The effects of sprouting times on nutritive value of two varieties of african yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa)

Forty-eight rats (80–125 g) were used to determine the nutritive value of two sprouted varieties of African yam bean. The cream and brown varieties were each sprouted for 36, 48 and 72 h and blended with corn in a 70:30 ratio (protein basis) to provide 1.6 g N/100 g diet for the entire study period. Sprouting for 48 h caused an increase in most of the parameters tested for both varieties. Sprouting increased natural enhancement of nutrients.     

山药营养八宝粥的研制

对山药八宝粥的加工工艺进行了研究。结果表明,山药经0.10%Zn(Ac)2、1.0%NaCl0、.3%CaCl2和0.2%柠檬酸的混合溶液处理护色效果良好;用30%山药和25%糯米加上适量的红枣、绿豆、红豆、花生、莲子、桂圆和白糖等原料,并添加0.05%黄原胶和0.20%海藻酸钠的复合稳定剂,通过传统工艺熬制成山药营养八宝粥。该产品风味独特,是适合于大众消费的新型保健食品。     

Soil properties and yam yield under different tillage systems in a tropical Alfisol

In Nigeria, information is lacking regarding the most suitable tillage method in extensive yam production. Hence, five tillage methods were compared at two sites in 2008–2010 with reference to their effects on soil physical and chemical properties, leaf nutrient concentrations, growth and tuber yield of yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir) on Alfisols at Owo (site A) and Akure (site B), south-west Nigeria. The tillage methods were: zero tillage (ZT), manual ridging (MR), manual mounding (MM), ploughing + harrowing (P + H) and ploughing + harrowing + ridging (P + H + R). P + H + R had lower soil bulk density than other tillage methods and resulted in higher leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg and yam tuber yield. In ZT, bulk density, soil moisture content, soil organic C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg were significantly higher and temperature lower than other tillage methods. Results of multiple regressions revealed that bulk density significantly influenced the yield of yam rather than soil chemical properties. Compared with MR, MM, P + H and ZT, and averaged across years, P + H + R increased yam tuber yield by 12.3, 12.8, 34.9 and 50.7%, respectively, in site A and 12.9, 13.5, 25.2 and 44.5%, respectively, in site B. P + H + R was found to be most advantageous and is therefore recommended for yam cultivation.     

Effects of organic fertilizers on yam productivity and some soil properties of a nutrient-depleted tropical Alfisol

Field experiments were conducted at Owo, southwest Nigeria to select organic fertilizer treatments most suitable for sustaining high soil fertility and yam productivity on a nutrient-depleted tropical Alfisol. Eight organic fertilizer treatments were applied at 20 t ha^?1 with a reference treatment inorganic fertilizer (NPK 15–15–15) at 400 kg ha^?1 and natural soil fertility (control), laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that organic fertilizers significantly increased (p = 0.05) tuber weight and growth of yam, soil and leaf N, P, K, Ca and Mg, soil pH and organic C concentrations compared with the NSF (control). The oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure treatment increased tuber weight, vine length, number of leaves and leaf area of yam by 66, 25, 21 and 52%, respectively, compared with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and 37, 22, 19 and 44%, respectively, compared with poultry manure alone. Sole or mixed forms of organic fertilizers showed significant improvement in soil physical conditions compared with IF (NPK) and NSF (control). Synergistic use of oil palm bunch ash + poultry manure at 10 t ha^?1 each was most effective for sustainable management of soils and for improving agronomic productivity of yam.     

肥料运筹对山药膨大及产量的影响

在山药栽培中，施肥直接影响到块茎的膨大及产量的形成。在施足基肥的前提下，块茎生长初期和盛期施肥量分别占总追肥的６０％和４０％，结合生长后期的根外追肥，可确保其地上部有足够的光合面积，为地下块茎的迅速膨大及膨大盛期的延长提供丰富的光合产物，从而夺得高产稳产。     

浙江省山药资源开发利用现状及其发展前景

山药在我国栽培历史悠久,既是食用的滋补保健佳品,又是常用的药材。对浙江山药资源的利用现状和存在的问题进行了阐述,并从山药的菜用、药用和国内外市场等方面的前景进行预测分析,提出浙江山药产业发展的6点对策。     

薯蓣根结线虫病的初步研究

 山东省荷泽地区薯蓣上根结线虫病发生严重。分离鉴定结果表明,该病的病原线虫是花生根结线虫Meloidogyne arenaria。该病在每年4月末开始发生,线虫在一年内发生完整的4代,完成一代平均约需要40 d,有明显的世代重叠现象。线虫主要在地表以下20~40 cm的土层内分布和为害。当地种植的4个主要品种中,肿脖温发病最重,明豆子发病最轻。     

Agronomic and economic performance of seed yam production using minisetts in the middle belt of Nigeria

White yam (Dioscorea rotundata) is an important tuber crop of West Africa and the Caribbean, and one of the key limiting factors in its production is the availability of good quality planting material. The Adaptive Yam Minisett Technique (AYMT) was designed to help overcome this constraint. The paper presents an analysis of agronomic and economic data collected across four years (2013 to 2016) of AYMT plots planted in two areas within the middle-belt of Nigeria. Of the 136 plots that were established, 11% were lost to flooding and damage from Fulani cattle. Mean yield was 13.16 t/ha, 17,747 tubers/ha and the mean tuber weight was 0.73 kg. Plot yield declined with an increase in planting time, while plots owned by female farmers were on average planted later than those owned by their male counterparts; this helps explain the effect of gender noted in a previous study. Differences in yield were also noted between the two areas, which could also partly be explained by differences in planting time. The plots were profitable, with a mean cost over the four years of Naira 915,196/ha, revenue of Naira 3,197,786/ha and gross margin of Naira 2,282,591/ha (equivalent to US$4,039, US$14,319 and US$10,280 respectively). The main factor influencing costs and revenue was year, with no effect of gender. There is a need for more research on planting time in AYMT and how it interacts with factors, such as yam variety.     

江西瑞昌山药炭疽病菌的形态及分子鉴定

为了明确江西瑞昌山药炭疽病病原菌种类归属,本文从当地采集呈典型症状的炭疽病叶片进行了病原菌分离鉴定.通过组织分离获得8个在培养性状和分生孢子形态大小均一致且均具有致病性的分离株,8个分离株在PDA平板上菌落初为白色,后变为灰色至深灰色,菌落中央产生橘红色黏质分生孢子团.分生孢子无色,长椭圆形至纺锤形,单胞,大小为(15.6~18.0)μm×(3.6~6.0)μm.对其中之一的分离株YRRC-1进行rDNA-ITS区段扩增和序列测定,获得长度为536 bp的rDNA-ITS序列,该序列与胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的对应序列同源性达100%.根据分离病菌的培养特征、形态大小和序列鉴定结果,认为瑞昌山药炭疽病菌属于胶孢炭疽菌(C. gloeosporioides).