炭的用量对玻璃化影响最为明显,5.0 g/L活性炭可使玻璃化率高达38.18%;琼脂和植物凝胶对芽的增殖及玻璃化发生表现相同的趋势,低浓度时有利于芽的增殖,高浓度可有效防止玻璃化发生,10 g/L的琼脂玻璃化率低至8.31%;2.0 g/L的植物凝胶芽增殖系数高达3.35,5.0 g/L植物凝胶玻璃化率低至6.67%;棉花塞+双层牛皮纸+棉线封口时,芽增殖系数高达3.24,玻璃化率低至8.46%。     

玻璃化冻存对驴卵母细胞超微结构的影响

试验旨在探究玻璃化冷冻对驴卵母细胞发育的影响，寻求驴卵母细胞冷冻的最佳条件。通过对不同发育时期的驴卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻，冷冻复苏后分别进行成熟培养和孤雌激活，并对GV期未冷冻组（对照组）、GV期冷冻组、IVM-M Ⅱ冷冻组卵母细胞微丝和线粒体超微结构进行免疫荧光标记，统计冷冻复苏后卵母细胞形态正常率、成熟率、孤雌激活卵裂率、超微结构正常率。结果表明，GV期冷冻组卵母细胞的形态正常率与GV期未冷冻组（对照组）间无显著差异（P>0.05），成熟率和卵裂率均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）；IVM-M Ⅱ冷冻组的卵裂率显著低于对照组（P<0.05），且卵裂后细胞发育受到阻滞。冷冻组微丝在皮质区分布明显减少的卵母细胞数目增多，冷冻组卵母细胞的线粒体数量明显低于对照组，由此可以说明冷冻对卵母细胞超微结构有损伤，从而导致复苏后成熟率下降，影响卵母细胞的受精和体外发育，且GV期冷冻组较IVM-M Ⅱ冷冻组在微丝与线粒体结构上有较小损伤，发育状态较好。     

牡丹组织培养研究进展

牡丹因花大色艳，深受广大人民喜爱，市场需求也不断增大，开展牡丹组培工作是满足人民需求的一个重要方法。作者综述了近年来国内外学者开展的针对牡丹的组织培养研究进展。包括牡丹无菌苗的培养、启动、增殖、生根和管苗的驯化等方面。同时牡丹组培中也存在一些问题，如褐化现象、玻璃化、茎尖及叶片坏死、生根难等，这些问题都影响着牡丹组培的成功。     

Comparative Effects of Porcine Oocytes Vitrified at the GV and MⅡ Stages

This study was designed to compare the efficiency of porcine oocytes vitrified at the GV and MⅡ stages. The vitrified GV oocytes were matured in vitro and then evaluated their cortical granule distribution with immunofluorescence, CD9 protein level with Western blotting and zona pellucida dissolution time with pronse digestion method, as compared to vitrified MⅡ oocytes.The results showed that the survival percentages of oocytes vitrified at the GV stage were significantly lower than those vitrified at the MⅡ stage after 2 h of warming (P<0.05);However, there was no difference in maturation rate between vitrified and fresh oocytes (P>0.05). The oocytes vitrified at MⅡ stage resulted in significantly decreased normal cortical granule distribution and CD9 protein level (P<0.05), but no such results were found in vitrified GV oocytes after maturation (P>0.05). In addition, vitrification did not affect the dissolution time of zona pellucida in GV and MⅡ oocytes (P>0.05). The data demonstrated that despite of lower survival rate compared with MⅡ oocytes, vitrified porcine GV oocytes after maturation showed normal polar body extrusion, cortical granule distribution and CD9 protein level.     

不同离心液对猪孤雌激活胚胎的冷冻效果

以猪孤雌激活胚胎为材料，经体外成熟、电激活，选取电激活后3d（6--8cell）胚胎分别放入0．28mol／L的蔗糖离心液或无蔗糖离心液中离心处理后，继续培养5d，取扩张囊胚进行玻璃化冷冻保存。结果显示，在囊胚形成率上，无蔗糖组（19．86％）略高于蔗糖组（18．83％），差异不显著（P〉0．05）；胚胎复苏率上两者差异不显著，但蔗糖组（43．33％）明显好于无蔗糖组（29．63％）；在解冻后胚胎内细胞破损率上，无蔗糖组（20．18％）低于蔗糖组（29．13％），差异不显著（P〉0．05）。因此，离心液中添加蔗糖，对后续囊胚形成无影响，在一定程度上提高了解冻囊胚复苏率，但没有降低内细胞的破损程度。     

OPS法玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞和囊胚

本文报道了利用拉细开口型细管 (Open Pulled Straw,OPS)方法进行玻璃化冷冻保存体外成熟(IVM)的牛卵母细胞及体外生产 (IVP)的牛囊胚的实验结果。实验 1的牛卵母细胞冷冻处理分 2组 ,组 1(G1 )是将卵母细胞在 IVM2 1 h时去除部分卵丘细胞后马上进行冷冻处理。组 2 (G2 )卵母细胞在 IVM6h时去除部分卵丘细胞 ,然后继续培养至 2 2 h冷冻 ;冷冻后的卵母细胞在液氮中保存 0 .5～ 2 h后解冻再继续 IVM1 h后与正常 IVM2 4h的对照组卵母细胞一起进行体外受精 (IVF)处理。实验 2则冷冻了来自IVP的 6、 7日龄的牛囊胚。结果显示 ,G1的卵母细胞 IVF后 8d的囊胚率 (2 2 .8% ,2 6/1 1 4)和孵化囊胚率 (1 4.9% ,1 7/1 1 4)都极显著地高于 G2 (分别为 2 .9% ,5 /1 71和 0 .5 % ,1 /1 71 ,P<0 .0 0 1 ) ;但两处理组的受精卵裂率差别不大 (分别为 48.2 %和 41 .5 % ,P>0 .3 )。冷冻第 6d和第 7d的体外囊胚 ,其冻后存活率和囊胚孵化率分别为 92 .7%、 89.2 %和 83 .6%、 66.7%。结果表明 ,利用 OPS法玻璃化冷冻经体外培养成熟的牛卵母细胞及体外生产的牛囊胚均能获得良好的效果     

Survivability and developmental competences of domestic cat (Felis catus) oocytes after Cryotech method vitrification

The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the Cryotech technique for the vitrification of domestic cat (Felis catus) oocytes, as a model for other feline species threatened with extinction. This technique, in which oocytes are stored in a minimal volume of medium, is already widely used in human assisted reproductive technology. In the first part of this study, a viability test (EtBr/FDA) was used to evaluate the toxicity of the vitrification media (solutions). After IVM, oocytes were placed in vitrification and warming solutions according to the manufacturer's procedure, with or without exposure to liquid nitrogen. The solutions and the vitrification procedure each caused a reduction in oocyte viability, with survival rates of 71.4% in oocytes exposed to the Cryotech media (without cooling in liquid nitrogen), and 62% in oocytes that were vitrified. In the second part of the experiment, parthenogenetic activation was used to evaluate the developmental potential of oocytes previously vitrified using the Cryotech method. After warming, the oocytes were activated using a combination of 0.7 µM ionomycin in TCM 199 medium (5 min) followed by 2 mM 6-DMAP in TCM 199 supplemented with 10% FBS (3 hr), then cultured and evaluated every 24 hr for parthenogenetic cleavage. In the experimental group, 23/50 (46%) cleaved embryos were obtained. Domestic cat oocytes, vitrified by the Cryotech method, are characterized by high survival rates. However, it is necessary to improve the technique to increase the developmental competence of embryos obtained from vitrified oocytes.     

用玻璃化冷冻保存山羊胚胎的研究

试验用玻璃化冷冻保存山羊胚胎１４２枚，其中３５枚移植受体１３只，妊娠率和产羔率分别为６１．５％（８／１３）和４０％（１４／３５）；１０７枚（桑椹胚４４枚和囊胚６３枚）在液氮中保存３和４．５年后解冻与培养。结果表明，桑椹胚形态和发育正常率分别为４７％（２１／４４）和３８．６％（１７／４４），囊胚分别为６３．５％（４０／６３）和４７．６％（３０／６３）。囊胚解冻后形态正常率和发育率显著高于桑椹胚（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

驱蚊香草的组织培养技术

利用驱蚊香草茎段进行组织培养，研究了添加在培养基中不同激素组成、浓度、培养条件等因素对不定芽诱导、继代增殖、防止玻璃化以及生根的影响．结果表明：适于驱蚊香草不定芽诱导的培养基为MS＋6-BA1．5mg／L＋NAA0．05mg／L，适于继代增值的培养基为MS＋6-BA1．5mg／L＋NAA0．05mg／L．适于生根的培养基为配方为1／2MS＋IBA0．5mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L；用透气设施的封口材料明显地降低驱蚊香草的玻璃化；基质培养基生根优于琼脂培养基.     

猪GV期卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存技术研究

旨在探讨提高猪GV期卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的可能途径。将EDS、EFS40和ES冷冻保护液用作卵母细胞冻前、冻后程序的处理,但不冷冻,比较3种冷冻保护剂对猪GV期卵母细胞的毒性作用;采用ES液作玻璃化液,比较常规细管法、OPS法和电镜铜网法3种冷冻载体对猪GV期卵母细胞的冷冻效果;并以ES液作玻璃化液,OPS管为冷冻载体,将猪GV期卵母细胞分5组,即对照组、CB+离心处理组、直接冷冻组、CB+冷冻组、CB+离心+冷冻组进行对比处理,比较各处理卵母细胞的冻后存活率与发育率。结果表明,在不同冷冻保护液中,以ES液组合作为玻璃化冷冻液时的毒性作用最低,与对照组间无明显差异(P>0.05);在3种冷冻载体中,用OPS法冷冻猪GV期卵母细胞,所获冻后存活率明显高于电镜铜网法和细管法(65.4%对45.0%和38.6%,P<0.05),并可获得最佳的冻后成熟率(43.3%);猪GV期卵母细胞单纯经细胞松弛素B和离心极化处理,不会严重影响卵母细胞的存活,但卵裂率显著低于对照组(39.0%对52.1%,P<0.05);细胞松弛素B处理或细胞松弛素B+离心极化处理后再进行玻璃化冷冻,并不能提高卵母细胞的冻后存活率与发育率。采用OPS法直接进行GV期卵母细胞的玻璃化冷冻,可获得7.8%的冻后卵裂率,并能获得桑椹胚发育,是一种有效的猪卵母细胞冷冻保存技术。